英美文化阅读理解专项：西方餐桌礼仪+英国酒吧文化- 2024年高考英语常考英美文化阅读专练+素材积累

15.Tablemanners餐桌礼仪

Asweknow,thebehavioratthesocialityoccasion,usuallyreflectssomeone'snurture,especiallyinsome

high-classrestaurants.

Firstofallzsitupstraightatthetable,keepagoodimpression.

Youshouldchoosethecorrectsilverwarefromthevarietyinfrontof

you.Withthedinner,startingwiththe

knife,fork,orspoonfarthestfrom

yourplate,usingoneutensilforeach

course.Onyouroutermostleftusuallyisthesaladfork,followedbydinnerfork.

Thesoupspoonisonyouroutermostright,followedbysaladknifeanddinnerknife.

Thedessertspoonandforkareabovetheplateorbroughtoutwithdessert.

Inthewest,therearetwowaystouseaknifeandforktocutandeatyourfood,theAmericanstyleandthe

EuropeanorContinentalstyle.IntheAmericanstyle,cutthefoodbyholdingtheknifeintherighthandandthe

forkintheIe代handwiththeforktinesholdingthefoodtotheplate.Cutafewbite-sizepiecesoffood.Thenlay

yourknifeacrossthetopedgeofyourplatewiththesharpedgeofthebladefacingin.Changeyourforkfrom

yourlefttoyourrighthandtoeat,forktinesfacingup.TheEuropeanorContinentalstyleisthesameasthe

Americanstyleinthatyoucutyourmeatbyholdingyourknifeinyourrighthandwhilesecuringyourfoodwith

yourforkinyourlefthand.Yourforkremainsinyourlefthand,tinesfacingdown,andtheknifeinyourrighthand

Simplyeatthecutpiecesoffoodbypickingthemupwithyourforkstillinyourleft.

Afterall,whenyouarefinished,donotpushyourplateawayfromyou.Leaveyourplatewhereitisinthe

placesetting.Thecommonwaytoshowyouarefinishedwithyourmealistolayyourforkandknifediagonally

acrossyourplate.Placeyourknifeandforksidebyside.Onceyouhaveusedsilverware,neverplaceitbackon

thetable.Donotleaveausedspooninacup.Youshouldleaveasojpspoonin

asoupplate.Anyunusedsilverwareissimplyleftonthetable.

Duringthedinner,weshouldalsopayattentiontosomedetailbehavior.Such

as:

1.Neverchewwithyourmouthopenormakeloudnoiseswhenyoueat.

2.Don'tspitfoodanywhere.Ifyouhavebonesinyourmouth,takethemout

withyourfingersandplacethemortheedgeofyourplate,neveronthetableoronthefloor.

3.Don'tbelchoutloud.Ifyoudo,youmustsay:"Excuseme“quietly.

4.Don'treachacrossnexttoyourperson.Asksomeonetopasswhateveryouwant.

5.Don'tcatchthefoodatonceaftertheserving;youshouldwaitforthehostorhostess'sexpress.

（486）

♦Helper:

Socialityfssufi'aeliti］交际，社会性impression印象sih/erware「silvawea］银器

utensil［ju：'tensl］^Aoutermost最外方的（最远的）tine［tain］齿,叉

secure［si'kjua］固定diagonally（dai'aegandli］斜（对）地，对角地belch［belt/］打嗝，喷出

♦BriefIntroduction:

正如我们所知道的那样，在社交场合的行为通常反映一个人的教养，尤其是在一些高级餐馆里面。

首要的是，要端坐在桌了•旁边，留下良好的印象。你应该从面前摆放的各式各样的银制餐具当中做出

正确的选择。吃饭的时候，先使用禽你的盘子最远的刀叉或勺子，每次进食只用一个器具。在你左边最外

面的通常是吃沙拉用的叉子，往里一点是餐叉。汤勺在你的最右边，往里是吃沙拉用的刀子，再往里是用

餐的小刀。吃甜点用的勺子或小刀在盘子的上方，或者和甜点一起被端上来。

在西方，有两种使用刀叉切东西吃的方法，分别是美式和欧式（或大陆式）。在美式用法当中，右手执

刀，左手持叉，用叉齿将食物固定在盘子里，用刀子进行切割。切几片大小刚好可以入口的食物，然后把

刀子横放在你的盘子顶端的边缘，刀身锋利的一面朝里。把你的叉子从左手换到右手就可以吃了，吃的时

候叉齿朝上。欧式使用刀叉的方法其它方面和美式差不多，只不过最后吃东西的时候仍然用左手持叉，不

用换到右手里而己。

最后，当你吃完的时候，不要把盘子从面前推开。把盘了•留在原处不要动它。最常见的表示你已经吃

好了的方式是把你的刀叉斜对着放在你的盘子上。你的刀叉要并排放好。一旦你使用了银制餐具，千万不

要再把它放回桌子上。用过的勺子不可以放在杯子里面。你应该把汤勺留在乘汤的盘子里。任何没有用到

的银制餐具就留在桌子上不要动。

在用餐期间，我们还应该注意一些细枝末节。比如：

1.在你吃东西的时候千万不要张着嘴咀嚼或者弄出太大的声音。

2.不要把食物吐在任何地方，如果你嘴里有骨头，用你的手指把它们取出来放在你的盘子边缘，千万不要

放在桌子或地板上。

3.不要大声打嗝，如果你打嗝了，一定要平静地说：“请原谅」

4.不要伸手到你旁边的人那里，让人把你想要的东西递过来。

5.不要食物一端上来就去碰，你应该等待主人或女主人有所表示。

下面两幅图对大家理解西方的餐桌礼仪是很有帮助的。

Chnmpngjnc

Dinnor

spcci，

Picture1

S5otipspoon

♦Exercises:Picture2

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisUNTRUE?

A.Thesaladforkisfarthestfromyourplateontheleft.

B.Thesoupspoonisclosesttoyourplateontheright.

C.Thedinnerforkisbesidethesaladforkontheleft.

D.Thedessertspoonandforkareabovetheplateorbroughtoutwithdessert.

2.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheAmericanstyle(AS)andtheEuropeanstyle(ES)?

A.CutwiththeknifeintherighthandinASwhileinthelefthandnES.

B.CutwiththeforkinthelefthandinASwhileintherighthandinES.

C.EatwiththeforktinesfacingupinASwhilethetinesfacingdov/ninES.

D.EatwiththeforkinyourrighthandinASwhileinyourlefthandinES.

3.Whenyoufinishyourdinner,youshould.

A.putyourplateawayfromyou

B.placetheusedsilverwarebackonthetable

C.layyourforkandknifediagonallyacrossyourplate

D.leavetheusedspooninthecu3

4.Ifyoubelchoutbyaccident,youshould.

A.keepsilent

B.leavethetableandgoout

C.laughandapologizetoothers

D.say"Excuseme"quietly

5.Thepurposeoftheauthor'swritingthepassageis.

A.totellussomethingaboutthetablemannersinwesterncountries

B.toshowusthedifferencesbetweenAmericanandEuropeantaolemanners

C.tointroducethewesternculturestous

D.toattractustogoforadinnerinahigh-classrestaurant

♦KeysandExplanations:

1-5BDCDA

1.选B。细节理解题。由第二段第五句可知汤勺是在最右边，所以应该离盘子最远，故B项错误。

2.选D。细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知欧式使用刀叉的方法其它方面和美式差不多，只不过最后吃

东西的时候仍然用左手持叉，不用换到右手里而已，故D项正确。

3.选C。细节理解题。由第四段第三句可知通常表示已经吃好了的方式是把刀叉斜对着放在盘子上，故C

项正确：A、B、D项都是不应该做的事。

4.选D。细节理解题。由文章倒数第三句可知如果不小心打了隔，一定要平静地说：“请原谅。”故D项正

确。

5.选A。主旨大意题。本文主要向我们讲述了西方国家的餐桌礼仪，故A项正确；B项只概括了第三段的

内容；C项表意不清，西方文化是一个很广泛的概念，而餐桌礼仪不过是其中内容之一；D项和作者写

作意图没有任何关系。

16.BritishPubCulture英国的酒吧文化

VisitorstoBritainmayfindthebestplacetoknowaboutlocalcultureisinatraditionalpub.Butthese

friendlyinnscanbeminefieldsofpossibleclumsysocialerrorfortheinexperienced.

AnanthropologistandateamofresearchershavedisclosedsomeofthemysteriousritualsofBritish

pubs-startingwiththedifficultyofgettingadrink.Mostpubshavenowaiters-youhavetogotothebartobuy

drinks.AgroupofItalianyouthswaiting45minutesbeforetheyrealizedtheywouldhavetofetchtheirown.This

maysoundinconvenient,butthereisahiddenpurpose.

Pubcultureisdesignedtopromotesociabilityinasocietyknownforitsreserve.Standingatthebarfor

serviceallowsyoutochatwithotherswaitingtobeserved.ThebarcounterispossiblytheonlysiteintheBritish

Islesinwhichfriendlyconversationwithstrangersisconsideredentirelyappropriateandreallyquitenormal

behavior."Ifyouhaven'tbeentoapub,youhaven'tbeentoBritain."Thistipcanbefoundinabooklet,Passport

tothePub:TheTourists'GuidetoPubEtiquette,acustomers'codeofconductforthosewantingtosample"a

centralpartofBritishlifeandculture".Thetroubleisthatifyoudonotfollowthelocalrules,theexperiencemay

fallflat.Forexample,ifyouareinabiggroup,itisbestifonlyoneortwopeoplegotobuythedrinks.Nothing

irritatestheregularcustomersandbarstaffmorethanagangof

strangersblockingallaccesstothebarwhiletheychatandditherabout

toorder.(275words)

Helper:

inns小酒店minefield［'mainfi:ld］雷区clumsy不得

体的

anthropologisUaenBraSladjist］人类学家disclose披露,揭露ritual『ritju训例行，习惯

promote促进reserve保守booklet指南，小册子

etiquette［eti'ket］礼节sample取样，领略fallflat完全失败;全无效果

iiritate［'iriteit］激怒barstaff酒保ditherJ'didaL犹豫不定

♦Exercises:

从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案.

1.TheexamplethatagroupofItalianyouthswaiting45minutesbeforetheyrealizedtheywouldhavetofetch

theirownsuggeststhat.

A.theyarenotfamiliarwithaBritishpub

E.theserviceinthepubisterrible

C.foreignersarenotwelcome

D.thereareculturalshocksbetweendifferentnations

2.IfyougotoapubinEngland,.

A.youcanhaveafriendlyconversationwithstrangers

E.thewaiterswillserveyouimmediately

C.youcanwaitpatientlyforyourservice

D.youhadbetternottalktostrangers

3.Fromthispassageweknowthatpubscontributeto.

A.changingtraditionsB.restoringtraditions

C.promotingsociabilityD.promotinginternationalassociations

4."Ifyouhaven'tbeentoapub,youhaven'tbeentoBritain."meansit'saplacewhere.

A.youcanexperiencelocalcultureB.youcangettoknowlocalpeople

C.youcanmeetwithfamouspeopleD.youcanlearnStandardEnglish

5.Amongthefollowingstatements,thetrueoneis.

A.atraditionalpubusuallydoesn'twelcomeforeigners

E.ifyoudonotfollowthelocalrcles,youaren'tallowedintoapub

C.youarealwayssupposedtobuyyourowndrinksinapub

D.apubisnotjustaplacetodrink,itisauniquesocialcentre

♦BriefIntroduction:

访问英国的人会发现传统英国酒吧是最能领略当地文化的地方。但对于初来乍到的异国人来说，这些

友善的酒吧却犹如潜藏着有惹事危险的”地雷区，

一位人类学家和一组研究人员揭示了某些