中国文化英语教程复习题及答案

I.ChineseCulturalTerms:6.茉莉花茶jasminetea7.八大菜系eightmajorschoolsofcuisine/8RegionalChineseCuisines茶具teaset10.紫砂壶boccaroteapot14.佛跳墙BuddhaJumpingtheWall21.甲骨文oracle-boneinscription/oracle-bonescript22.篆文sealcharacter/sealscript23.文房四宝fourtreasuresofstudy24.丝绸之路theSilkRoad25.海上丝绸之路theMaritimesilkroad26.一带一路倡议TheBeltandRoadInitiative27.西域theWesternregions28.敦煌石窟theDunhuangGrottoes29.春秋时期theSpringandAutumnPeriod30.方块象形文字thesquare-shapedpictographiccharacter31.颜(真卿)体theYanstyle32.民间艺术folkarts33.年画NewYearpictures35.皮影戏shadowplay36.苏绣SuhouEmbroidery37.造纸术papermakingting39.佛经Buddhistscripture40.行书runningscript/semi-cursivescript41.草书cursivescript42.楷书regularscript/standardscript43.隶书officialscript/clericalscriptk45.六艺：礼乐射御书数“sixarts”:ritual,music,archery,carriagedriving,calligraphy,andmathematics46.毛笔thewritingbrush47.宣纸xuanpaper/ricepaper50.繁体字complexcharacters/traditionalcharacters51.中国结Chineseknotsm53.国徽nationalemblem国歌nationalanthemII.Multiplechoices(每题三个选项中选一个最佳答案)1)WhichofthefollowingisirrelevanttothepictographicsymbolsofChinesecharacters?(下列哪项与汉字的象形符号无关？)___AAspiration.吸Imagination.想象Creativity.创造力Allusion.典故WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthenameofFudanUniversit(y关于复旦大学的名称，下列哪个陈述是正确的？)___DThecharactersbothstandfor"thesunrisingonthehorizon"这.些字符都代表着“太阳在地平线上升起”ThenameistakenfromaChineseclassicalpoem.这个名字取自中国古典歌Thenameencouragesthestudentstogetupearlyinthemorning.这个名字鼓励学生早上早起Thecharactersareintendedtotellthestudentstomakeprogressdaybyday.这些字旨在让学生们一天天地进步3)Whichofthefollowinglanguagesmostlyconsistsoflanguagepictures(下列语言中哪一种主要由语言图片组成？)?B___MandarinChinese.普通话HieroglyphsofancientEgypt.古埃及的象形文字Oracle-boneinscription.甲骨文Sealcharacters.篆书4)Thesymbolfor“swimming”isclosestto(“游泳”的符号最接近的是)___.Coracle-boneinscription甲骨文MandarinChinese普通话sealcharacters篆书noneoftheabove没有选项5)Thesymbolfor“athletics”containstheingredientsof(“运动”的符号包含了)___.Adancingandrunning跳舞、跑步runningandswinging跑步和摆动dancingandswinging跳舞和摆动triathlonandfootball铁人三项和足球6)AllthefollowingarethetitlesofConfuciusexcep(t以下孔子的头衔除了)___.Baneducator一个教育家Abiologist一个生物学家Ascholar有识之士Aphilosopher一个哲学家7)Theexpression“filialpiety”mostprobablymeansbeing(“孝”的意思很可能是指)___.DLoyaltothestate忠于国家Obedienttosister(s)听姐姐的话Responsibleforthefamily对家庭负责Dutifultoparents孝顺父母8)WhichoffollowingcanbestdescribeConfucius’viewontherelationshipbetweenmanandnature(下面哪一个最能说明孔子对人与自然关系的看法？)___.DBrothers兄弟Husbandandwife夫妇Doctorandpatient医生和病人Motherandson母子9)Throughburialandancestralworshiprituals,peoplecanlearnthat(通过丧葬和祭祖仪式，人们可以了解到。)___.BNatureislifelesssoitwillneverdie自然是没有生命的，所以它永远不会死。Individual’slifecanbeeverlastingbyjoiningnature人的一生可以通过自。Theyshouldbegratefultotheirparentsforgivingthemlives他们应该感谢父母给了他们生命。Individual’slifespanisshort,sotheyshouldenjoylifeasmuchaspossible每个人的寿命都很短，所以他们应该尽可能地享受生活。10)WhichoffollowingisthemostimportantpartofConfucius’curriculum?(下列哪一项是孔子课程最重要的部分？)___.Ccalligraphy书法virtue美德Mathematics数学reflects(子路，你和公西迟的愿望代表了___，而曾点的反映了)___.DPersonalambition;selfishness个人的野心;自私Loftyideals;meaninglesspursuit远大的志向；毫无意义的追求Personalstruggle;generouscontribution个人奋斗;慷慨的奉献Individualcontributiontosociety;harmony个人对社会的贡献;和谐12)Whichofthefollowingcancoveralltheconnotationsoftheartofwritin下列哪一项可以涵盖书写艺术的所有内涵？)___.Dcalligraphy美术字(体);书法，笔迹penmanship书写艺术，书法，书写技巧handwriting书法，手书Noneoftheabove以上都不是13)HowwasChinesecalligraphydisplayedbyLinHuaimin(林怀民是如何展现中国书法的)___.ABydance通过舞蹈Byscript通过剧本Bymusic通过音乐Bybrush用刷子14)WhatcanweinferfromtheexampleofZhangXu(我们可以从张旭的例子中推断出什么？)___.DHedidnothingbutpracticehisrunning-cursivescriptallday他整天只练Helearntcalligraphybycopyingothercalligraphersofhistime他模仿他那个时代的书法家学习书法。Heoftenwatchedsworddancetolearnfromitforhiscalligraphy他经法。Hemadefastprogresswhenhediscoveredthegenuinebeautyofcalligraphy当他发现书法真正的美时，他进步很快。15)Howisthe“energy”of”one-strokecharacter”achieved(“能量”的一笔书是如何写出来的？)___.CBypressingthebrushharder通过用力按压笔刷Bywritingthecharacterwithonlyonestroke只写一个笔画bywritingthestrokesatonego写那些笔画的时候一气呵成Byconnectingthestrokesintheinterior通过连接内部的笔画16)Whichoffollowingwordscanbestsummarizethecharacteristicof“inkpig”(下面哪个词最能概括“墨猪”的特点？)___.Bvigorous有力的cumbersome笨重的heavy重的，沉重的Dense密集的，稠密的17)Thethreemostvaluablecalligraphicworksinthethree-treasurestudyincludeworksbyallthefollowingcalligraphersexcept___.DWangxizhiWangxianzhiWangxunZhangxu18)Whatcanwelearnaboutwangxizhi’scalligraphicworksaccordingtothepassage(根据这篇文章，我们可以从王羲之的书法作品中学到什么？)___.DHishandwritinglookslikeadragon他的笔迹像一条龙。Hishandwritingisheavybutvigorous他的笔迹重而有力。Prefacetothelantingpavilioncollectionishisfirstwork《兰亭集》的序部作品。Theoriginalofprefacetothelantingpavilioncollectionismissing《兰亭集序》的真迹已经不见了19)Howdidthecriterionof“beinghidden”inyanstyleoccur(颜体的“隐”的标准是怎么出现的)___.CItdawneduponyanzhenqingaccidentally颜真卿偶然发现的Yanzhenqinglearntitfromformermasters颜真卿从它原先的主人那里学Yanzhenqinggottheideafromzhangxu颜真卿是从张旭那里得到的想法Itwaspasseddownfromyan’sancestors它是颜真卿的祖宗传下来的III.Translation英译汉，汉译英(英汉互译都要掌握)重要提示：请各位同学务必复习这些段落的英译汉，以及汉BeforeConfucius,onlythenobilityhadtherighttoeducation.HewasthefirstfigureinChinesehistorytoinitiateprivateeducation.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,Confuciustaughtformanyyearsandtrained3000disciples.Atotalof72ofthemexcelledinthe”sixarts”,i.e.(也就aphy (书),andmathematics(数).Agreateducator,Confuciushasbeen开私人讲学之风气。他长期从事教育工作。据史书记载，他有弟子三千，其中通六艺的有七十二人。孔子是伟大的教育家，被后人尊称为of”non-contention”towater,todistinguishitfromthelawoftheingbutcontendsfornothingToLaozi,humanstendtoseekhigherpositionswhilewateralwaysflowstolowerplaces.Drivenbydesire,humanslikewhateverthythinkissuperiorwhiledespisingwhatevertheythinkisinferior.Yetwateralwaysflowsdownward.AsthesourceoflifewaternourishesalllivingthingsonEarth.老子说“上善若水”水具有最高的善。老子以水比喻他的“不争”在老子看来，人往高处走，水往低处流。人情受欲望驱动，好高而恶下，而水却永远往下流淌。水是生命之源，可以滋润万物，给大地带3.Unit5,page43,para.1Protectionoftheeco-environmentiscapturingwiderinternationalattentiontoday.Eco-ethicsandeco-philosophyhaveariseninthefaceoftheincreasinglyseriousecologicalcrisisfacingthewholeworld.Scholarsinthefieldpointoutthathumandamagetothenaturalenvironmenthasacceleratedtosuchanextentastothreatentheveryexistenceofhumanbeingsthemselves.危机，国际上出现了生态伦理学和生态哲学。学者们强调指出，人类SomepictographicsymbolsofChinesecharactersexpresspeople’skeenobservationandexperienceoftheworld.ThisiswhysomeEuropeanpoetshavefoundChinesecharactersinspiringtotheirimagination.EzraPound,forexample,waswellknownforhisadmirationofChinesecharacters,fromwhichhewasabletodrawcreativity.Whenhesawthe他的创造力。eparaTheSilkRoadfunctionednotonlyasatraderoute,butalsoasabridgethatlinkedtheancientcivilizationsofChina,India,theMesopotamianplains,Egypt,andGreece.Italsohelpedtopromotetheexchangeofscienceandtechnologybetweeneastandwest.TheSilkRoadservedasthemainchannelforancientChinatoopenuptotheoutsideworld,aswellasforfreshimpulsesfromotherculturestoenterthecountry,whichcontributedasignificantsharetotheshapingofChineseculture.度文明，埃及文明，希腊文明和美索不达米亚文明的纽带。它也为东tomeetfriendsfromafar?””Afar”impliesdifferentwaysoflifeandphilosophies,Confucius’attitudeshowsthattheChinesehavealwayshighlyrespectedfriendsfromalongwayoffandaspiredtolearnfromthem.Atthesametime,thereexistedthewishtopresentagoodimagetooutsiders.ThereisanotherusefulquotationfromTheAnalects:”Magistrate(地方行政官)ZigaooftheYeCountyaskedaboutgovernance.Confuciusreplied,’Goodgovernancemakesone’sneighborshappyandattractspeoplefromfarawayplacestocomeandlearnfrom“远方”提示着生活方式和思想观念的差异。孔子的态度也表明了TheprosperousTangDynastybestexemplifiedtheopenandinclusivespiritofChinesecultureasadvocatedbyConfucius.Insteadofdenialorconfrontation,theTang,fromthereignofEmperorTaizongonwards,toleratedandabsorbedelementsfromallculturesthatitcameintocontactwith,leadingtoprosperityinallaspectsofsociallife.pageparaComparedwiththeseexplorers,ZhengHe’svoyagestookplacemuchearlierandonamuchlargerscale.OneachofthesevenvoyagestotheWesternSeas,hisfleetconsistedofmorethan100ships,with62largeandmedium-sizedshipsformingthemainbody.Crewsandotherpersonneladdeduptomorethan20000.Columbus’fleethadonlythreeshipsandan88-membercrew.Obviously,ZhengHe’sfleetswereunparalleledduringhistimeintermsofsize,navigationtechnology,organizationandpableofmakingthosesuccessfullongtrips.与这些人类航海史的创举相比，郑和下西洋，时间上比他们早，规模上也比他们大得多，郑和每次下西洋，船队都由一二百艘船组成，其上船员及其他人员总共两万航的规模之大，技术之先进，组织之严密，设施之便利都是同时代其Today,anyonewhoknowsalittlebitaboutChinesecultureusuallyknowsaboutChinesecalligraphy.Thisuniqueartisrelatedtowriting,butspeaksofmuchmorethansimple,evenattractive,penmanship.Actually,althoughweuse“calligraphy”torefertothisartofwriting,thisEnglishwordisunabletocoverallitsconnotations.就是书法艺术了。事实上，尽管我们使用英语calligraphy一词来指Unitpage1,para.2;CloisonneisatraditionalartwidelyknowninandoutsideChina.ItisakindofsuperblocalexpertisefromBeijing,whichcombinestheskillsofbronzeart,porcelain,carving,andothertypesoffolkarts.Itisdeemedvaluableintheeyesofcollectors,aswellasprovidingrefinedornamentsfordailyuse.作技巧于一身，是一门道地的北京绝活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，又SpringFestival(orChineseNewYear)isthemostimportanttraditionalfestivalinChina.Peoplecelebrateitwithlanternsandstreamers,nomatterwheretheylive,inthecountrysideorinthecity.NewYearpicturesareanindispensablepartofthiscelebrationforeachandeveryhousehold.PeopleputupNewYearPicturesintheirhomestoenhancethelivelyfestiveatmosphere.春节是中国最重要的传统节日，一到春节，无论城市农村，人们都要MostNewYearpicturesfeaturedesignssymbolizinggoodfortune,auspiciousness(吉利)andfestivity.ApopularNewYearpictureentitledSurplusinSuccessiveYearsdepictsacuteplumpbabyholdingabigcarp(鲤鱼)inhisarmsandabouquetoflotusflowersinhishand.”Fish”and”surplus”inChinesehavethesamepronunciation(yu).Throughthehomophony(同音异义)ofthetwowords,peopleexpresstheirwishesforaffluent(富裕的)lives.画《连年有鱼》，画一个可爱的胖娃娃，，怀里抱着一条大鲤鱼，手ItiswidelyacknowledgedthatfromMingandQingdynastiesonwards,thereareeightmajorschoolsofcuisinebasedonregionalcooking.theycamefromShandong,Sichuan,Guangdong,Fujian,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hunan,andAnhuiprovinces.Inadditiontothesetraditionalcuisines,theculinaryindustryinChinahasundergonegreatchanges,asalmosteveryplacehasitsownlocalspecialties,andthedifferentcuisinesTeaisawonderfulbeverageoriginallyproducedinChinaabout4000yearsago.DuringtheTangDynasty,JapanesemonksintroducedteaseedstoJapan,andbycombiningteawithZenBuddhism,createdtheworld-famousJapaneseteaceremony.Inthe17thcentury,theDutchtooktoEuropetheChinesehabitofteadrinking,whichthenbecameatraditionoftheEuropeans.InEnglandinparticular,peopledevelopedthecustomofafternoontea.Priortothe19thcentury,alltheteaintheworldwasgrowninChina,andeventheEnglishword“tea”wasatransliteration(音译)ofthepronunciationof“tea”intheFujiandialectofChina.TeaisanimportantcontributionoftheChinesepeopletotheworld.饮茶的习惯。唐代时，日本的僧人从中国引入茶种，与同时引入的禅宗思想相结合，形成了闻名世界的日本茶道。17世纪时荷兰人将中都来自中国。英文中茶叶译为tea,就是根据中文的音译(福建方言“茶”的读音)。茶，是中国人对世界的重要贡献。IV.ShortAnswerquestionsdTheSilkRoadfunctionednotonlyasatraderoute,butalsoasabridgethatlinkedtheancientcivilizationsofChina,India,theMesopotamianplains,Egypt,andGreece.Italsohelpedtopromotetheexchangeofscienceandtechnologybetweeneastandwest.TheSilkRoadservedasthemainchannelforancientChinatoopenuptotheoutsideworld,aswellasforfreshimpulsesfromotherculturestoenterthecountry,whichcontributedasignificantsharetotheshapingofChineseculture.印度文明，埃及文明，希腊文明和美索不达米亚文明的纽带。它也为是什么意思？)?Confuciusregarded“filialpietyandfraternalduty”astheessenceofren.TheDoctrineoftheMean(Zhongyong)quotesConfuciusassaying,“Thegreatestloveforpeopleistheloveofone’sparents.”最伟大的爱是父母的爱。”Howdoyouunderstandit(你是怎么理解的？)?Ithinkfilialpietyisthebasisofbeingaman,andparentsarethemostimportantpeopleintheworld.Ourlifeisgivenbyourparents,andweshouldalwaysbegratefultoourparents.我认为孝顺是成为人的基础，父母是世界上最重要的人。我们的illustrateitwithanexample(儒家“生命”哲学强调什么？请举例说明。).alllivingthingsareemphasized.。4.WhatistheattitudeoftheTangDynastytowardothercultures(唐代对其他文化的态度如何？)?TangDynastytoleratedandabsorbedelementsfromallforeigncultures. 代的欧洲探险家相比最伟大的？)?Becausecomparedwiththoseexplorers,ZhengHe’svoyagestookplacemuchearlierandonamuchlargerscale.AndZhengHe’sshipswerealsoconstructedwithadvancedtechnologyandcraft.行时间更早，规模更大，郑6.What’sthemeaningof“ren”(仁)(benevolence)accordingto“loveforone’sparents”.nkingtea喝茶的重要因素是什么？)?TheChineseattachgreatimportancetothewater,tealeaves,teasetandfire,whenmakinganddrinkingtea.什么唐代长安被认为是当时世界上最大、最繁荣的国际城市？)?italChangancouldbesaidtobethelargestmetropolisintheworldatthetimebecauseofitsenormoussize,largepopulationandlargenumberofforeignvisitors.唐代长安城规模巨大，人口众多，外来游人众多，可以说是当时likewater么理解上善若水的).“Waternourisheseverythingbutcontendsfornothing”.ToLaozi,humanstendtoseekhigherpositionswhilewateralwaysflowstolowerplaces.Drivenbydesire,humanslikewhatevertheythinkissuperiorwhiledespisingwhatevertheythinkisinferior.Yetwateralwaysflowsdownward.AsthesourceoflifewaternourishesalllivingthingsonEarth.“水善万物而不争。”在老子看来，人往高处走，水往低处流。人和舞蹈有什么共同点？)?BothChinesecalligraphyanddanceinvolvemovementswhichareswift,smoothandelegant,slow,gentleandenchanting.“personsofvirtue”shouldhavesoundcharacterandupliftedminds.Suchpersonsshouldbeabletoshoulderimportantsocialresponsibilitiesandtomakecontributionstosociety.Confuciusregardedloftyideals,greatvirtue,loveofpeople,andthe“sixarts”asthegeneralprinciplesofeducation.Ofthese,virtuewasthemostimportant.“品德人”要有健全的人格和清醒的头脑，这样的人才能承担起对人民的热爱，和“六艺”作为教育的基本原则。其中，美德是最重(郑和下西洋的任务是什么？)?WhenEmperorYonglesentZhengHeonthemissionstotheWesternSeas,heexpectedtoshowofftheprosperityoftheMingEmpireaswellastoputhisidealsintopractice,ofmakingfriendswithandspreadingpeacetoothercountriesnearandfar.永乐皇帝派郑和下西洋，一方面是为了在世人面前显示大明帝国的强盛，另一方面也是为了实现和顺万邦，与远近各国相安无事，以13.Whatdoestheancientsilkroadreferto(古丝绸之路指的是什么？)?TheSilkRoadreferstoatransportrouteconnectingancientChinawithCentralAsia,WestAsia,Africa,andtheEuropeancontinent.Itappearedasearlyasthesecondcenturyandwastraveledmainlybysilkmerchants.?inesecalligraphyisauniqueartThelineisthefoundationisalsothecalligraphercalligraphyemotion,spirit,temperamentandself-cultivationtorevealthemedia.CalligraphyisaveryimportantpartofChineseroughcalligraphywecanalsoseetheChineseoutlookontheworldandthevalues.也是书法家表情达意,精神、气质和学养得以流露的媒介。书法是中华文化中非字的书写成为一门艺术？)?TheevolutionofChinesecalligraphyhasbenefitedfromtwofactors:oneisthesquareshapedpictographiccharacters,whosebeautifulformsprovidedpreliminaryconditionsfortheartofcalligraphy;andtheotheristhewritingbrush,animportantinventioninthehistoryofChinesecultureandthebasisforcalligraphytogerminateanddevelop.字，其美的1.Intheearly20thcentury,PortraitofanItalianQueenbythecelebratedSuzhouembroidererShenYunzhi(birthanddeathdatesunknown)waspresentedtoItalyasastategift;上世纪第二十年代初，由著名的苏州刺绣艺术家沈云志创作的意大利女王(出生和死亡日期未知)的肖像作为国礼送给了意大利；bundantinsilkandpeoplehereandinthesurroundingareasareknownfortheirmeticulousworkstyle.苏州丝绸资源丰富，这里的人民和周边地区以其一丝不苟的工作h的所有文化的元素的？)?Insteadofdenialorconfrontation,theTang,fromthereignofEmperorTaizongonwards,toleratedandabsorbedelementsfromallculturesthatitcameintocontactwith,leadingtoprosperityinallaspectsofsociallife.唐朝，从唐太宗统治起，容纳和吸收各种接触到的文化元素而不TangDynastyhavealwayshighlyrespectedfriendsfromalongwayoffandaspiredtolearnfromthem.Atthesametime,thereexistedthewishtopresentagoodimagetooutsiders.唐朝历来很尊敬远方的朋友，并且渴望从中学习。同时，也存在是什么？)?Toteadrinkers,thefirstandforemostpleasurederivedfromdrinkingteais“cleaning”;thesecondimportantfacetisthatof“seekingspect对饮茶者来说，饮茶最主要的乐趣是“清洁”；第二个重要方面。MarchoftheVolunteers义勇军进行曲theGrandCanalbetweenBeijingandHangzhou京杭descendantsofYanandHuang炎黄子孙specialadministrativeregion特别行政区onecountry,twosystems一国两制banningallschoolsofthoughtexceptConfucianism罢黜Buddhistscriptures佛经threeobediencesandfourvirtues三从四德theKoran古兰经WhentheEightImmortalscrossthesea,eachdemonstratestheirdivinepower八.仙过海philosophicalprose诸子散文literarycriticism文学评论SoftandTunefulSchool婉约派FourGreatClassicalNovels四大名著theNobelPriceforLiterature诺贝尔文学奖regularscript楷书FourTreasuresoftheStudy文房四宝crosstalk相声shadowplay皮影戏pluckedinstrument弦乐器PreliminaryEve小年GoldenWeek黄金周SpringFestivalGala春节联欢晚会DoubleSeventhFestival七夕节autonomousprefecture自治州eightregionalcuisines八大菜系double-stewedsoup老火靓汤oolongtea乌龙茶arm-crossedwine交杯酒ABiteofChina舌尖上的中国SilkRoad丝绸之路paddy-fieldcostume稻田装batikorwaxpainting蜡染Chinesetunicsuit中山装betrothalgift订婚礼物和加拿大，居世界第三位。中国地形特征复杂多变，西部为高原，东部为平原。山地和丘陵四季分明，适宜人类居住。LocatedintheeastoftheAsiancontinent,onthewesternshorethePacificOcean,thePRChasalandareaofabout9.6millionsquarekilometres,andisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld.nextonlytoRussiaandCanada.Chinaisacountryintheworldofvariedtopographicalfeatureswithhighlandsinthewestandplainsintheeast.Mountainouslandandveryroughterrainsmakeupabout67%ofChineseterritory,basinsandplansabout33%.Mostofliesinthenorthtemperatezone,characterisedbyawarmclimateanddistinctiveseasons,aclimatewellsuitedforhabitation.选择自己的宗教信仰和表明自己的宗教身份。Chinaisamulti-religioncountry.thereligionsthatarebelievedbyChinesepeoplearemainlyTaoism,Buddhism,Islam,CatholicismandChristianity.amongwhichTaoismisindigenoustoChinawhiletheothersareofforeignorigin.Chinesecitizensmayfreelychoosetheirreligiousbeliefsandmakeclearaffiliations.的特点，这些诗歌可以划分三类：风雅颂。《诗经》中的诗歌多以四言为主，表现手法主要后代文学的影响非常深远。TheBookofSongs.thefirstanthologyofpoetryinchina.includes305poemsfortheearlyWestern,zhoudynastytothemiddleofspringandautumnperiod.Inthelightoftheirrhythmstheworkscanbedividedintothreesections:fengyasong.ThepoemsinTheBookofSongsaremainlywritteninfour-characterlines.Intermsofitswritingtechnique,itcanbeclassifiedintofubiandxingAsthestartingpointofChineseliterature,TheBookofSongshasgreatinfluenceontheliteraryworksoflatergenerations京剧有200多年历史，在中国的传统戏曲剧种中最为有名。在表演中，演员根据活动来表示开门、上楼、划船、骑马等动作。BeijingOpera,whichhasahistoryofmorethan200years，enjoysthegreatestreputationamongChina’straditionaloperas.InBeijingOpera,performersweardifferenttypesofmake-upaccordingtothecharacterstheyperform.Singingrecitation,actingandacrobaticfightingarethefourmajorartisticmeansandthefourbasicskillsofBeijingOpera.EachactionofaBeijingOperaperformersishighlysymbolic.Gestures,footwork,andotherbodymovementscanexpresstheactionssuchasopeningadoor,gongingupstairs,rowingaboat,ridingahorse,etc.春节是中国农历年的岁首，是最隆重的传统节日。春节的习俗很多，如放鞭炮、贴春联、#大年、吃饺子等。春节期间，各地还会举办各种庆祝活动，其中传统庙会活动会一直持续很TheSpringFestivalisChina’smostimportanttraditionalfestivalthatfallsonthefirstdayfirstlunarmonth.Therearemanycustomsobservedduringthisfestivalsuchasburningfirecracker,pastingSpringFestivalcouplets,payingNewYearvisits,eatingdumplings,etc.Therearevariouscelebrationsinthedifferentplacesduringthisfestival,amongwhichtraditionaltemplefairslastfordays.物产以及风俗习惯的差异，形成了以鲁菜、川菜、粤菜、闽菜、苏菜、浙菜、徽菜、湘菜为代表的八大菜系。中国菜讲究色、香、味，其中以味最为重要。中国的菜五花八门，著名的菜肴名称背后都有段生动的故事，这为中国的饮食文化平添了几分的神秘色彩。ThereisanoldsayinginChina.”foodiswhatmattersmosttopeople”.ItillustratethesignificantrolefoodplaysinthelifeofChinesepeople.Asavastcountrywithdiverseclimates.andcustomChinaisknowntohaveeightregionalcuisineswhichincludeShangdongSichuan,Guangdong,Fujian,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,anhui,andhunancuisines.TherearethreeessentialstandardbywhichChinesecookingisjudged,namelycolour,aroma,andtaste,withtastebeingthemostimportant.ThenamesofChinesedishesaremanyandvarious.ThereareinterestingstoriesbehindthenamesfamousChinesedishes,whichaddtothemystiqueofChinesefoodculture.舞台上，中国的唐装、旗袍、中山装等仍是深受欢迎，成为许多的顶级大师们的灵感源泉。中国的刺绣和蜡染等民族艺术也深深的吸引了海内外的游客。AsavitalpartofChinesecivilisation,traditionalChinesecostumesandadornmentspalyanimportmentroleinthecountry‘shistoryandculture.Onthestageoffashion,theTangcostume.cheongsam,andChinesetunicsuithavestillbeenpopular;andtheyhavebecomethesourceofinspirationsformanytopfashiondesigners.Embroidery,batik,andothertraditionalChinesefolkartshavealsoattractedtouristsathomeandabroad.中秋节InChian,theMid-AutumnFestivalisoneofthemostimportantfestivals.TalkingofthetraditionsaboutMid-AutumnFestival,ItisagreatchanceforChinesefamiliestosittogether,enjoyingthebeautifulroundmoonandhand-madedeliciousmooncakes.JustlikeothertraditionalfestivalsinChina,themainpurposeofMid-Autumnisnottoenjoythemeals,ortoappreciatethebeautifulviews.Infact,it’sthefeelingoffamilythatmakesthisfestivalsoimportanttoChinese,andthat’sthereasonwhyweloveit.春节春节SpringSpringFestivaldaythatthefamiliesgettogether.ChinesepeoplemostliketheSpringFestival.ThespringfestivalisusuallyintheFebruary,.Inthespringfestival,everyfamilyallpastethelucky,SpringFestivalcoupletsandtheyfirethecracker,theyeatthedumplings,wearehavemakedumplingsit,isverydelicious.playingfireworksintheopenair.MybrotherandIplayedfireworksonthatday.Wehadmanyfireworks..thefamiliesgettogethertohavethenewyear'sdinner,wisheachother,talkaboutthewishesaboutthenewyear.SmallIhopemakeprogressinstudyandeveryoneinfamilieshappy.wearereceivethemoneygiventothemasalunarnewyeargift.llikeitverymuch元旦chinesenewyearchinesenewyearisachinesetraditionalfestival.wealsocallitthespringfestival.itisonlunarjanuary1st.onnewyear’seve,allthepeoplesitaroundthedeskandhaveabigfamilydinner.therearesomevegetables,somefish,somemeat,somefruitsandsomedrinklikejuice,coke,pepsiandsomenicewine.overall,thisisagoodanddeliciousdinner.afterdinner,wealwayswatchtvnewyearprogammes.wehaveawonderfuleveningonnewyear’seve.onthefirstdayofthespringfestival,mostofpeoplegetupearlyandsay“happynewyear”toeachother.forbreakfast,peopleofteneatdumplingsandbaozi.afterbreakfast,peopleoftenmakemanydeliciousfoods,andchildrenoftenplaycards,computergamesandfireworks.onthesecondandthirdday,wevisitfriendsandrelatives.everyoneisbusyonchinesenewyear,andeveryoneishappy,too.红楼梦ADreamoftheRedMansionsbyCaoXueqinreachedthepinnacleofclassicalChinesenovels.IthasacknowledgeasthegreatestnovelinChineseliterature.Thewriterwasbornintoanobleandpowerfulfamily,whichwaslaterreducedtopovertyfromextremeprosperity.Hisnoveldescribestheprosperityanddeclineofalargeleudalfamily.ThecentralthreadofnovelisthetragiclovestorybetweenJiaBaoyuandliandaiyu.Insteadofjusttellingthelovestory,ittapssocialoriginsofthetragedythroughprobingdeeplyintothecharacters’mindsandcomplicatedrelationships,Thecharacterjiabaoyulindaiyu,xuebaochasisterfengandGrannyliuhavebecomeartisticfiguresoflastingcharm.。下面itutionofthepeoplesrepublicofchinaisthefundamentallaw