Unit+4+Natural+Disasters高中英语人教版必修第一册

Unit4Naturaldisasters

ReadingandThinkingDescribeanaturaldisasterLearningObjectivesInthisclass,wewill1.readatextaboutTangshanearthquakeandgatherinformation;2.analyzethelanguagefeaturesofthetext;3.reflectonthelessonsthatwecanlearnfromtheearthquake.LeadinDiscusswhatcanhappentoacityduringabigearthquake.Thousandsofbuildingswillfalldown.Manypeoplewillbedeadorbadlyinjured.Peoplewillbeinshock.Thecitywillbeinruins.THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEPPre-readingLookatthetitleandpicturebelowandguesswhatthetextisabout.THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEPPersonification拟人

ThetextisaboutanearthquakeafterWhile-reading

Fastreading

1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

Thepassagemainlytalksabouta/an___________(what)

thathappenedin_________(where)in______(when).earthquakeTangshan19762.

What’sthetypeofthistext?A.Anewsreport.B.Aliteraryjournalism.（文学新闻）C.Anovel.Aliteraryjournalismusuallydescribesrealhistoricaleventsandrealcharacters.Theusageofthenumbersandthefiguresofspeechcaninspirereaders’feelingsandthustouchthereaders.While-reading

Para1A.Theimmediateeffectsoftheearthquake

Para2B.Warningsignsbeforetheearthquake

Para3C.Therevivalofthecity

Para4D.Therescuework

Para5E.ThehappeningofthebigearthquakeWhat’sthemainideaofeachparagraph?P51Readthepassagequickly.Findthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph.Thensummariseeachparagraphinonephrasebasedonitstopicsentence.Tips:While-readingPara1:warningsignsbeforetheearthquakesPara2:thehappeningofthebigearthquake.Para3:theimmediateeffectsoftheearthquake.Para4:therescueworkPara5:therevivalofthecity.beforetheearthquakesignsduringtheearthquake

damageaftertheearthquakerescuerevivalThetextisorganizedin________order.timeStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.Forserveraldays,thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Thereweredeepcracks

thatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsomesmellygascomingoutofit.

过去进行时repetition重复定语从句大裂缝至少难闻的非谓语作伴随状语Para1河北省东北部的农村不断有怪事发生。好几天了，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。至少一口井冒出了难闻的气味。Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat,anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefields

lookingforplacestohide,andfishjumpedoutof

thewater.Atabout3:00a.m.,on28July1976,brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity’sonemillionpeoplewereasleepasusualthatnight.太...而不能...拒绝做某事老鼠非谓语作伴随状语往外跳bedone表被动bedone表被动Para1鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安、不愿进食，狗也不愿意回房屋里去，老鼠从地里窜出来四处找地方躲藏，鱼从水里往外跳。1976年7月28日大约凌晨三点，唐山郊外的天空中出现了明亮的光，并且可以听到巨大的噪音。但那天晚上，这座城市的100万人像往常一样熟睡。像往常一样At3:42a.m,everythingbegantoshake.Itseemed

asif

theworldwerecomingtoanend!

Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!好像结束定语从句三分之一凌晨3.42分，一切开始摇晃。仿佛世界末日即将来临！20世纪最致命的地震之一就在该市正下方11千米处发生了，这次地震甚至对远在150多千米外的北京造成了损害。全国三分之一的地方均有震感。Para2Ahugecrack,eightkilometreslongand30metreswide,cut

across

houses,roads,andwaterways.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.Twothirds

ofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleft

withoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.Para2裂缝横贯水道metaphor暗喻少于；不到...在废墟中三分之二定语从句成千上万bedone表被动...的数量，谓语用单数定语从句一个八千米长、三十米宽的巨大裂缝横贯房屋，道路，和水道。石头山变成了泥沙河。不到一分钟，一座大城市躺在了废墟里。当地居住的人有三分之二死亡或受伤。成千上万的孩子失去了父母。地震中死亡或严重受伤的人数超过40万。

句式解读1．(P50)Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!仿佛世界末日即将来临！【句式剖析】本句中的asif意为“好像”，可与asthough互换。本句中的系动词seemed后接的从句为表语从句。有类似用法的动词还有look，sound等。【考点提炼】(1)asif(＝asthough)除引导表语从句外，还可以引导方式状语从句。(2)如果asif/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。(3)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词形式如下：Itlooksasif/thoughyouareilltoday.今天你看上去好像是病了。Theytalkedandtalkedasiftheywouldnevermeetagain.他们不停地谈话，好像再也不会相见了。①did/were(与现在事实相反)；②haddone(与过去事实相反)；③would/could/might＋动词原形(与将来事实相反)。[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)Lookatthecloudsinthesky!Itlooksas_________itisgoingtorain.(2)HetreatsmeasifI________(be)hisowndaughter.(3)Theytalkedasifthey________(be)friendsforyears.if/thoughwerehadbeen2．(P50)Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!全国几乎三分之一的地方均有震感！【句式剖析】本句中的“onethirdofthewholenation”为“分数＋名词”构成的短语，在句中作主语。“百分数/分数＋of＋名词/代词”构成的短语在句中作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of之后的名词或代词的单复数形式。Three-fourthsofthefamily’sincomeisfromthenon-farmingwork.这一家庭收入的四分之三来源于非农业工作。【特别提醒】当percent作名词表示“百分之……”时，不论前面的数字是多少，percent都用单数形式。[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)Onlyonethirdoftheland________(be)suitabletogrowplantsinthisarea.(2)40percentoftheworkers________(be)marriedwomen；therestaresingle.(3)Twentypercentofthecountry________(be)coveredbyislands.isareisEverywheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthecity’sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes,andallofitshospitalsweregone.Brickscoveredtheground

likeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthem

away.地点状语从句，...之处毁坏simile明喻把...吹走幸存者目及之处，无一不是废墟。城里几乎所有的东西都被毁了。大约75%的工厂和建筑，90%的房屋，以及所有的医院都消失了。残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地，但是没有风能把他们吹走。Para3Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross,therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofmetal.Tensofthousandsofcows,hundredsofthousandsofpigs,andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereinshock—-andthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.过去完成时通过铁路轨道无用的主语填...震惊倒塌宾语从句大部分桥梁倒塌或者无法安全通过，铁轨如今成了无用的金属块。数万头牛，数十万头猪和数百万只鸡死亡。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们震惊了。然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。甚至更多的建筑倒塌。水、食物和电都很难获得。人们开始在想这场灾难还会持续多久。Para32．shock

n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊(P50)Peoplewereinshock—andthen，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.人们惊恐万分，然而临近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。【用法详解】Tomyshock，suchanattackcouldhappeninthisschool.令我震惊的是，这样的袭击事件竟会发生在这所学校。【语境串记】Itgreatlyshockedhimtoheartheshockingnews.Thatistosay，hewasshockedatthenewsforIcouldseehisshockedexpression.Actually，everyonewasinshock.他听到这个令人震惊的消息，大为震惊。也就是说，他对这消息感到震惊，因为我能看见他吃惊的表情。实际上，每个人都震惊了。

[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)Iwas________(shock)tohearthathehadresigned.(2)Iwasshocked_______thissuddenchangeintheirattitude.(3)Itis________(shock)thattheaccidentcausedfourdeathsandninepeopleinjured.(4)_____________________________________thatnews.我听到那个消息后，非常震惊。

shockedatshockingItshockedmetohearButhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigout

thosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Morethan10,000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcare.

挖掘定语从句埋葬提供医疗服务但希望并没有丧失。地震后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。一万多名医生和护士前来提供医疗护理。Para4Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain,truck,andplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.避难所，临时安置点定语从句表被动，被帮助表被动，被带进呼吸Personification拟人救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。数十万人得到了帮助。水和食物被火车、卡车和飞机运进城市。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。Para43．trap

vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n．险境；陷阱(P50)Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。【用法详解】Thefarmersetatrapforratslastnight.农民昨天晚上安了一个老鼠夹子。[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)Iwastrapped_______thetrafficjamformorethan2hoursyesterday.(2)Twentyminers____________(trap)undergroundafterthegasexplosion.(3)Thewomantrappedhim________givingawaythetruth.(4)________(trap)inthemountainfortwodays，thetravellerswererescuedfinally.inweretrappedintoTrapped4．bury

vt.埋葬；安葬(P50)Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。【用法详解】(1)bury...in...把……埋到……里(2)beburiedin＝bury(oneself)in

埋头于；专心于；沉浸于She

buriedherfaceinherhandsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.当她听到那个不幸的消息时，她掩面而泣。[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)He_________(bury)inhislessonsandknewnothingabouttheoutsideworld.(2)Inthepastthreeweeks，wehavebeenburying__________(our)instudybecausetheexamisdrawingnear.(3)________inreading，hedidn’tnoticehisfathercomingintotheroom.wasburiedourselvesBuried5．breathe

vi.&vt.呼吸(P50)Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。Heheldhisbreathwhiletheresultswerereadout.宣读结果时，他屏住了呼吸。[针对练习]完成句子(1)Please_______________________forfiveseconds，andthen________________slowly.请你屏住呼吸五秒钟，然后慢慢呼出。

(2)Iwas_____________________afterrunningupthestairs.我跑上楼后上气不接下气。(3)MsLi__________________________________andthenbeganherspeech.李女士深吸一口气，然后开始了她的演讲。holdyourbreathbreatheoutoutofbreathtookadeepbreathTangshanstartedtoreviveitself

and

getbackuponitsfeet.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandtirelesseffortsofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbecome

ahometo

morethansevenmillionpeople,withgreatimprovementsintransportation,industry,andenvironment.Para5复活,复苏重新站了起来不懈的努力表被动...的家园唐山开始复苏，重新站了起来。在政府的大力支持下，在全市人民的不懈努力下，一个新的唐山在地震废墟上建成了。随着交通、工业和环境的极大改善，这座新城市已经成为700多万人的家园。TangshancityhasprovedtoChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.Para5给...证明唐山市向中国和世界的其他地方证明，在灾难面前，人民必须团结起来，拿出智慧，保持积极的心态，重建更美好的未来。6．effort

n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力(P50)Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity’speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.有了来自政府的大力支