ASTM 标准 D 3363 - 05铅笔试验测定漆膜硬度的方法

Designation:Designation:D3363–PAGE1of铅笔试验测定漆膜硬度的方法StandardTestMethodFilmHardnessbyPencilD3363发布，紧接着名称后的数字表示的是通过该标准的原始时间或是修订该标准的最ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD3363;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastre-approvalAsuperscriptepsilon(eindicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionor Thistestmethodcoversaprocedureforrapidinexpensivedeterminationofthefilmhardnessofanorganiccoatingonasubstrateintermsofdrawingleadsorpencilleadsofknownhardness.Thistestmethodissimilarincontent(butnottechnicallyequivalent)toISOThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Referenced其它OtherISO15184,DeterminationoffilmhardnessbypencilSummaryofTest Acoatedpanelisplacedonafirmhorizontalsurface.Thepencilisheldfirmlyagainstthefilmata45°angle(pointawayfromtheoperator)andpushedawayfromtheoperatorina6.5-mm(1⁄4-in.)stroke.Theprocessisstartedwiththehardestpencilandcontinueddownthescaleofhardnesstoeitheroftwoendpoints:one,thepencilthatwillnotcutintoorgougethefilm(pencilhardness),ortwo,thepencilthatwillnotscratchthefilm(scratchhardness).SignificanceandPencilhardnessmeasurementshavebeenusedbythecoatingsindustryformanyyearstodeterminethehardnessofclearandpigmentedorganiccoatingfilms.Thistestmethodhasalsobeenusedtodeterminethecureofthesecoatings,especiallywhenforceddriedusingheat. Thistestmethodisespeciallyusefulindevelopmentalworkandinproductioncontroltestinginasinglelaboratory.Itshouldberecognizedthattheresultsobtainedmayvarybetweendifferentlaboratorieswhendifferentpencilsaswellaspanelsareused.Everyeffortshouldbemadetostandardizethehardnessoftheleadusedandthetechniquefollowed. Ifthistestmethodisusedasabasisforpurchaseagreement,maximumprecisionwillbeachievedifasetofrefereepencilsbeagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandtheAsetofcalibrateddrawingleads(preferred)orequivalentcalibratedwoodpencilsmeetingthefollowingscaleofhardness:软件 硬件

ThedifferencebetweentwoadjacentleadsshallbeconsideredoneunitofMechanicalLeadHolder,fordrawingleadsifMechanicalSharpener,draftsman-type,ishelpfulfortrimmingwoodpencilsifAbrasivePaper,gritNo.TestSpecimensand Applythesurfacecoatingbyappropriatemeanstoasmoothrigidsubstrateandcureproperly,oruserepresentativepanelscutfromcoatedstock.Thepanelsused,thecuringconditions,andtheageofthecoatingpriortothetestshallbewithinthelimitsagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandtheseller.ThefilmthicknessofthecoatingshallbeasspecifiedorasagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandtheConductthetestat2362°C(73.563.5°F)and5065%relative 木质铅笔，从木头尖端削除约5~6mm（3/6~1/4英寸）的木头。小心的使用机械削笔器削出完整的、无Forwoodpencils,removeapproximately5to6mm(3⁄16to1⁄4in.)ofwoodfromthepointofeachpencilusingadraftsman-typemechanicalsharpener,beingcarefultoleaveanundisturbed,unmarked,smoothcylinderoflead.Holdingthepencilholder(whenusingdrawingleads)atanangleof90°totheabrasivepaper,rubtheleadagainstthepapermaintaininganexactangleof90°totheabrasivepaperuntilaflat,smoothandcircularcrosssectionisobtained,freeofchipsornicksintheedgeofthecrosssection.Forwoodpencils,seeFig.1foranillustration.Formechanicalpencilholderswithdrawingleads,seeFig.2astheillustration.Thedesirededgemaybeobtainedbycementingtheabrasivepapertoaflatmotor-drivendisk.Bysupportingthepencilat90°totherotatingdiskauniformflatleadendmaybeobtainedmorereproducibly.Forwoodpencils,removeapproximately5to6mm(3⁄16to1⁄4in.)ofwoodfromthepointofeachpencilusingadraftsman-typemechanicalsharpener,beingcarefultoleaveanundisturbed,unmarked,smoothcylinderoflead.Holdingthepencilholder(whenusingdrawingleads)atanangleof90°totheabrasivepaper,rubtheleadagainstthepapermaintaininganexactangleof90°totheabrasivepaperuntilaflat,smoothandcircularcrosssectionisobtained,freeofchipsornicksintheedgeofthecrosssection.Thedesirededgemaybeobtainedbycementingtheabrasivepapertoaflatmotor-drivendisk.Bysupportingthepencilat90°totherotatingdiskauniformflatleadendmaybeobtainedmorereproducibly. Placethecoatedpanelonalevel,firm,horizontalsurface.Startingwiththehardestlead,holdthepencilorleadholderfirmlywiththeleadagainstthefilmata45°angle(pointawayfromtheoperator)andpushawayfromtheoperator.Exertsufficientuniformpressuredownwardandforwardeithertocutorscratchthefilmortocrumbletheedgeofthelead.Itissuggestedthatthelengthofthestrokebe6.5mm(1⁄4in.). 8.1.1Repeattheprocessdownthehardnessscaleuntilapencilisfoundthatwillnotcutthroughthefilmtothesubstrate(eithermetalorapreviouscoat)foradistanceofatleast3mm(1/8in.)(See8.1.1).compoundsthatmaytendtolubricatethefilm.Checksshouldbemadebyclosevisualinspectionandbyfingernailfeel.NOTE2—inconductingthetest,ifthesharpedgeoftheleadisslightlychippedorcrumbled,theleadmustbe Continuetheprocessuntilapencilisfoundthatwillneithercutthroughnorscratchthesurfaceofthefilm.Anydefacementofthefilmotherthanacut(gouge)isconsideredascratch.Recordeachendpoint(ifapplicable)forgougeandscratchhardness(see8.1).NOTE3—withsomefilms,thetwoendpointswillbeMakeaminimumoftwodeterminationsforgougehardness(7.4)andscratchhardness(7.5)foreachpencilor图示1FIG.1ViewofWoodPencilafter图示2FIG.2ViewofMechanicalHolderwithSharpenedDrawing如下两个端点：Thetwoendpointsas—GougeHardness—thehardestpencilthatwillleavethefilmuncutforastrokelengthofatleast3mm(1⁄8in.).—ScratchHardness—thehardestpencilthatwillnotruptureorscratchtheThemakeandgradeofleadorpencilused,Anydeviationfromstandardconditions,includingroughnessinthePrecisionand—Precision—inaninter-laboratorytestofthistestmethodwiththreedifferentfilmsonpanels,tenlaboratoriesandoperators,andrepeatedbyswitchingleadsandpanelsbetweenlaboratories,thewithin-laboratorystandarddeviationwasfoundtobe0.52andthebetween-laboratorystandarddeviationwasfoundtobe0.61.Basedonthesestandarddeviations,thefollowingcriteriashouldbeusedforjudgingtheacceptabilityofresultsata95%confidencelevel:—Repeatability—tworesultsobtainedbytwooperatorswithinalaboratoryusingthesamepencilsandpanelsshouldbeconsideredsuspectiftheydifferbymorethanonepencilunitonthescaledescribedin可再现性—操作人员在不同的实验室使用同一铅笔、同一面板或是不同铅笔、同一面板测出两个结Reproducibility—tworesults,eachthemeanofatleasttwodeterminations,obtainedbyoperatorsindifferentlaboratoriesusingthesamepencilsandpanelsordifferentpencilswiththesamepanelsshouldbeconsideredsuspectiftheydifferbymorethanonepencilunitonthescaledescribedin5.1. —Bias—sincethereisnoacceptablematerialsuitablefordeterminingthebiasfortheprocedureinthistestmethodformeasuringpencilhardness,biascannotbedetermined.Hardness(scratch);pencilCommitteeD01hasidentifiedthelocationofselectedchangestothisstandardsincethelastissue(D3363–00)thatmayimpacttheuseofthisstandard.(1)Figs.1and2wereaddedtomakeitclearertotheuserofthisstandardhowthetrimmedwoodfromwoodpencilandgeometryoftheleadtipshouldappear.ASTMInternationaltakesnopositionrespectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthisstandard.Usersofthisstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtheriskofinfringementofsuchrights,areentirelytheirownresponsibility.Thisstandardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteeandmustbereviewedeveryfiveyearsandifnotrevised,eitherre-approvedorwithdrawn.YourcommentsareinvitedeitherforrevisionofthisstandardorforadditionalstandardsandshouldbeaddressedtoASTMInternationalHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameetingoftheresponsibletechnicalcommittee,whichyo