2026届上海市嘉定区高三年级质量调研二模英语试卷

学年高三年级质量调研英语试卷I.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WhyBook-to-FilmAdaptationsOftenDisappointWhenabelovedbookisadaptedintoafilm,fansoftenexperienceamixofexcitementandanxiety.Theylookforwardtoseeingafamiliarstoryonscreenbutworrythatthefilmmightnotliveuptotheimagestheyhaveimaginedwhilereading.Thisreactionarisesfromhowweread.Formany,novelsarenotjuststories;theyarevisualexperiences(1)________(carry)inthemind.Readinginvolves(2)________(create)mentalimagesofcharacters,settings,andevents.Theseimages,(3)________theyaregeneralordetailed,formpartoftheenjoymentofreading.Werarelynoticethemuntilthereissomethingwrongwiththem.Onceafilmversiondoesn’tmatchourimaginedimages,disappointmentfollows.Wemightfindourselvesthinking,“That’snothowI(4)________(picture)it.”Interestingly,thisisn’tnew.Ithasexisted(5)________thelonghistoryofstorytelling.Inthe19thcentury,whenillustrationsstartedappearinginbooks,readersbegantofeelasimilardiscomfort.Thevisualrepresentationsinbooks,suchasthoseinCharlesDickens’novels,wereseenasathreattoreaders’mentalimagery.Onceanillustrationhadbeenseenbyareader,thecharacterorscenewaslikely(6)________(imagine)differently.Yetnoteveryonefeltdisappointedbyillustrations.Forpeople(7)________struggletovisualizewhilereading,illustrationscouldenhancetheirexperience.Around4%ofthepopulationlackstheabilitytoturnwordsintopictures,andforthem,illustrationsinbooksorfilmsmaybemoreenjoyable,(8)________theyhavenopre-existingimagestocomparethemto.Formostofuswhodovisualize,though,thegapbetweenwhatafilmshowsandourmentalimagescanleadtodisappointment.However,thisdoesn’tmeanthefilmisafailure.Instead,itoffersaninsightinto(9)________personalourengagementwithnovelsreallyis.Therefore,ratherthancriticizeanadaptation,we(10)________reflectonwhyitdiffersfromourimaginedversionandwhatthatrevealsaboutourperceptions.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.adoption B.broad C.economy D.gender-neutralE.organized F.purely G.respect H.rewardedI.similarly J.spare K.uncomfortableLearnChineseinOneWordInrecentyears,peoplehavetalkedalotabouttheword“they”inEnglish.Manybelievethisishelpfulbecauseitincludesbothmatesandfemales.Yet,Englishisnottheonlylanguagethathasbeenexperimentingwitha(n)11expression.Frenchspeakersoftenuse“iel,”acombinationof“il”(he)and“elle”(she).InChinese,thereisalsoaninterestingidea.In2015,someinternetuserssuggestedanewwrittenform:X也.Bycombiningtheletter“X”withpartsoftheChinesecharactersusedfor“he”and“she.”,thissymbolstillreadsas“ta.”usedforbothmenandwomeninspokenChinese.Inthis12,thenewsymboldoesnotchangehowpeoplespeak.Instead,itformalizessomethingthatalreadyexistsinthelanguage.AfterthecharacterwasaddedtoUnicode,theinternationalsystemfordigitaltext,itbecameeasiertotype.Thishelpedthewider13ofthesymbolonline.However,thesituationinEnglishisdifferent.InEnglish,somepeoplestillfeel14with“they”.Manyspeakersinsistthat“they”shouldonlyrefertomorethanonepersoninsteadofsingularwordslike“someone”.Chineseisdifferent.Sincethespokenlanguagealreadyusesonesoundforbothgenders,thenewsymbolisa(n)15visualchange.ThissmallchangeinwritingalsohighlightssomethingcuriousabouttheChineselanguageona(n)16scale.Thelanguagereliesheavilyoncontexttoexpressmeaning.IthasnowordexactlyliketheEnglisharticle“the,”andtimeisoftenunderstoodfromthesituationratherthanfromverbendings.Therefore,Chinesecanexpressideaswithsurprising17,usingonlyafewwords.Forexample,alongsentencesuchas“TherelationshipsamongtheSevenWarringStateswereconstantlychanging”canbepresentedas“RelationshipbetweenWarringStatesisconstantchange.”English,despiteitsreputationforaccuracy,18leavesmuchtocontext.VerbsinEnglishhaveonlythreeendings:“-s”,“-ing”and“-ed”.ComparedwithlanguageslikeRussian,whereverbshavemorethan60endings,Englishgrammarlooksquite19.Learninganewlanguagethereforegoesbeyondlearningnewvocabulary.Italsomeansunderstandinghowmeaningis20indifferentlanguages.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inancienthistory,thesoldiersofSpartawereknownfortheirstrongcommitmenttothegroup.Itisbelievedthattheyfoughtfearlesslybecausetheyputthe21aboveanyindividualsoldier.Thisideaof22oneselfforthecommunitycanalsobeobservedinthetinyworldofbacteria.Scientistshaverecentlydiscoveredhowabacterial23system,namedSPARDA,usesasimilarstrategytoprotectbacterialgroupsfromvirusattacks.Anewstudy,ledbybiochemistMindaugasZarembaatVilniusUniversity,publishedinCellResearch,explainedhowthissystemworksona24level.BystudyingSPARDAindifferentbacteria,theteamidentifiedanimportantpartofthesystemtheycalledthebeta-relay.Thebeta-relayworkslikea25intheSPARDAsystem.Whenthereisnodanger,itstays“off,”andtheproteinsinitremain26.OnceforeignDNA,suchasavirus,is27,thebeta-relaychangesitsshapeandturns“on.”Thistransformationallowsitsproteinstoconnectwitheachother,forminglongchainsto28theenemyaswellasthehost.“SPARDAsystemsweredemonstratedtoprotectbacteriafromvirusesbydegradingtheDNAofboth29cellsandviruses.Theykilledthehostbutatthesametimepreventedfurtherspreadoftheinfectionwithinthebacterialpopulation.”Zarembasaid.SPARDAisessentialforbacterialdefense,butZaremba’steamarguesthatthesystemcouldalsohelp30inmedicaldiagnosis.SPARDAisthefinallineforbacterialcells,whichisactivatedonlywhenaninfectionispresent.Therefore,SPARDAincludesanaccurate31mechanismforspottingforeignDNAthatwouldlaunchself-destruction.Researcherscould32thesystemformedicaldiagnostics,Zarembasuggested,whichmeansthebeta-relaycouldbealteredtofunctiononlywhenthetargetgeneisidentified.33,imagineitwouldreactonlytothegeneticmaterialofHIV.ButthebenefitsofSPARDAdon’tstopthere.Traditionaldiagnostictoolshaveanobvious34:theycanonlyworkwhenvirusescontainaspecificgeneticcodecalledPAM.“WealreadyknowthatSPARDAsystemsdonotrequirePAM,”Zarembasaid.“ThismakesSPARDAmore35,anditcouldhelpscientistsdetectawidervarietyofgermsandviruses.Understandinghowthissystemworksmayhelpussolvesomeofthebigchallengesinscience.”21.A.king B.battle C.state D.honour22.A.enjoying B.protecting C.celebrating D.sacrificing23.A.control B.defense C.network D.information24.A.micro B.global C.practical D.historical25.A.bridge B.barrier C.switch D.vehicle26.A.inactive B.unsure C.available D.energetic27.A.revised B.detected C.released D.eliminated28.A.destroy B.restore C.examine D.identify29.A.infected B.healthy C.foreign D.unknown30.A.humans B.planets C.organisms D.ecosystems31.A.regulation B.measurement C.recognition D.transportation32.A.reduce B.return C.reproduce D.repurpose33.A.Infact B.Asaresult C.Inaddition D.Forexample34.A.danger B.feature C.advantage D.limitation35.A.rigid B.risky C.flexible D.innovativeSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)MyfirstjourneytoNorwaybeganwithanaccidentthatalmostkilledmeonthedeckofadeep-seafishingboat.Oneafternoon,havingfinishedmytask,Iclimbedtheladdertothedeck.Ihadscarcelyliftedmyheadwhentheskydisappeared.Initsplacecameaheavyironcage,swingingwithblindforceandhittingmerightintheface.Iremembernopainatfirst—onlydarkness.WhenIrecoveredmysenses,Iwasonmyhandsandknees.Mycheekwastorn,andmyteethlaybrokeninmymouth.Anolderfisherman,Arneson,foundmeandcarriedmetomyroom.Duringtheslowdaysthatfollowed,heaccompaniedmeandspokeofhisboyhoodinAndalsnes,amongNorway’sfjords(峡湾)andmountainsofsuchbeautythathedarednotreturn.Hefearedthattherealplacemightdestroytheperfectimageinhisheart.IlistenedattentivelybecauseIhadbeguntoaskmyself:wasI,likeArneson,justlivingonanimageofwhoIhadbeenbeforetheaccident.Hisstories,repeatedinthoselongdaysofrecovery,fixedNorwayinmyimaginationasaplacewhereIcouldfindtheanswer.Thus,whenIwaswellenoughtotravel,Istartedmyjourney,movedlessbycouragethanbyaquiethopeforrelief.FromNorway’scapitalIjourneyedtoÅndalsnes,thetownhehaddescribedwithsuchgentleness.ThefollowingdayIclimbedAksla.Thepathwassteep,andthepaininmylegswassharpbuthonest.Eachstepseemedlikeaquestion:whoareyounow?Atthetop,sittingamongstonesandthingrass,Ilookedatthesilentpeaksandunderstoodthattheseahadnotsentmeherebychance.Ihadcrossedwaterandlandonlytodiscoverthatthejourneywasinward.IhadcometoNorwayhopingthemountainswouldhealme.Instead,Ilearnedthatasingleblowdoesnotmerelywoundthebody;itbreaksopentheselfandsetsitwandering.YetinthatwanderingIfoundsomethingsteady.Mymemories,myfears,andthevoicesofthosewhohadwalkedbesidemeformedaquietfellowship.Intheircompany,Ididnotfindacure,butIbegan,atlast,tofindmyself.36.Whataccidentoccurredtotheauthoronthefishingboat?A.Facingaheavystorm. B.Fallingfromtheladder.C.Beinghitbyanironcage. D.Sufferingnightblindness.37.WhydoestheauthormentionArnesoninparagraph2?A.Todescribetheauthor’sdailylifeontheboat.B.Tointroducewhatinspiredtheauthor’sjourney.C.ToexplainwhyNorwayisanattractivecountry.D.Toshowhowtheauthorrecoveredfromtheaccident.38.WhatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromParagraph3?A.Hewasweakerthanbefore. B.Hereflectedonhistrueself.C.HeregrettedgoingtoNorway. D.Helosthiswayonthemountain.39.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AFatalAccident B.AMemoryoftheSeaC.AFriendofPureHeart D.AJourneyofSelf-Discovery(B)Theword“biodegradable”describesmaterialsthatcanbebrokendownnaturallybytheenvironmentthroughaprocesscalledbiodegradation.Duringthisprocess,fungi(真菌)andtinymicrobeslikebacteriabreakdownorganicmatterfromplantsandanimals.Theremainsbecomenutrient-richmaterialthathelpsnewplantsgrow,formingarepeatingandself-sustainingsystemoftencalledthecircleoflife.Thisprocessiscloselylinkedtothecarboncycle.Duringtheprocess,plantstakeincarbondioxide,animalspasscarbonalongthefoodchain,andmicroorganismsreleaseitbackintotheairafterplantsandanimalsdie,whichstartsanewcycle.Today,“biodegradable”canalsodescribesomeproductsthatcanbreakdownnaturally.Insteadofbeingsentintoincinerators(焚化炉)orrecyclingcentres,biodegradablewastesusuallyendupinlandfills.40.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Biodegradablewasteisusuallyburneddown.B.Biodegradationhappenswhenthereisnooxygen.C.Akeypartofbiodegradationistheremovalofcarbon.D.Biodegradationisanessentialpartofthecircleoflife.41.Theunderlinedword“assimilate”mostprobablymeans______.A.absorb B.translate C.divide D.destroy42.Whichofthefollowingtitlesiscorrectlymatchedwithitsillustration?A.ORGANICMATERIALB.DECOMPOSITIONC.DIGESTIOND.BYPRODUCTS(C)Cinemasarefullofsequels(续集)andsuperheroes.Popchartsareledbythesameglobalstarsyearafteryear.Theinternetproducesendlesstrendsandsensationalculturalproducts.Has21st-centuryculturebecomerepetitiveanddull?Anewbookoffersaperspective.InBlankSpace,W.DavidMarxarguesthatsomethingimportanthaschanged.Intheearly20thcentury,movementssuchasSurrealism(超现实主义)deeplytransformedart.The1960sbroughtcountercultureandrockmusic.Comparedwiththosecreativeexplosions,today’sculture,whichremixesoldideasratherthaninventingnewones,canappearcautious.Money,MrMarxsuggests,playsalargerole.Inpopmusic,theideaof“sellingout”haslargelydiedoutwhiletheultimatemeasureofvalueisfinancialsuccess.Fameissometimesdrivenlessbyartistictalentthanbymarketingskillandonlinevisibility.Technologyhasaddedanotherlayer.Initsearlydays,theinternetallowedsmallcommunitiestoexperimentandshareunusualtastes.Today,however,onlineplatformsoftenrewardspeed,excitingandsimplemessages.Algorithms(算法)favourwhatkeepsusersclicking,notwhatchallengesthem.Asaresult,safeandfamiliarcontentmaycrowdoutriskierwork.Still,hissweepingbookoversimplifiesthereality.Therehasalwaysbeenmorelitterthangold,andtimehassimplyfilteredouttheworstsothatwejustrememberthemasterpiecesandforgettherest.Itmaybetooearlytojudgethelong-termvalueoftoday’screations,whicharestillcompetinginanoisydigitalmarketplace.Moreover,thecontinuedpopularityofolderworksisnotasignoffixedness.Classicsendurebecausetheydohaveanedgeovertheothers,notbecausenothingnewcansucceed.Modernculturemayappearrepetitive,butitisalsodiverseandwidelyaccessible,andthat’swhywecanstillfreelyenjoyoldmasterpieces.Anotherwaytothinkof21st-centuryWesterncultureisasahistoryofrelativecomfort.Chaosinthetoday’sworldhasshakenupthearts,butithasbeenlessimpactfulthanthecrisesthatlaunchedtheculturalbreakthroughsoftheearly20thcentury.Inextremeconditions,couldtoday’screatorsmatchthepastgenius?Let’shopewewillneverfindout.43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightW.DavidMarxagreewith?A.Therewasmoredullartinthepastthanthereistoday.B.Audienceprefermasterpiecesinthepasttonewideastoday.C.Financialsuccesshasbecomemoreimportantthanartisticoriginality.D.Technologicalprogresshasmadeculturalinnovationeasierthanbefore.44.Whichofthefollowingbestreflectsthewriter’sviewofmodernculture?A.Itislargelyshapedbyonlineplatforms.B.It’sstilltooearlytojudgeitstruevalue.C.Thesuccessofoldworksprovesitsfailure.D.Itmainlyrepeatspastideaswithoutanythingnew.45.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphimply?A.Theauthorthinkssocialchaosisnecessary.B.Theauthorhopesextremecriseswon’thappen.C.Theauthorbelievesmodernartistsaresuperior.D.Theauthorthinksculturaldeclinewillcontinue.46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toquestionabook’sargumentaboutculture.B.Tocomparemodernculturewithclassicalculture.C.Toprovethatmoderncultureiscompletelyempty.D.Toexplainhowtechnologyinfluencesmodernculture.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.AcreamhadvitaminC,andvitaminChelpedskin.B.Manyoftheclaimsarereasonable,whileothersaremeaninglessnonsense.C.Whenscienceisbeingusedtosellcreamsanddrinks,scienceasapublicgoodisunderthreat.D.Acrossfashion,beauty,andfood,scientificlanguagehasbecomeapowerfulsalestool.E.Infact,scienceintheprivateinterestdoesn’tnecessarilyworklikethat.F.Nooneislookingupanacademicstudytomakesuretheclaimsontheirpackageareaccurate.TheSciencewashingofEverydayLifeTherestandsadisplaymodelofafacemaskinmylocalbeautystore.Itspackageiscoveredwithwordslike“patents”,“peptides”,and“doublehelix”.Ihavenoideawhatanyofthismeans.Butthisisscience.Themaskcosts$75.47.________Brandsdescribethemselvesas“biology-first”or“poweredbybiotech.”Creamspromisetowork“atamolecular(分子)level.”Lipstickscontainacidswith“differentmolecularweights.”Waterissoldwithextrahydrogen(氢),asiftwoatomswerenolongerenough.Evensportsdrinks,whichoncereliedonimagesofsweatingathletes,nowproudlyannouncethattheyare“labtested.”Inacrowdedmarket,sciencehasbecomethenewsymbolofquality.Marketinghasalwaysborrowedfromscience,butitusedtobemoredirect.Acerealcontainedfiber,andfiberwasgoodforyou.48.________Theywereinformedbutplainspoken,employingsimplelogicofcauseandeffect.Theytalked,basically,likeafamily-medicinedoctor.Today’sads,bycontrast,talklikethePh.D.kindofdoctor.Theyuselong,complexwordsandrefertothingsviewableonlyunderamicroscope.Thegoalisnotalwaystoexplain,buttoconfuse.49.________“Peoplelikebuyingproductsthatareresearchbacked,”saidNeilLewisJr.,abehavioralscientistatCornell.“Butmostpeople,theyarenotprofessionalenoughtoactuallyevaluatethoseclaims.Theydon’thavethetimeorspecificknowledge,sotheyjustlookforsomesignals.Thatgivestheireverydayconsumptionaserious,almostacademicappearance.”Buthereistheproblem.50.________Governmentfinancialsupporthasweakened,people’strustinscientistshasfallen,andmanyresearchershaveleftpublicinstitutions.Itisunsettlingtoimagineweareapproachingaworldinwhichscientistsareemployednotbyindependentinstitutionsbutonlybycompanies—aworldwherescienceitselfservesasadvertising.Ⅳ.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassage.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.51.ThePowerofHesitationHesitationisoftenseenasaweakness.AttheOlympics,athletesmustchoosetheexactmomenttostart.Intheseevents,evenatinydelaycanmeanlosingagoldmedal.Fortheseathletes,h