Unit3+Environmental+Protection+Discovering+Useful+Structures高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

DiscoveringUsefulStructures新人教选择性必修三Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionLearningObjectivesTolearnaboutthedifferencesbetweendirectspeechandindirectspeech;Tounderstandthefunctionofdirectspeechandindirectspeech;Tolearnhowtochangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeech.Lead-in：

WhatdidSianasay?DirectspeechIndirectspeechLead-in：

Whatisthefeatureofthegroupofsentences?Theteachersaid,"Theearthmovesaroundthesun."Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.Directspeech

(直接引语)Indirectspeech(间接引语)直接引述别人的话用自己的话转述他人的话Lead-in：

Mymothersaidtome,"Don'tmakeanynoise."Mymothertoldmenottomakeanynoise.DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechTheteachersaid,"Lighttravelsfasterthansound."Theteachersaidthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.Lead-in：

涵义直接引语(DirectSpeech):直接引用别人的原话，话语放在引号("")内。例如:Hesaid,"Iambusy."(他说：“我很忙。”)间接引语(IndirectSpeech):用自己的话转述别人的意思，不需要引号，通常构成一个宾语从句。例如:Hesaidthathewasbusy.(他说他很忙。)直接引语

&

间接引语Lead-in：

Hesaidthathewasverybusythen.2.Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasastudent.Themanaskedmewherethepostofficewas..Mymothertoldmenottomakeanynoise.1Hesaid,"Iamverybusynow."2Heaskedme,"Areyouastudent?“3Themansaidtome,"Whereisthepostoffice?“4Mymothersaidtome,"Don'tmakeanynoise."DirectspeechIndirectspeech◆特殊疑问句：objectiveclause◆祈使句：verb+infinitive◆Noquotationmarks“”◆一般疑问句：if/whetherUsepasttense直接引语间接引语时态的变化人称的变化12指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化3句型的变化4一.人称变化人称变化规律总结：“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”一主：直接引语中人称是第一人称（I/we）或被第一人称修饰，要与主句的主语保持一致。二宾：直接引语中人称是第二人称（you）或被第二人称修饰，要与主句的宾语保持一致。三不变:：直接引语中的人称是第三人称（he/she/they等）或被第三人称修饰，通常保持不变。Hesaid,"Iambusy."→Hesaidthathewasbusy.ShesaidtoTom,"Youaresmart."→ShetoldTomthathewassmart.HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.Shesaid,"Theyarelate."→ShesaidthattheywerelateObserveandDiscover：

一随主Shesaid,"IwillgotoShanghainextweek.“→ShesaidthatshewouldgotoShanghaithenextweek.二随宾HesaidtoLily,“Youmustgetupearly.”→HesaidtoLily

thatshemustgetupearly.三不变Theteachersaid,"Theearthmovesaroundthesun.“→Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.

ObserveandDiscover：

句型转换（1）Theteachersaid,"Wewillhaveatest."→Theteachersaidthat______wouldhaveatest.（2）Isaidtohim,"Yourideaisgreat."→Itoldhimthat______ideawasgreat.（3）Momsaidtome,"Whereareyougoing?"→Momaskedmewhere______wasgoing.（4）Jacksaid,"Tomiswaitingforme."→JacksaidthatTomwaswaitingfor______.theyIhishim如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态（如

said,

told），间接引语中的时态通常要“倒退一步”。直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时

一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时

现在完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时（不变）一般过去时过去完成时Theboysaid,"Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.“Theboysaidthathehaddonehishomeworkthedaybefore.二.时态的变化ObserveandDiscover：

句型转换1.

Shesaid,"Ilikeapples."→Shesaidthatshe______apples.2.

Hesaid,"Iamreadingabooknow."→Hesaidthathe____________abookthen.3.

Theysaid,"Wewillgototheparktomorrow."→Theysaidthatthey____________totheparkthenextday.4.Tomsaid,"Ihavefinishedmyhomework."→Tomsaidthathe____________hishomework.likedwasreadinghadfinishedwouldgoObserveandDiscover：

5.

Shesaid,"Isawthatmovieyesterday."→Shesaidthatshe______thatmoviethedaybefore.6.

Hesaid,"TheyhadalreadyleftwhenIarrived."→Hesaidthatthey______already______whenhearrived.7.Hesaid,"Icanswim."→Hesaidthathe______swim.8.

Theteachersaid,"Thesunrisesintheeast."(客观真理)→Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeast.9.

Shesaid,"Imustgonow."→Shesaidthatshe______gothen.10.

Hesaid,"Iwasbornin1990."(具体过去时间)→Hesaidthathe____________in1990.hadseenhadrisescouldleftwasbornmustⅡ.直接引语变成间接引语时，以下情况，时态不变：1.⏱️主句谓语动词非过去时主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时时。Hesays,“Ididn't

brokethewindow.”→Hesaysthathedidn'tbrokethewindow.Hesays,"Iambusy."→Hesaysthatheisbusy.2.🌍表述客观真理或自然现象直接引语表述的是客观真理、自然现象、名言警句或习惯性动作时：

Theteachersaid,"Theearthmovesaroundthesun."Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.WenHui

said,

“I

get

up

at

six

every

morning。”

→She

said

(that)she

gets

up

at

six

every

morning.Ⅱ.直接引语变成间接引语时，以下情况，时态不变：3.🗓️包含具体过去时间状语当直接引语中包含明确的、具体的过去时间状语（如具体的年份、日期）时，时态通常保持不变。

Hesaid,"Iwasbornin1990."→Hesaidthathewasbornin1990.4.🤝含特定情态动词当直接引语中包含某些本身已是过去形式或没有过去形式的“情态动词”时，时态通常不变。（例：could,

should,

would,

might）Thedoctorsaid,"You'dbetterrest."→ThedoctorsaidI'dbetterrest.Hesaid,"Shemustbetired."→Hesaidthatshemustbetired.Shesaid,"Hecouldswim."→Shesaidthathecouldswim.Ⅱ.直接引语变成间接引语时，以下情况，时态不变：5.🚀原句已是过去完成时当直接引语的时态已经是过去完成时(PastPerfect)时，因为时态已经“到底”，所以不再变化。Hesaid,"Ihadfinishedit."→Hesaidthathehadfinishedit.6.🗺️转述语境未改变如果转述的内容在地点、时间上没有变化（例如，就地、当天转述），那么相关的状语和时态也可以保持不变。Hesaid:"Youcanhavetheballgamethisafternoon."Hesaidwecanhavetheballgamethisafternoon.三.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。根据转述的语境，相应的时间、地点和指示词也需要调整。⏱️时间状语的变化直接引语(原话)间接引语(转述)示例now

(现在)then

(那时)"I'mbusy

now."→Hesaidhewasbusy

then.today

(今天)thatday

(那天)"Isawhim

today."→Hesaidhehadseenhim

thatday.yesterday

(昨天)thedaybefore

(前一天)"Iwashere

yesterday."→Hesaidhehadbeenthere

thedaybefore.tomorrow

(明天)thenextday

/

thefollowingday

(第二天)"I'llgo

tomorrow."→Hesaidhewouldgo

thenextday.tonight

(今晚)thatnight

(那晚)"We'llmeet

tonight."→Hesaidtheywouldmeet

thatnight.thisweek/month/yearthatweek/month/year"Ifinishedit

thisweek."→Hesaidhehadfinishedit

thatweek.lastweek/month/yeartheweek/month/yearbefore"Iwassick

lastweek."→Hesaidhehadbeensick

theweekbefore.nextweek/month/yearthenextweek

/

thefollowingweek"I'llleave

nextmonth."→Hesaidhewouldleave

thefollowingmonth.三.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。根据转述的语境，相应的时间、地点和指示词也需要调整。📍地点状语的变化直接引语(原话)间接引语(转述)示例here

(这里)there

(那里)"It'scold

here."→Hesaiditwascold

there.come

(来)go

(去)"Please

come

here."→Heaskedmeto

go

there.三.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。根据转述的语境，相应的时间、地点和指示词也需要调整。🖐️指示代词和动词的变化直接引语(原话)间接引语(转述)示例this

(这个)that

(那个)"Ilike

this

book."→Hesaidheliked

that

book.these

(这些)those

(那些)"Ibought

these."→Hesaidhehadbought

those.三.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。💡特殊情况与注意事项地点未变时：如果转述的地点和说话时的地点相同，或者说话人就在原地转述，here有时可以保持不变。例如：(在教室里)Theteachersaid,"Putthebookshere."→Theteachersaidtoputthebookshere.时间未变时：如果转述发生在同一天（例如上午说的话下午转述），today、yesterday、tomorrow等词有时可以保持不变，但在正式考试或书面语中，通常建议按照规则进行转换。"come"的变化：除了地点变化外，当直接引语中包含come表示“来”这个动作时，在间接引语中通常改为go，因为视角已经从说话人转移到了转述人。ObserveandDiscover：

1.Hesaid,"Isawthismovieyesterday."→Hesaidthathehadseen______movie______.2.

Shesaidtome,"Iwillfinishittoday."→Shetoldmethatshewouldfinishit______.3.

Theysaid,"Weareleavingnow."→Theysaidthattheywereleaving______.4.

Hesaid,"Iboughtthesebookstwodaysago."→Hesaidthathehadbought______books______.5.Shesaid,"Icandoittomorrow."→Shesaidthatshe______doit______.thatthatdaythosethenthenextdaytwodaysbeforethedaybeforecouldObserveandDiscover：

6.Hesaid,"Iambusytoday."→Hesaidthathewasbusy______.7.

Shesaid,"Isawthatmanhere."→Shesaidthatshehadseen______man______.8.

Theysaid,"Wewillgotherenextweek."→Theysaidthattheywouldgo____________.9.

Hesaid,"Imustleavenow."→Hesaidthathe______leave______.10.

Shesaid,"Isawthosecarsyesterday."→Shesaidthatshehadseen______cars______.thatdaythatthefollowingweektheretherethedaybeforehadtothenthose四.连接词和语序变化1.去引号，加连接词根据直接引语的句型，选择合适的连接词，并去掉引号。陈述句(Statement):用连接词that引导，在口语中that常可省略。直接引语:Shesaid,"Ilikeapples."间接引语:Shesaid(that)shelikedapples.一般疑问句(Yes/NoQuestion):用连接词if或whether引导。直接引语:Heaskedme,"Areyouhappy?“间接引语:Heaskedmeif/whetherIwashappy.四.连接词和语序变化1.去引号，加连接词特殊疑问句(Wh-Question):用原来的疑问词（如what,where,when等）引导。直接引语:Iaskedher,"Whatisyourname?"间接引语:Iaskedherwhathernamewas.祈使句(Imperative):改为动词+sb.+todosth.的结构。直接引语:Hesaidtome,"Don'tdothat."间接引语:Hetoldmenottodothat.四.连接词和语序变化2.改为陈述句语序如果原句是疑问句，变为间接引语后，需要将语序调整为陈述句语序（主语+谓语）。直接引语:Heasked,"Whendoesthetrainarrive?"间接引语:Heaskedwhenthetrainarrived.(注意此处does助动词需要去掉)四.连接词和语序变化连接词语序陈述句that或省略不变一般疑问句引述动词后加上if或whether陈述语序特殊疑问句连接词不变陈述语序祈使句无连接词不变ObserveandDiscover：

句型转换Hesaid,"Iambusy."→Hesaid

he______busy.2.

Sheaskedme,"Doyoulikeapples?"→Sheaskedme______Ilikedapples.3.

Heasked,"Whatisyourname?"→Heaskedmewhat____________.4.

Shesaidtome,"Pleaseclosethedoor."→Sheaskedme____________closethedoor.5.

Heasked,"Didyouseethemovie?"→Heaskedme_____

_Ihadseenthemovie.that

mynamewas

toif/whetherwasif/whetherObserveandDiscover：

句型转换6.Sheasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"→Sheaskedmewhere______.7.

Hesaidtome,"Don'tplayinthestreet."→Hetoldme____________playinthestreet.8.

Sheasked,"Isthisyourbook?"→Sheaskedme______thatwasmybook.9.

Heasked,"Whenwillthetrainarrive?"→Heaskedwhen____________arrive.10.

Shesaid,"Icanhelpyou."→Shesaidthatshe______helpme.Ilived

couldnottothetrainwouldif/whetherSummary:课堂小结性质：时态:人称：引导词:陈述句:用

that一般疑问句:用

if或whether特殊疑问句:用特殊疑问词祈使句：

tellsb.todos.thasksb.todos.thordersb.todos.th间接引语在多数情况下是一个宾语从句一随主,二随宾,三不变主句为一般过去时态，从句相应的变化PracticeandApply：

请将下列直接引语改为间接引语。1.Hesaid,"Iamtired."→Hesaidthathe______tired.2.

Shesaidtome,"Isawhimyesterday."→Shetoldmethatshe______him______.3.

Tomsaid,"Ihavefinishedmywork."→Tomsaidthathe______finishedhiswork.4.

Hesaid,"Iwillgotomorrow."→Hesaidthathe_____go______.5.

Sheasked,"Areyouhappy?"→Sheaskedme______I______happy.washadseenthedaybeforehadwouldthenextdayif/whetherwasPracticeandApply：

请将下列直接引语改为间接引语。6.Heasked,"Didyouseethemovie?"→Heaskedme______I______seenthemovie.7.

Sheasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"→Sheaskedmewhere_______.8.

Heasked,"Whatareyoudoing?"→Heaskedmewhat_____doing.9.

Theteachersaid,