Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature Section B 1a-2c 语言点精讲精练(含答案)

Unit4SectionB1a-2c语言点精讲精练I．语言点精讲1.Tomostpeople,MountQomolangmaisoneofthegreatestwondersoftheworld.对大多数人来说，珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。oneof+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数最……的……之一此结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。注意:of后面接名词或代词的复数形式。oneof..短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。北京是世界上最大的城市之一。Beijingisoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld.他是我的一位朋友。Heisoneofmyfriends.其中一个表演者是一个贫穷的农民。Oneoftheperformerswasapoorfarmer.他的班级中年龄最大的学生之一是英国人。OneoftheoldeststudentsisEnglishinhisclass.2.Onthehighestplaceonearth,youwillfeellikeyouareabletotouchthesky.在地球的最高点，你会感觉自己仿佛能触碰到天空。feellike①感觉像；给……的感觉；感受到(其后可接名词、动词-ing形式或从句。)②想要(其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。)feellikedoingsth=wanttodosth=wouldliketodosth想要做某事我感觉自己像空中的一只风筝。Ifeellikeakiteinthesky.我感觉像生活在美梦里一样。IfeellikeI'mlivinginanicedream.今晚你想看电影吗？Doyoufeellikewatchingamovietonight?=Doyouwanttowatchamovietonight?=Wouldyouliketowatchamovietonight?..andthatisonlyiftheysurvivetheterribleconditionsfirst.......而且前提是他们能在恶劣环境中幸存下来。(1)onlyif只有(在……的情况下才……)onlyif引导的句子位于句首时，主句需部分倒装。我告诉你，但条件是你不告诉别人。I'lltellyou,butonlyifyoudon'ttellanyoneelse.只有努力工作，你才会成功。Onlyifyouworkhardwillyousucceed.(2)survive①动词生存；存活survivefrom...从…存活下来surviveonsth.....靠…维持生活(后接食物、收入等)②及物动词艰难度过她在袭击中幸免于难。Shesurvivedtheattack.在这次事故中，只有两人活了下来。Intheaccident,onlytwopeoplesurvived.有些传统从古代延续下来。Sometraditionssurvivefromancienttimes.一星期200元，我无法维持生活。Ican'tsurviveon200yuanaweek.公司设法渡过了危机。Thecompanymanagedtosurvivethecrisis.(3)condition（名词）状态；境况；健康状况通常与介词in或under连用，表示"在……状态或境况下"。outofcondition健康状况不佳现在这个男孩处于良好的状态。Nowtheboyisingoodcondition.这个运动员的健康状况良好，但他的生活环境非常糟糕。Theplayerisingoodcondition,buthislivingconditionsareverybad.4.Bitbybit,theclimberspulledthemselvesup,andtheymadeitpasttheSecondStep.登山者们一点一点地向上攀爬，成功越过了第二台阶。makeit①获得成功，相当于succeed。②在约定时间内赶到，相当于arriveintime。③能够出席(或到场)多年的辛勤工作后，他终于成功了。Afteryearsofhardwork,hefinallymadeit.我们如果跑的话，应该来得及。Ifwerun,weshouldmakeit.-你能来参加乔迁聚会吗？-Canyoucometothehousewarmingparty?-抱歉，我参加不了。-I'msorry.Iwon'tbeabletomakeit.5.Whydopeoplestillrisktheirlivestoclimbthehighestmountainintheworld?为什么人们仍然冒着生命危险去攀登世界最高峰呢？risk①及物动词使……冒风险(或面临危险)；冒……风险(或危险)其后可接名词(短语)、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。riskone'slifetodosth冒着生命危险做某事；riskdoingsth冒险做某事②名词危险；风险theriskof...……的风险；takerisks(todosth)=takearisk(todosth)冒险(做某事)拓展:riskyadj.有危险(或风险)的,可在句中作表语或定语。他冒着生命危险去救那个孩子。Heriskedhislifetosavethechild.我愿意冒失去一切的危险。I'mwillingtorisklosingeverything.冬天独自登山是一项冒险的活动。Climbingmountainsaloneinwinterisariskyactivity.吃垃圾食品会增加生病的风险。Eatingjunkfoodcanincreasetheriskoftheillness.不要冒险。你应该三思。Don'ttakerisks.Andyoushouldthinktwice.Itisbecausehumancuriosityandambitioncannotbestopped.这是因为人类的好奇心和雄心壮志无法被阻挡。curiosity（名词）好奇心；求知欲curiosityabout...对……的好奇心；outofcuriosity出于好奇心；withcuriosity好奇地儿童对一切事物都显露出好奇心。Childrenshowcuriosityabouteverything.他出于好奇决定跟踪那个男子。Hedecidedtofollowthemanoutofcuriosity.那个男孩好奇地看着我。Theboylookedatmewithcuriosity.(2)ambition（名词）追求的目标；野心；雄心anambitionofdoingsth=anambitiontodosth做某事的目标；haveanambition有雄心；Sb'sambitionistodo/be...某人的理想是……这是她终生追求的目标。Itisherlifelongambition.最后，她实现了当著名作家的目标。Sheachievedherambitionofbecomingafamouswriteratlast.这个年轻人立志成为一名优秀的音乐家。Theyoungmanhasanambitiontobeanexcellentmusician.他的理想是当一名飞行员。Hisambitionistobeapilot.Mountainclimbersevencalledthatwaythe"DeathRoad",butaChineseclimbingteamwasdeterminedtomaketheclimb.登山者们甚至将那条路线称为“死亡之路”，但一支中国登山队决心要完成这次攀登。determinedadj.“有决心的；坚决的”bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事determinev.决定→determinationn.决心；坚定我决心要获得成功。I'mdeterminedtosucceed.他勇敢顽强地与疾病作斗争。Hefoughttheillnesswithcourageanddetermination.II．语言点精练一、单词填空。请根据所给的首字母写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。1.MountQomolangmaisthehighestmountainonEarth,butonlythebestc______canreachitstop.2.Onthenortherns______ofthemountain,thewaytothetopwasoncecalledthe“DeathRoad”.3.TheSecondStepis8,600metresa______sealevel.Itwasverydifficulttoclimb.4.In1960,LiuLianmanallowedhist______tosteponhisshoulderstogetpastthecliff.5.Climbersmusts______verycoldtemperatures,thinairandchangeableweather.6.In1975,aChineseteambroughtal______totheSecondSteptohelpclimbers.7.In2020,Chineseclimbersreturnedtom______theexactheightofQomolangma.8.Peoplerisktheirlivestoclimbmountainsbecausehumanc______andambitionneverstop.二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.Theterribleweather______(condition)causedthesubwaysystemtobreakdownyesterday.2.Thecakerecipeiseasy:________(simple)mixtheflour,eggsandmilk,andthenbakefor20minutes.3.Deep-sea________(explore)usedasubmersibletoreachthebottomoftheMarianaTrench.4.It’scommonforchildrentohavestrong_______(curious)abouttheworldaroundthem.5.Theoldman’s________(die)waspeaceful.Hepassedawayinhissleep.三、根据汉语意思完成句子。1.消防员们经常冒着生命危险冲进火场救人。Firefightersoften________________________________rushintothefiretosavepeople.2.孩子们一点一点地学走路，摔倒了就自己奋力爬起来。Childrenlearntowalk________________________,andwhentheyfall,they________________________.3.探险队成功采取措施应对了突发危险。Theexpedition________________________todealwithsuddendangers.4.她决心要把自己的新想法付诸实践。She________________________puthernewideasintopractice.5.在宁静的海滩上，我感觉我能够忘记所有的烦恼。Onthequietbeach,I________________Iamabletoforgetalltroubles.四、同义句转换。1.TheSecondStepwassohighthatevenbirdscouldnotreachit.→TheSecondStepwas______high______birdstoreach.2.LiuLianmanallowedhisteammatestosteponhisshoulders.→LiuLianman______histeammatessteponhisshoulders.3.Peoplesaidthewaywasthe“DeathRoad”.→It____________thatthewaywasthe“DeathRoad”.4.In2020,athirdteamwentbacktoQomolangmatomeasureitsheight.→In2020,athirdteam____________Qomolangmatomeasureitsheight.5.Whydopeoplestillrisktheirlivestoclimbthehighestmountain?→Whydopeoplestillclimbthehighestmountain__________________theirlives?五、完形填空HukouWaterfall:WaterFallsfromtheSkyHukouWaterfallisthelargestyellowwaterfallintheworld.It’salsothesecondlargestwaterfallinChinanexttoHuangguoshuWaterfallinGuizhouProvince.FromitsheadwaterinQinghaiProvince,theYellowRiver1allthewaytotheeastandfinallytothesea.ItcarriesChinesehistoryandcivilizationofmorethan5,000years,sotheYellowRiveris2asChina’s“motherriver”.AsitflowstoHukouVillage,theriversharplynarrowsfrom500metreswidetoonlyabout30metres.Thecalmwatersuddenlyfallsdownintoadeeppoolasifthousandsofwildhorsesrunforwardwildly.Asaresult,awonderfulwaterfall3.Itseemsthatthewaterpoursdownfromabigteapot,sothewaterfallhasthenameHukou—meaningthe4ofateapotinChinese.Thefallingwaterbringshugesmokeandclouds,withcolour5fromyellowtogrey,greytoblue.People6thisheart-shakingsight“smokefromtheriver”.There’salsoastoneunderthewaterfall.Itmovesupanddownwiththefallingwater.It’snotseenallthetimeasthewaterisalwayschanging,soit’s7guishi,meaningthe“mysterious(神秘的)stone”.Overhistory,lotsofpoetsandpaintersoncetravelledhere.Theyadmiredthewonderfulview,andleftnumerousworksaboutthegreatwaterfall.8them,LiBai’sInvitationtoWine(《将进酒》)maybethebest-known.Itsays,“Don’tyouseetheYellowRivercomesfromthesky,9theseaandnevercomeback?”TherearemanywondersatHukouWaterfall,suchassmokefromtheriver,boatsonlandandrainbowsinthesunshine.AprilandOctoberarethebesttimeto10HukouWaterfall.Why?Becausethewaterisfull!1．A．circles B．opens C．drives D．runs2．A．described B．made C．boiled D．mixed3．A．enters B．drops C．appears D．goes4．A．mouth B．cover C．shape D．size5．A．shaking B．turning C．heating D．facing6．A．think B．put C．seem D．call7．A．brought B．dressed C．caught D．named8．A．Between B．Around C．Among D．Across9．A．movingon B．rushinginto C．wavingto D．dancingto10．A．swim B．visit C．drink D．pass任务型阅读。Twentypercentofallthewaterthatgoesintooceansaroundtheworldcomesfromoneriver—theAmazonRiver.TheAmazonRiverbeginsintheAndesMountainsinPeru.Ittravelsabout6,440kilometerstotheAtlanticOcean.Itisthelargestriverintheworld.Itisalsothesecondlongest.MostoftheAmazon’swatercomesfromrain.Duringtherainyseason,partsoftheriverare190kilometerswide.TheAmazonRivergoesthroughtheworld’slargestrainforest.TheAmazonrainforestishometothehighestnumberofplantandanimalspecies(种类)onearth.Thereare2.5millionkindsofinsects,suchastheworld’slargestant.Atleast3,000kindsoffishlivethere,andone-fifthofallthebirdspeciesintheworld.SomeoftheAmazon’sanimalsaredangerous,suchastheanaconda(水蚺),thelargestsnakeintheworld.Buttherearealsogentleanimals,likethesloth(树懒)andthepinkdolphin.TheAmazonisveryimportanttotheEarth.Therearestillmanykindsofanimalsandplantstherethatwedon’tknowabout.IfwelosetheAmazon,wewillloseabigpartoflifeonearth.1．Whatisthelargestriverintheworld?_______________________________________________________________________2．WheredoestheAmazonRiverbegin?_______________________________________________________________________3．HowmanykindsofinsectsarethereintheAmazonRiver?_______________________________________________________________________4．WhatotherthingsdoyouknowabouttheAmazonRainforest?_______________________________________________________________________5．将短文中画线部分翻译成中文。_______________________________________________________________________七、选词填空。阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。explore

camp

see

feel

take

start

realize

excite

peace

forgetLastsummer,IwenttotheRockyMountainswithmyfamily.Wedecidedto1therefortwonightstogetclosetonature.Onthefirstevening,weweresettingupthetentwhenalightrain2.Butitstoppedsoon,andwesawabeautifulrainbow.Thenextmorning,we3themountaintrails.Whilewewerehiking,we4manyrareplantsandbirds.Mysisterwas5photoswhenshesuddenlyshouted,“Look!Abear!”Wewerealittlescaredbutstayedcalm.Thebearwalkedawayslowlywithoutbotheringus.Intheevening,wesatbythecampfireandsharedstories.Themountainswerequiet,andwe6astrongsenseof7.Iwillnever8thistrip.Itmademe9howamazingnatureis.Exploringnaturalwondersalwaysbringsus10andsurprises.八、阅读理解WhenyoufirsthearabouttheDeadSea,itmightsoundscary,butthetruthisquitedifferent.Let’sgetclosertotheDeadSeaandlearnmoreaboutit.TheDeadSeaislocatedinSouthwestAsia.Itisabout50kilometerslongand15kilometerswideatitswidestpoint.Itsitsatabout430metersbelowsealevel,makingitthelowestpointonearth’sland.What’sinterestingisthattheDeadSeaisn’tactuallyasea.It’salake.Thesaltconcentration(盐浓度)initismorethan30percent,whichisabouteighttimessaltierthantypicalseawater.Thismakesitoneofthesaltiestbodiesofwateronearth.TheDeadSeastayssosaltybecauseofitsspecialnaturalconditions.Eachyear,itreceivesverylittlerainfall,andonlyasmallamountoffreshwaterflowsintoit.AndthehotweatheraroundtheDeadSeacausesthefreshwatertoevaporate(蒸发)quickly,whichmakesthesaltconcentrationevenhigher.Forthesereasons,itisalsoknownastheSaltSea.IfyouaretoswimintheDeadSea,youwon’tseeanysealife—noplantsoranimals.Thehighsaltconcentrationmakesitimpossibleforthemtolivethere.That’sactuallywhyit’scalledtheDeadSea.However,don’tletthenameornothavinganysealifescareyou.EvenifyoufallintotheDeadSeaandcan’tswim,youwon’tdie.ThehighconcentrationofsaltintheDeadSeaallowsanyonetofloatwell,withouttheneedforlifebuoys(救生圈).Infact,manypeoplevisittheDeadSeaeveryyearonvacation.Ifyouwalkalongthelakeside,you’lllikelyseemanypeoplefloatinginthewater,readingbooksormagazines.1．WhatdoweknowabouttheDeadSea?A．ItisthelargestplaceinAsia.B．Itisthewidestseaintheworld.C．ItisthedeepestpointinAmerica.D．Itisthelowestlakeonearth’sland.2．WhatmakestheDeadSeasosalty?A．Alotofseawaterrunsintoit.B．Humanactivitiesimprovethesaltlevels.C．Littlerainfallandrapidevaporationoffreshwater.D．Thehightemperaturestopsthewaterfromfreezing.3．WhydopeoplecallittheDeadSea?A．Becausetheycannotswiminit.B．Becauseithassomethingdangerous.C．Becauseithasthelowsaltconcentration.D．Becausenoplantsoranimalscanliveinit.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“float”probablymean?A．Singintheroom. B．Stayabovewater.C．Flyinthesky. D．Walkontheroad.5．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．PeoplefeelscaredwhenswimmingintheDeadSea.B．TheDeadSeaisdangerousforpeoplewhocan’tswim.C．Ifpeoplecan’tswim,they’llstillbesafeintheDeadSea.D．AlifebuoyisnecessarywhenswimmingintheDeadSea.九、五选五。从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Theunderseaworldisverybeautiful.Nowmoreandmorepeoplewanttodiveinthewatertofindthesecretthere.Scubadiving（水肺潜水）isanewsporttoday.1____Youwillfindmanystrangeanimalsinthesea.2__Manyseaanimalsgiveoutlightinthedarkandsomehavesharpteeth.Duringtheday,thereisenoughlight.Here,underthesea,everythingisblueandgreen.Whenfishswimnearby,youcancatchthemwithyourhands.Whenyouhavebottlesofaironyourback,youcanstayindeepwaterforalongtime.3Andyoumustbeverycarefulwhenyoudiveindeepwater.Thedeepseaisnotaneasyplacetolivein.It’scold,andit’sdark,too.4About3,000feet,thereisnolightatall.Itisverydarkinthesea.Manyfisheshavenoeyes.Somehavebigeyes.Afewhaveeyesononeside.5Animalseat!Theymustfindfoodtoeat.Manyanimalseatplants.However,someanimalseatmeat.Thismeanstheseseaanimalshavetwobigjobs.Theyneedtofindanimalsasfood,andtheyhavetotrynottobecomeotheranimals’meal.A．Someareaslargeasaschoolbus.B．Itcantakeyouintoawonderfulunderseaworld.C．Besidesthecoldandthedarkness,deep-seaanimalsfaceathirddanger—otheranimals.D．However,youcan’tdivetoodeep.E．Thedeeperitis,thelesssunlightthereis.II.语言点精练参考答案一、单词填空。【答案】1.climbers；2.side；3.above；4.teammates；5.survive；6.ladder7.measure；8.curiosity二、用所给单词的适当形式填空【答案】1.conditions2.simply3.explorers4.curiosity5.death三、根据汉语意思完成句子【答案】1.risktheirlivesto 2.bitbybit;pullthemselvesup 3.successfullytookmeasures4.isdeterminedto 5.feellike四、同义句转换。【答案】1.too,for；2.let；3.wassaid；4.returnedto；5.attheriskof五、完形填空【答案】1．D2．A3．C4．A5．B6．D7．D8．C9．B10．B【导语】本文主要介绍了壶口瀑布的特点、名称由来、景观特色，以及相关的文化作品和最佳游览时间。1．句意：它发源于青海省，向东奔流最终汇入大海。circles环绕；opens打开；drives驱使；runs奔流。根据“fromtheYellowRiver…allthewaytotheeastandfinallytothesea”可知，黄河是向东奔流到大海，所以此处用“runs”表示奔流。故选D。2．句意：因此，黄河被描述为中国的“母亲河”。described描述；made制作；boiled煮沸；mixed混合。根据“theYellowRiveris…asChina’s‘motherriver’”可知，黄河被人们描述为“母亲河”，“bedescribedas”是固定搭配表示“被描述为”。故选A。3．句意：结果，一道壮观的瀑布出现了。enters进入；drops掉落；appears出现；goes去。根据“thecalmwatersuddenlyfallsdownintoadeeppool…awonderfulwaterfall”可知，河水跌落之后形成了瀑布，所以瀑布是“出现”了。故选C。4．句意：所以这个瀑布被命名为“壶口”——意思是茶壶的“口”。mouth口；cover盖子；shape形状；size尺寸。根据“meaningthe…ofateapot”可知，“壶口”对应的是茶壶的“口”。故选A。5．句意：倾泻的水流带来了巨大的烟雾和云气，颜色从黄色变成灰色，再从灰色变成蓝色。shaking摇晃；turning转变；heating加热；facing面对。根据“fromyellowtogrey,greytoblue”可知，颜色是在转变，“turnfrom…to…”表示“从……变成……”。故选B。6．句意：人们把这一震撼人心的景象称为“河之烟”。think认为；put放置；seem似乎；call称为。根据“thisheart-shakingsight‘smokefromtheriver’”可知，人们把这个景象称为“河之烟”，“call…sth.”表示“把……称为……”。故选D。7．句意：它不总是能被看到，因为水流一直在变化，所以它被命名为“神秘石”。brought带来；dressed打扮；caught抓住；named命名。根据“it’s…‘mysteriousstone’”可知，这块石头被命名为“神秘石”，“benamed”表示“被命名为”。故选D。8．句意：在他们之中，李白的《将进酒》可能是最著名的。Between在两者之间；Around在周围；Among在三者及以上之中；Across穿过。根据“lotsofpoetsandpainters”可知，是在众多诗人画家中，用“Among”表示“在……之中（三者及以上）”。故选C。9．句意：君不见黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回？movingon继续移动；rushinginto涌入；wavingto向……挥手；dancingto随着……跳舞。根据“thesea”可知，黄河是奔涌入海，“rushinto”表示“涌入”。故选B。10．句意：四月和十月是游览壶口瀑布的最佳时间。swim游泳；visit游览；drink喝；pass经过。根据“thebesttimeto…HukouWaterfall”可知，此处指游览瀑布的最佳时间，用“visit”表示“游览”。故选B。六、任务型阅读【答案】1．TheAmazonRiver.2．ItbeginsintheAndesMountainsinPeru.3．2.5million.4．Itisthebiggestrainforestintheworld.5．如果我们失去亚马孙，我们将失去地球上很大一部分的生命。6．A7．C【导语】本文主要介绍了亚马逊河的地理特征、流量，以及它所流经的亚马逊雨林的生态多样性和对地球的重要性。1．根据“Itisthelargestriverintheworld.”可知，文中明确指出亚马逊河是世界最大河流。故填TheAmazonRiver.2．根据“TheAmazonRiverbeginsintheAndesMountainsinPeru.”可知，亚马逊河发源于秘鲁的安第斯山脉。故填ItbeginsintheAndesMountainsinPeru.3．根据“Thereare2.5millionkindsofinsects,suchastheworld’slargestant.”可知，亚马逊地区有250万种昆虫。故填2.5million.4．根据“TheAmazonRivergoesthroughtheworld’slargestrainforest.”可知，亚马逊雨林是世界最大的雨林。故填Itisthebiggestrainforestintheworld.5．lose可翻译为“失去”，在从句中作谓语动词；theAmazon可翻译为“亚马孙”，在从句中作宾语；abigpartoflife可翻译为“很大一部分生命”，在主句中作宾语；onearth可翻译为“在地球上”，在主句中作后置定语，修饰life。故填：如果我们失去亚马孙，我们将失去地球上很大一部分的生命。6．细节理解题。根据“Twentypercentofallthewaterthatgoesintooceansaroundtheworldcomesfromoneriver—theAmazonRiver.”可知，全球流入海洋的水有20%来自亚马逊河。故选A。7．细节理解题。根据“Buttherearealsogentleanimals,likethesloth(树懒)andthepinkdolphin.”可知，树懒和粉海豚是温和的动物。故选C。七、选词填空【答案】1．camp2．started3．explored4．saw5．taking6．felt7．peace8．forget9．realize10．excitement【导语】本文主要讲述去年夏天，作者一家去落基山脉露营两晚，看到了彩虹、探索了小径，观察了动植物等，并感受到了大自然的宁静，觉得这次旅行很难忘。1．句意：我们决定在那里露营两晚，以便亲近自然。根据“Wedecidedto...therefortwonightstogetclosetonature.”可知，我们决定在那里“露营”两晚。camp“露营”，动词；根据“decidedtodosth.”可知，camp保持动词原形不变。故填camp。2．句意：第一天晚上，我们正在搭帐篷时，开始下起了小雨。根据“Onthefirstevening,weweresettingupthetentwhenalightrain...”可知，天空“开始”下起了小雨。start“开始”，动词；根据“were”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，start的过去式是started。故填started。3．句意：第二天早上，我们探索了山间小径。根据“Thenextmorning,we...themountaintrails.”可知，我们“探索了”山间小径。explore“探索”，动词；本句描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，explore的过去式是explored。故填explored。4．句意：我们徒步时，看到了许多珍稀的植物和鸟类。根据“Whilewewerehiking,we...manyrareplantsandbirds.”可知，我们徒步时，“看到了”许多珍稀的植物和鸟类。see“看见”，动词；根据“were”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，see的过去式是saw。故填saw。5．句意：我妹妹正在拍照时，这时她突然大喊：“看！一只熊！”takephotos是固定搭配，意为“拍照”；再根据“Mysisterwas...photoswhen...”可知，空处位于was之后，需使用take的现在分词形式taking，构成过去进行时。故填taking。6．句意：群山很安静，我们感受到了强烈的宁静感。根据“Themountainswerequiet,andwe...astrongsenseof...”可