2026年司法考试法律英语翻译与理解试题

2026年司法考试法律英语翻译与理解试题一、法律英语翻译（共5题，每题10分，总分50分）要求：将下列中文法律条文翻译成英文。1.中国《民法典》“因不可抗力不能履行合同义务的，不承担民事责任。法律另有规定的，依照其规定。”2.美国《合同法》“Acontractisapromiseorsetofpromisesthatthelawholdsonepartytoperform.”（注：需结合中文条文补充完整翻译）3.欧盟《数据保护条例》（GDPR）“TheControllershallhavethepowertoordertheundertakingtoprovidesuchinformationashemayrequireforthepurposeofascertainingwhetheranyprocessingincontraventionofthisRegulationisbeingcarriedout.”4.英国《侵权法》“Everypersonwhocommitsatortisliableindamagesunlessheprovesthatheactedinaccordancewiththestandardofcaretobeexpectedofareasonablemaninthesamecircumstances.”5.日本《公司法》“会社は、株主の利益を保護するため、取締役は株主の利益を最優先するものとする。”二、法律英语理解（共5题，每题10分，总分50分）要求：阅读英文法律材料，回答问题。材料1（美国《证券法》片段）>"TheSecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC)istheprincipalfederalregulatoryagencyintheUnitedStates,responsibleforenforcingfederalsecuritieslawsandregulatingthesecuritiesindustry,theinvestmentindustry,andfinancialmarketsintheUnitedStates."问题1（2分）WhatisthemainfunctionoftheSECasdescribedinthetext?材料2（英国《信托法》片段）>"Atrusteemustactwiththesamecareasaprudentmanwouldexerciseinthemanagementofhisownaffairs.Thetrusteemustalsoavoidanyconflictofinterestandmustactsolelyintheinterestsofthebeneficiaries."问题2（2分）Accordingtothetext,whatistheprimarydutyofatrustee?材料3（欧盟《反垄断法》片段）>"Anyagreementbetweenundertakings,decisionbyanassociationofundertakings,orconcertedpracticewhichconstitutesanabuseofadominantpositionshallbeprohibited."问题3（2分）WhattypeofconductisprohibitedunderEUantitrustlaw,asstatedinthetext?材料4（中国《刑法》英文版片段）>"Whoevercommitsfraudagainstthestateandobtainspublicfundsorproperty,shallbepunishedbyafixed-termprisontermofnotlessthanthreeyearsbutnotmorethantenyears."问题4（2分）Whatistheminimumsentenceforthecrimeoffraudagainstthestate,accordingtothetext?材料5（国际《联合国海洋法公约》片段）>"Thehighseasareopentoallstates,whethercoastalorlandlocked.Freedomofthehighseasincludesbothfreedomofnavigationandfreedomofoverflight,andfreedomtolaysubmarinecablesandpipelines."问题5（2分）WhatrightsdostateshaveregardingthehighseasundertheUnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSea?三、法律英语案例分析（共3题，每题15分，总分45分）要求：根据案例材料，用英语回答问题。案例1（美国合同纠纷）>AU.S.companyentersintoacontractwithaChinesesuppliertopurchaseelectronics.ThecontractspecifiesthatthegoodsmustbedeliveredbyDecember1,2026.However,duetoanaturaldisasterinChina,thesuppliercannotmeetthedeadline.TheU.S.companysuesforbreachofcontract.问题1（5分）WhatlegaldefensesmighttheChinesesupplierraiseagainstthebreachofcontractclaim?问题2（5分）Ifthecourtfindsthesuppliernegligentincausingthedelay,whatremediescouldtheU.S.companyseek?问题3（5分）Howmightthepartiesresolvethisdisputewithoutlitigation?案例2（欧盟数据保护）>AGermancompanyprocessespersonaldataofEUcitizensformarketingpurposes.AnEUdataprotectionauthorityreceivescomplaintsthatthecompanyisnotcomplyingwithGDPR.Theauthorityinitiatesaninvestigation.问题1（5分）WhatarethepotentialpenaltiesfortheGermancompanyiffoundinviolationofGDPR?问题2（5分）WhatstepsshouldthecompanytaketocomplywithGDPRrequirements?问题3（5分）Howmightthecompanymitigatetheriskoffuturedatabreaches?案例3（英国侵权责任）>ApassengerboardsabusinLondon.Thedriver,distractedbyaphonecall,runsaredlightandcausesacollision.Thepassengersuffersinjuries.问题1（5分）Whatelementsmustthepassengerprovetoestablishnegligenceonthepartofthedriver?问题2（5分）Whattypesofdamagescouldthepassengerclaim?问题3（5分）Howmightthedriverdefendagainsttheclaim?答案与解析一、法律英语翻译答案与解析1.答案"Whereacontractcannotbeperformedduetoforcemajeure,thepartyshallnotbearcivilliability.Wherethelawprovidesotherwise,suchprovisionsshallprevail."解析：翻译时需准确传达“不可抗力”的法律术语（forcemajeure），并保留原文的“依照其规定”的递进关系。2.答案"Acontractisanagreementorsetofagreementsthatthelawobligatesonepartytofulfill."解析：补充“agreementorsetofagreements”以完整对应中文“承诺或一系列承诺”，同时使用“obligates”强调法律约束力。3.答案"TheControllershallhavetheauthoritytorequestsuchinformationastheControllermaydeemnecessarytodeterminewhetheranyprocessinginviolationofthisRegulationisbeingconducted."解析：翻译需体现欧盟法律文本的严谨性，如“shallhavetheauthority”“inviolationof”等。4.答案"Anypersonwhocommitsatortisliableindamagesunlessheprovesthatheactedwiththecareexpectedofareasonablepersoninthesamecircumstances."解析：准确翻译“reasonableman”标准，并保持法律文本的客观性。5.答案"Acompanymustprotecttheinterestsofitsshareholders.Directorsmustprioritizeshareholderinterestsaboveallelse."解析：将“取締役”译为“directors”，“最優先する”译为“prioritize”以符合日本公司法语境。二、法律英语理解答案与解析问题1（材料1）答案：Enforcingfederalsecuritieslawsandregulatingfinancialmarkets.解析：原文明确指出SEC的核心职责是执法和监管，故直接摘录即可。问题2（材料2）答案：Actprudentlyandinthesoleinterestofbeneficiaries.解析：原文强调信托人的“prudentcare”和“conflictofinterestavoidance”，需概括核心义务。问题3（材料3）答案：Abusiveconductbydominantundertakings.解析：原文“abuseofadominantposition”是欧盟反垄断法关键术语，需准确理解并转译。问题4（材料4）答案：Atleastthreeyears.解析：原文明确“notlessthanthreeyears”，需直译数字范围。问题5（材料5）答案：Freedomofnavigation,overflight,andlayingcables/pipelines.解析：原文列举的权利需逐项翻译并保持并列结构。三、法律英语案例分析答案与解析案例1（美国合同纠纷）1.答案：Forcemajeure,frustrationofpurpose.解析：自然灾害属于不可抗力（forcemajeure），可抗辩违约