英语四级试题2024试题

英语四级试题2024试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopic:TheImpactofShortVideoPlatformsonTraditionalReadingHabits.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionA(10points)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Therapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)istransformingtheworkplaceatanunprecedentedpace.WhileAIpromisesincreasedefficiencyandthe___1___ofnewopportunities,italsoraisessignificantconcernsaboutjobdisplacement.Manyroutineandrepetitivetasksarebecomingautomated,leadingtoashiftintheskills___2___byemployers.Criticalthinking,creativity,andcomplexproblem-solvingarenowinhigherdemandthaneverbefore.Thistransition,however,isnotwithoutitschallenges.Workersinsectorsheavily___3___byautomationmayfindtheirrolesobsolete,necessitatingretrainingandadaptation.Governmentsandeducationalinstitutionsfacetheurgenttaskof___4___workforcetothisnewreality.Lifelonglearningisnolongeraluxurybutanecessity.Individualsmustbe___5___tocontinuouslyupdatetheirskillsets.Ontheorganizationallevel,companiesmust___6___ethicalguidelinesforAIdevelopmentanddeploymenttoensurefairnessandtransparency.Thefutureofworkwilllikelybea___7___betweenhumansandmachines,whereAIhandlesdata-heavy,analyticaltasks,allowinghumansto___8___onareasrequiringemotionalintelligence,strategicinsight,andinnovation.Successfullynavigatingthisshiftrequiresproactive___9___fromallstakeholders—policymakers,educators,businessleaders,andemployeesthemselves.Embracingchangeandfosteringacultureofcontinuouslearningwillbe___10___tothrivingintheAI-augmentedera.WordBank:A)focusB)crucialC)creationD)affectedE)blendF)preparedG)demandedH)actionI)adaptJ)partnershipK)establishL)keyM)retrainingN)developO)vulnerableSectionB(20points)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneTheconceptof"urbangreenspace"encompassesparks,communitygardens,rivercorridors,andevenstreettrees.Itsvalueextendsfarbeyondmereaesthetics.Agrowingbodyofresearchconfirmsthataccesstonatureincitiesdeliversprofoundbenefitsforphysicalandmentalhealth.Studiesshowthatpeoplelivingneargreenspacesreportlowerlevelsofstress,anxiety,anddepression.Themechanismsaremultifaceted:greenspacesencouragephysicalactivity,providesettingsforsocialinteraction,andofferarespitefromtheconstantsensoryoverloadofurbanenvironments.Simplyviewingnaturecanreducephysiologicalstressmarkerslikeheartrateandcortisollevels.Forchildren,playinnaturalenvironmentsislinkedtoimprovedcognitivedevelopment,creativity,andreducedsymptomsofattentiondeficitdisorders.Fromanecologicalperspective,urbangreenspacesarevital.Theymitigatethe"urbanheatisland"effect,wherebuilt-upareasbecomesignificantlywarmerthantheirruralsurroundings.Plantscooltheairthroughshadeandevapotranspiration.Theyalsoimproveairqualitybyabsorbingpollutantsandproduceoxygen.Furthermore,greenspacesmanagestormwaterrunoff,reducingtheriskoffloodingandfilteringpollutantsbeforetheyreachwaterways.Despitethesebenefits,thedistributionofgreenspaceisoftenunequal.Wealthierneighborhoodstypicallyhavemoreandbetter-maintainedparksthanlower-incomeareas.This"greengap"contributestohealthdisparities.Cityplannersnowemphasize"greenequity"—ensuringallresidentshavefairaccesstothebenefitsofnature.Thisinvolvesnotonlycreatingnewparksinunderservedcommunitiesbutalsodesigningsmaller,interconnectedgreenfeatureslikepocketparks,greenroofs,andtree-linedstreetstoweavenatureintotheurbanfabric.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Thedesignandmaintenanceofdifferenttypesofurbanparks.B)Thehistoricaldevelopmentofgreenspacesinmajorcities.C)Themultiplebenefitsofurbangreenspacesandtheissueofunequalaccess.D)Theeconomiccostsandchallengesofbuildinggreeninfrastructure.12.Accordingtothepassage,howdogreenspacesbenefitmentalhealth?A)Byincreasingpropertyvaluesinsurroundingareas.B)Byreducingphysiologicalstressmarkersandencouragingsocialinteraction.C)Byprovidingjobopportunitiesinlandscapingandmaintenance.D)Bycompletelyeliminatingnoisepollutionfromtraffic.13.Whatdoestheterm"urbanheatislandeffect"referto?A)Thephenomenonwherecitiesarecoolerduetoabundantparks.B)Theprocessofplantscoolingairthroughevapotranspiration.C)Thewarmingeffectinbuilt-upurbanareascomparedtoruralones.D)Thepopularityofrooftopgardensinmetropolitancenters.14.Whatis"greenequity"asmentionedinthepassage?A)Sellingcarboncreditsgeneratedbyurbanforests.B)Theequaldistributionofgreenspacebenefitsacrossallcommunities.C)Usingenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialstobuildparks.D)Thefinancialprofitgainedfromoperatingpublicgardens.15.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasastrategytopromotegreenequity?A)Creatinglargecentralparksinbusinessdistricts.B)Buildingnewparksinunderservedcommunities.C)Designingsmallpocketparks.D)Developinginterconnectedgreenfeatureslikegreenroofs.PassageTwoFordecades,the"10,000-hourrule"—theideathatittakesroughlytenthousandhoursofdeliberatepracticetoachievemasteryinanyfield—hascaptivatedthepublicimagination.PopularizedbywriterMalcolmGladwell,theconceptsuggeststhatinnatetalentislessimportantthansheer,sustainedeffort.However,recentcritiquesfrompsychologistsandresearchersarechallengingthisoversimplifiedview.TheoriginalresearchbyK.AndersEricsson,onwhichGladwelllooselybasedhisrule,studiedexpertmusicians.Ericssonemphasized"deliberatepractice"—focused,structuredtrainingwithspecificgoalsandimmediatefeedback.Hedidnotclaimthat10,000hourswasamagicnumberforeveryone,butratherthatexpertsinhisstudyhadaccumulatedroughlythatamount.Subsequentstudiesinotherdomains,likesportsorchess,showwidevariationinthehoursneededtoreachelitelevels.Criticsarguethattheruleignorestheroleofinnatefactors.Whilepracticeisundeniablyessential,factorssuchasstartingage,cognitiveabilities,personalitytraits(likegritandopennesstofeedback),andevengeneticpredispositionscaninfluencetherateofskillacquisitionandtheultimateceilingofperformance.Forinstance,aperson'sworkingmemorycapacitymightaffecthowquicklytheycanintegratecomplexinformationduringpractice.Moreover,thequalityandtypeofpracticematterimmensely.Mindlesslyrepeatingataskfor10,000hoursisunlikelytoleadtoexpertise.Effectivedeliberatepracticeisoftenuncomfortable,requiresconstantself-assessment,andtargetsweaknesses.Thelearningenvironment,accesstoqualitycoaching,andresourcesalsoplaycrucialroles.Thedangerofthe10,000-hourrule,somepsychologistswarn,isthatitcanleadtoafalsesenseofpromiseordespair.Individualsmightbelievethatanyonecanachieveanythingwithenoughhours,overlookingnaturalconstraints.Conversely,othersmayfeeldiscouragedfromstartinganewskill,intimidatedbythemassivetimecommitmentimplied.Amorenuancedunderstandingacknowledgespracticeastheprimarydriverofskillbutwithinaframeworkshapedbyindividualdifferencesandcontextualfactors.16.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A)Tofullyendorseandexplainthemethodologybehindthe10,000-hourrule.B)TodescribeMalcolmGladwell'scontributionstopsychologicalresearch.C)Topresentcritiquesandamorenuancedviewofthepopular10,000-hourrule.D)Toprovethatinnatetalentisthesoledeterminantofsuccessinanyfield.17.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidK.AndersEricsson'soriginalresearchprimarilyemphasize?A)Theexactnumberof10,000hoursasauniversalrequirement.B)Theconceptof"deliberatepractice"withspecificcharacteristics.C)Thesuperiorityofinnatetalentoverpracticedeffort.D)Thegeneticfactorsinfluencingmusicalability.18.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasafactorcriticssaythe10,000-hourruleoverlooks?A)Theimportanceofimmediatefinancialrewards.B)Theroleofinnatecognitiveabilitiesandstartingage.C)Theneedforexpensiveequipmentduringpractice.D)Theinfluenceofsocialmediaonlearninghabits.19.Whatisapotentialnegativeconsequenceofthepopularized10,000-hourrulementionedinthepassage?A)Itmaycausepeopletooverestimatetheimportanceofgoodcoaching.B)Itmayleadtoexcessivespendingonpracticematerials.C)Itmaycreateunrealisticexpectationsordiscouragelearners.D)Itmayreducetheoverallpopularityofsportsandmusic.20.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentstheauthor'sconcludingviewonskillacquisition?A)Practiceisirrelevantcomparedtogeneticpredisposition.B)Tenthousandhoursofanypracticeguaranteesmastery.C)Practiceiskey,butindividualdifferencesandcontextalsoshapeoutcomes.D)Deliberatepracticeisonlyeffectiveforlearningmusicalinstruments.SectionC(10points)Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).Verticalfarming,thepracticeofgrowingcropsinverticallystackedlayersindoors,oftenusingsoillesstechniqueslikehydroponics,isgainingtractionasapotentialsolutiontoseveralagriculturalchallenges.Bycontrollingtemperature,light,andnutrients,thesefarmscanproducecropsyear-round,independentofweatherconditions.Theyuseupto95%lesswaterthantraditionalfarminganddrasticallyreducetheneedforpesticidessincethecontrolledenvironmentminimizespestinfestations.Amajoradvantageisproximitytourbanconsumers,cuttingtransportationcosts,carbonemissions,andfoodmiles.However,significanthurdlesremain.Theinitialsetupcostforaverticalfarmisextremelyhigh,involvinginvestmentsinlightingsystems(oftenLED),climatecontrol,sensors,andautomationtechnology.Energyconsumptionisacriticalconcern;theelectricityrequiredforpowerfulgrowlightscanbesubstantial,potentiallyoffsettingtheenvironmentalbenefitsofreducedtransportationiftheenergycomesfromnon-renewablesources.Currently,verticalfarmsaremosteconomicallyviableforhigh-value,fast-growingleafygreensandherbs.Scalinguptostaplecropslikewheatorriceremainstechnologicallyandeconomicallychallenging.Despitethesechallenges,continuousadvancementsinLEDefficiency,renewableenergyintegration,andautomationaremakingverticalfarmingmorepromising.Itisunlikelytoreplacetraditionalagriculturebutcouldbecomeacrucialcomplementarysystem,enhancingfoodsecurity,especiallyindenselypopulatedurbanareasandregionswithlimitedarableland.21.Whatisonemajorenvironmentalbenefitofverticalfarmingmentionedinthepassage?22.Whyisenergyconsumptionacriticalconcernforverticalfarms?23.Whattypeofcropsarecurrentlymostsuitableforverticalfarming?24.Theauthorbelievesverticalfarmingwilllikelyserveasa______totraditionalagriculture.25.Wherecouldverticalfarmingbeparticularlybeneficialaccordingtothepassage?PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的视觉艺术，已有三千多年的历史。它不仅是交流的工具，更是情感和审美表达的重要方式。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度、速度和方向，在纸上创造出千变万化的线条。每一幅书法作品都反映了艺术家的个性、修养和瞬间的情感。练习书法被认为有助于修身养性，培养耐心和专注力。如今，尽管数字技术日益普及，书法仍作为一门珍贵的传统艺术被广泛研习和欣赏，成为中国文化遗产的重要组成部分。PartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Haveyoueverexperienced"tipofthetongue"state?It'sthatfrustratingfeelingwhenyou'recertainyouknowawordoraname,butyoujustcan'tretrieveitatthatmoment.Psychologistscallthisphenomenon"lethologica."Whileitcanbeannoying,it'saverycommonmemoryglitchthat___26___almosteveryone.Researchsuggeststhatthisstateoccurswhenthere'satemporary___27___inthebrain'sabilitytoaccessaspecificpieceofinformationstoredinlong-termmemory.It'snotthatthememoryislost;it'ssimplymomentarily___28___.Thebrainoftenretrievespartialinformation,likethefirstletter,thenumberofsyllables,orwordswithsimilar___29___,whichconvincesyouthatrecallisimminent.Frequencyofuseand___30___playarole.Lessfrequentlyusedwordsornamesofpeopleyouhaven'tseeninyearsaremore___31___totriggerthisstate.Interestingly,bilingualormultilingualindividualsmightexperienceitmoreoften,astheyhavetonavigateand___32___betweenmultiplelexicalsystems.Agingisafactor,too.The"tipofthetongue"experiencebecomesmore___33___aswegetolder.Thisisgenerallyconsideredanormalpartofcognitiveagingrelatedtoaslightslowdowninprocessingspeedandretrievalefficiency,___34___itisnot,byitself,asignofseriousmemorydisorderslikedementia.Whatcanyoudowhenithappens?Strugglingharderoften___35___.It'sbettertorelaxandshiftyourattentiontosomethingelse.Often,theelusivewordwillpopintoyourmind___36___whenyoustopconsciouslysearchingforit.Ifyouneedthewordurgently,tryingto___37___itbythinkingofrelatedcontextsorsynonymscansometimeshelp___38___thementalblock.So,thenexttimeawordescapesyou,don'tpanic.It'smerelyasignthatyourvastandcomplexmemorysystemisworking—justwithatiny,temporaryhiccup.Understandingthiscanmaketheexperienceless___39___andevenallowyouto___40___itwithabitofcuriosityabouthowyourownmindworks.26.A)affectsB)effectsC)infectsD)reflects27.A)breakdownB)breakthroughC)breakupD)breakout28.A)invaluableB)invisibleC)inaccessibleD)inevitable29.A)meaningsB)spellingsC)soundsD)origins30.A)recencyB)frequencyC)urgencyD)tendency31.A)possibleB)likelyC)probableD)alike32.A)chooseB)switchC)distinguishD)separate33.A)frequentB)rareC)significantD)trivial34.A)ifB)unlessC)asD)although35.A)worksB)functionsC)failsD)succeeds36.A)spontaneouslyB)deliberatelyC)reluctantlyD)consequently37.A)rememberB)recallC)recognizeD)retrieve38.A)breakB)formC)strengthenD)identify39.A)stressfulB)wonderfulC)forgetfulD)helpful40.A)avoidB)regretC)approachD)ignore---答案(AnswerKey)PartIWriting(ModelEssay)Theproliferationofshortvideoplatformshassignificantlyalteredourinformationconsumptionpatterns,posinganotableimpactontraditionalreadinghabits.Theseplatformsofferbite-sized,visuallystimulatingcontentthatprovidesinstantgratification,contrastingsharplywiththesustainedfocusrequiredforreadingbooksorlongarticles.Consequently,manypeople,especiallytheyoungergeneration,findtheirattentionspansshorteningandtheirpatiencefordeepreadingdiminishing.Whileshortvideoscanbeasourceofquickknowledgeandentertainment,overrelianceonthemmayleadtofragmentedthinkingandasuperficialunderstandingofcomplexsubjects.Therefore,itiscrucialtostrikeabalance,usingtheseplatformsassupplementsratherthanreplacements,andconsciouslypreservingthetimeandspaceforimmersive,traditionalreadingtocultivatedepthandcriticalanalysis.PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.C)creation2.G)demanded3.D)affected4.I)adapt5.F)prepared6.K)establish7.J)partnership8.A)focus9.H)action10.L)keySectionB11.C)Themultiplebenefitsofurbangreenspacesandtheissueofunequalaccess.12.B)Byreducingphysiologicalstressmarkersandencouragingsocialinteraction.13.C)Thewarmingeffectinbuilt-upurbanareascomparedtoruralones.14.