英语四级试题分值分布

英语四级试题分值分布

PartIWriting(30minutes,15%)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopicTheImportanceofDevelopingCriticalThinkingintheDigitalAge.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40%)SectionA(10%)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitem.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theriseofsocialmediahasfundamentallyalteredhowpeoplecommunicateandconsumeinformation.Whiletheseplatformsofferunprecedentedopportunitiesforconnectionandknowledgesharing,theyalsopresentsignificantchallenges.Onemajorconcernisthespreadofmisinformation.Algorithmsdesignedtomaximizeuserengagementoftencreate"echochambers,"whereindividualsareprimarilyexposedtocontentthat1)________theirexistingbeliefs.Thiscanreinforcebiasesandmakeitdifficultforpeopleto2)________objectivefacts.Furthermore,theconstantstreamofcuratedcontentcanleadtoinformationoverloadandanxiety.Tonavigatethiscomplexlandscape,itis3)________forindividualstodevelopstrongdigitalliteracyskills.Thisincludestheabilityto4)________thecredibilityofsources,recognizelogicalfallacies,andthinkcriticallyaboutthecontentoneencounters.Educationalinstitutionsplayavitalrolein5)________theseskillsfromayoungage.Byteachingstudentsnotjustwhattothinkbuthowtothink,wecanempowerthemtobecomediscerning6)________ofinformationratherthanpassiverecipients.Ultimately,fosteringasocietycapableofcritical7)________isnotjustbeneficialforpersonaldecision-makingbutisalso8)________forthehealthofdemocraticdiscourse.Inanerawhereanyonecanpublishanything,theabilitytosifttruthfromfalsehoodbecomesacornerstoneofaninformedcitizenry.Thisrequiresaconsciouseffortfromindividuals,educators,andplatform9)________aliketoprioritizetruthandrational10)________overmereengagement.WordBankA)criticalB)consumersC)evaluateD)essentialE)fostersF)reinforcesG)accessH)cultivatingI)discernJ)debateK)designersL)crucialM)analysisN)encounterO)reliableSectionB(10%)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbytenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.TheHiddenCostofConvenience:SubscriptionServices[A]Themodernconsumerissurroundedbythepromiseofconvenience.Foralowmonthlyfee,youcanhaveendlessentertainment,freshlyroastedcoffeedeliveredtoyourdoor,arotatingwardrobe,orevenacuratedselectionofsnacks.Subscriptionservices,fromstreaminggiantstonicheproductboxes,haveexplodedinpopularity,offeringpersonalizedexperiencesandfreeingusfromtheburdenofrepeateddecision-making.[B]Thismodelishighlyprofitableforcompanies.Itgeneratespredictable,recurringrevenueandbuildsadirectrelationshipwiththecustomer.Theinitialsign-upprocessisoftensimple,sometimeswithatemptingfreetrial.Thepsychological"hook"ispowerful:theservicebecomesaseamlesspartofourlives,andthemonthlychargefeelssmallenoughtoignore.Cancelling,however,isfrequentlymademoredifficult—aprocessknownas"roachmotel"design(easytogetinto,hardtogetoutof).[C]Forconsumers,theaggregatedcostcanbesignificant.Whatstartsastwoorthreesubscriptionscanquietlymultiply.Theindividualfees,oftenbetween$5and$15,seemnegligible,butcollectivelytheycandrainhundredsofdollarsannuallyfromabudget.Thisphenomenoniscalled"subscriptioncreep."Manyusersunderestimatetheirtotalspendingbecausepaymentsareautomatedanddecentralizedacrossdifferentplatformsandcreditcards.[D]Beyondthefinancialimpact,subscriptionscanalterourconsumptionhabitsandsenseofownership.Musicandmoviestreaming,forexample,haveshiftedusfromowningalbumsorfilmstorentingaccesstovastlibraries.Thisgrantsincrediblevarietybutmakesourculturalconsumptiondependentoncontinuedpaymentsandlicensingagreementsbetweencorporations.Afavoriteshoworalbumcandisappearfromaplatformwithlittlenotice.[E]Theenvironmentalcostisanothergrowingconcern.Subscriptionboxesforphysicalgoods,whileexcitingtoreceive,generatesubstantialpackagingwaste.Theconstantcycleofshippingindividualboxes,oftenwithplasticpaddingandnon-recyclablematerials,hasaconsiderablecarbonfootprint.Furthermore,themodelencouragesconsumptionofitemsthatmaynotbeneeded,leadingtowasteiftheproductsarenotfullyused.[F]Therearestrategiestomanagesubscriptionfatigue.Expertsrecommendconductingaregular"subscriptionaudit."Thisinvolveslistingeveryactivesubscription,itscost,andfrequency,andthenhonestlyassessingthevaluederivedfromeach.Manyfindtheyarepayingforservicestheyrarelyuse.Anothertacticistouseprepaiddebitcardsforsign-upstoavoidunexpectedchargesafteratrialends.[G]Ultimately,subscriptionservicesareatool.Theyoffergenuinevaluewhentheyaligncloselywithourneedsandlifestyles.Thedangerliesinpassiveaccumulation.Bybringingconsciousawarenesstooursubscriptions—treatingeachasanactivechoiceratherthanadefaultsetting—wecanreclaimcontroloverourfinances,ourconsumption,andourattention.1.Thebusinessmodelofsubscriptionservicesprovidescompanieswithstableandpredictableincome.2.Theterm"subscriptioncreep"referstothegradualandoftenunnoticedincreaseinthenumberofsubscriptionsonepaysfor.3.Somecompaniesintentionallydesigntheircancellationprocesstobecomplicatedtoretaincustomers.4.Conductingaperiodicreviewofallsubscriptionsissuggestedasawaytomanagethemeffectively.5.Theshiftfromowningmediatoaccessingitthroughsubscriptionsmakesourculturalexperiencelesspermanent.6.Amajorsellingpointofsubscriptionservicesisthattheyreducetheneedforcustomerstomakechoicesrepeatedly.7.Theenvironmentalimpactofsubscriptionboxesincludessignificantwastefrompackagingandshipping.8.Thesmallmonthlyfeeofasinglesubscriptionservicetendstobeoverlookedbyconsumers.9.Usingprepaidcardsforfreetrialscanpreventbeingchargedunintentionally.10.Thefundamentalbenefitofsubscriptionsisrealizedonlywhentheyareconsciouslychosentomatchpersonalrequirements.SectionC(20%)Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intherealmofartificialintelligence,asignificantdistinctionisoftenmadebetween"narrowAI"and"generalAI."NarrowAI,alsoknownasweakAI,isdesignedtoperformaspecifictaskorasetofcloselyrelatedtasks.Itoperatesunderalimitedsetofconstraintsandcannotfunctionbeyonditspredefineddomain.ExamplesofnarrowAIareeverywhereinourdailylives:recommendationalgorithmsonstreamingsites,voiceassistantslikeSiriorAlexa,spamfiltersinemail,andfacialrecognitionsoftware.Thesesystemscanoutperformhumansintheirspecificdomainsduetotheirabilitytoprocessvastamountsofdataquicklyandidentifycomplexpatterns.However,theylackunderstanding,consciousness,ortheabilitytoapplyknowledgetounrelatedproblems.GeneralAI,orstrongAI,referstoahypotheticalmachinethatpossessestheabilitytounderstand,learn,andapplyintelligenceacrossawiderangeofcognitivetasks,muchlikeahumanbeing.ThistypeofAIwouldnotbelimitedtoonedomainbutcouldtransferknowledgeandskillsfromoneareatoanother,demonstratingadaptabilityandgenuineproblem-solvingcapabilities.Itwouldhaveaformofconsciousnessandself-awareness.Todate,truegeneralAIremainsatheoreticalconceptandalong-termgoalofsomeAIresearchers.ThecreationofgeneralAIraisesprofoundethicalandphilosophicalquestionsaboutconsciousness,rights,andthefuturerelationshipbetweenhumansandmachines.ThecurrentexplosionofAIapplicationsandadvancementsprimarilyconcernsnarrowAI.Theprogressinmachinelearning,particularlydeeplearning,hasdriventhisboom.Whilethesesystemsarebecomingincreasinglysophisticated,theyarestilltoolsthatextendhumancapabilitiesratherthanautonomousentitieswiththeirowngoals.ThedebatecontinuesaboutthetimelineandfeasibilityofachievinggeneralAI,withopinionsrangingfromitbeinginevitablewithindecadestoitbeinganunattainablegoal.46.WhatisakeycharacteristicofnarrowAI?A)Itpossessesself-awarenessandconsciousness.B)Itcantransferlearnedskillstoentirelydifferenttasks.C)Itisdesignedtooperatewithinaspecificandlimiteddomain.D)Itisprimarilyatheoreticalconceptwithnoreal-worldapplications.47.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisanexampleofnarrowAI?A)Arobotthatcanengageinphilosophicaldebates.B)Asoftwarethatrecommendsmoviesbasedonyourviewinghistory.C)Amachinethatcanlearntoperformanyintellectualtaskahumancan.D)Acomputersystemthatdevelopsitsowngoalsandmotivations.48.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutgeneralAI?A)Itiswidelyusedintoday'sconsumertechnology.B)Ithasalreadybeenachievedbyleadingtechcompanies.C)Itraisesimportantethicalquestionsforsociety.D)ItislesssophisticatedthancurrentnarrowAIsystems.49.ThecurrentrapiddevelopmentinAIismainlyattributedtoadvancesin______.A)generalAItheoryB)quantumcomputingC)deeplearningandmachinelearningD)hardwaremanufacturingonly50.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A)TowarnabouttheimmediatedangersofgeneralAI.B)ToexplainthedifferencebetweentwofundamentaltypesofAI.C)TopromotethecommercialapplicationsofnarrowAI.D)ToarguethatgeneralAIwillneverbeachieved.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptof"urbangreenspace"encompassesparks,communitygardens,greenways,andevenstreettreeswithincities.Foralongtime,thesespaceswereviewedprimarilyasaestheticamenities—nicetohave,butnotessential.Contemporaryresearch,however,hasfirmlyestablishedthataccesstonatureinurbansettingsprovidesprofoundbenefitsforhumanhealthandwell-being,makingitacriticalcomponentofpublichealthinfrastructure.Physically,greenspacesencourageactivity.Theyprovidevenuesforwalking,cycling,playingsports,orsimplyrelaxingoutdoors,whichcanhelpcombatsedentarylifestylesassociatedwithurbanliving.Studieshavelinkedproximitytoparkswithlowerratesofobesity,heartdisease,anddiabetes.Furthermore,vegetationimprovesairqualitybyfilteringpollutantsandproducingoxygen,anditcanmitigatethe"urbanheatisland"effect,wherecityareasbecomesignificantlywarmerthantheirruralsurroundings.Thementalhealthbenefitsareequallycompelling.Exposuretogreenspaceshasbeenshowntoreducestress,anxiety,andsymptomsofdepression.Themechanismsarethoughttoinvolveacombinationoffactors:thecalmingeffectofnaturalscenery,opportunitiesforsocialinteraction,andthepromotionofphysicalactivity.Somestudiesevensuggestthataccesstonaturecanimprovecognitivefunctionandattentioninbothchildrenandadults,aphenomenonsometimescalledthe"attentionrestorationtheory."Despitethisevidence,accesstoqualitygreenspaceisoftenunequal.Wealthierneighborhoodstypicallyhavemoreandbetter-maintainedparksthanlower-incomeareas.This"greengap"contributestohealthdisparities,denyingthewell-documentedbenefitsofnaturetothosewhomayneedthemmost.Urbanplannersandpublichealthadvocatesareincreasinglycallingforequitabledistributionofgreeninfrastructureasamatterofsocialjusticeandhealthequity.Investinginparks,plantingstreettreesinunderservedcommunities,andcreatingaccessiblegreencorridorsarenolongerjustaboutbeautification;theyarestrategicinvestmentsinthephysicalandmentalhealthoftheurbanpopulation.51.Howhastheperceptionofurbangreenspaceschangedaccordingtothepassage?A)Theyarenowseenaslessimportantduetourbandevelopment.B)Theywereonceconsideredmerelydecorativebutarenowviewedasvitalforpublichealth.C)Theirprimaryvaluehasalwaysbeenrecognizedaspromotingphysicalactivity.D)Theyarenowconsideredrelevantonlyformentalhealthbenefits.52.Whichofthefollowingisaphysicalhealthbenefitofurbangreenspacesmentionedinthepassage?A)Increasingsocialinequality.B)Reducingtheurbanheatislandeffect.C)Raisingtheaveragetemperatureofacity.D)Promotingsedentarylifestyles.53.Whatisthe"attentionrestorationtheory"mentionedinthepassageassociatedwith?A)Theeconomicvalueofparks.B)Theimprovementofcognitivefunctionthroughnatureexposure.C)Theroleofgardensincommunitybuilding.D)Thehistoricaldesignofurbanparks.54.Whatproblemdoesthe"greengap"referto?A)Thelackofscientificresearchongreenspaces.B)Thedifficultyinmaintaininglargeparks.C)Theunequaldistributionofgreenspacesbetweenrichandpoorareas.D)Thegapbetweenthepromisedandactualbenefitsofurbanvegetation.55.Whatisthemainargumentofthepassage?A)Urbandevelopmentshouldprioritizecommercialareasovergreenspaces.B)Greenspacesareniceforrecreationbutarenotanecessarypartofcityplanning.C)Accesstonatureincitiesisacrucial,yetunevenlydistributed,publichealthasset.D)Onlywealthycitizenscantrulyenjoythebenefitsofurbanparks.PartIIITranslation(15%)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateaparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouranswer.中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的传统艺术，已有三千多年的历史。它不仅仅是书写汉字的方法，更是一种表达情感和精神的艺术形式。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度、速度和方向，创造出具有美感和个性的字体。练习书法需要极大的耐心和专注，被认为是一种修身养性的方式。今天，尽管数字技术日益普及，中国书法仍然深受人们喜爱，被视为中华文化的重要象征。PartIVWriting(15%)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthechartbelow.Youshouldsummarizethechartandgiveyourcomments.Writeatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Thechartshowstheprimarypurposesforwhichpeopleuseshortvideoapps(e.g.,TikTok,Kwai)inChinain2023.|Purpose|PercentageofUsers||:---|:---||Forentertainmentandrelaxation|85%||Tolearnnewskillsorknowledge(e.g.,cooking,DIY)|62%||Tofollownewsandcurrentevents|48%||Toshopforproducts(socialcommerce)|35%||Toconnectwithfriendsorfamily|28%