英语四级试题册2022

英语四级试题册2022

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofdevelopingasenseofcommunity.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theriseofremoteworkhasfundamentallyalteredthetraditionalofficelandscape.Whileofferingflexibility,italsopresentssignificantchallengestomaintainingteamcohesionandasharedsenseofpurpose.Withoutthespontaneousinteractionsofaphysicalworkplace,employeescanfeelisolated,leadingtodecreased1.______andpotentialdeclinesinmentalwell-being.Therefore,companiesmustbe2.______infosteringavirtualcommunity.Thisgoesbeyondmere3.______meetings.Effectivestrategiesincludecreatingonline"watercooler"channelsforinformalchat,organizingvirtualteam-buildingactivitiesthataregenuinelyengaging,and4.______recognizingbothindividualandgroupachievements.Leadersneedto5.______communicatetheorganization'sgoalsandvalues,ensuringeveryonefeelsaligned.Furthermore,investingintherightcollaborationtoolsisnotjustatechnicalissuebuta6.______one,asseamlessinteractionbuildstrust.Itisalsocrucialtorespectboundaries;always-onculturecanleadto7.______.Encouragingemployeestohave8.______workhoursanddisconnectispartofahealthycommunity.Ultimately,buildingastrongremotecommunityrequires9.______effortandintentionaldesign.Itisaboutcreatinganenvironmentwheretrustis10.______,supportisreadilyavailable,andeverymemberfeelsvaluedandconnected,despitethephysicaldistance.WordBank:A)burnoutB)coherentlyC)cultivationD)dedicatedE)deliberateF)engagementG)explicitH)nurturedI)periodicJ)productivityK)profoundL)psychologicalM)punctualN)routinelyO)strategicSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.TheHiddenCostofConvenience:SubscriptionModelsInthedigitalage,thesubscriptioneconomyhasboomed.Fromstreamingservicesandsoftwaretomealkitsandrazors,consumersareincreasinglyoptingfortheconvenienceofrecurringpaymentsforcontinuousaccessorsupply.Thismodeloffersbenefits:predictablerevenueforbusinessesandhassle-freeaccessforcustomers.However,agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststheremaybeasignificanthiddencosttothisconvenience—financialdrainandapsychologicalphenomenonknownas"subscriptioncreep."Subscriptioncreepreferstothegradualaccumulationofmultiplesmallsubscriptionfeesthatindividuallyseeminsignificantbutcollectivelyadduptoasubstantialmonthlyexpense.Unlikeone-timepurchases,thesecostsarerecurringandoftenautomated,makingthemeasytooverlook.Ausermightsubscribetoastreamingserviceforoneshow,acloudstorageplanforextraspace,apremiummusicservicead-freeexperience,andseveralnewsormagazineapps.Eachmightcostbetween$5and$15permonth.Alone,theyaremanageable.Together,theycansilentlyconsumealargeportionofone'sdiscretionarybudget.Thepsychologybehindthisislinkedtowhatbehavioraleconomistscallthe"painofpaying."Large,one-timepurchasestriggeranimmediateemotionalresponse(pain),whichcandeterspending.Small,automated,andrecurringpaymentsminimizethispain,makingiteasierforconsumerstocommitandharderforthemtonoticethecumulativeeffect.Furthermore,theactofcancelingasubscriptionofteninvolvesnavigatingwebsites,rememberingpasswords,andconfrontingretentionoffers—creatingfrictionthatdiscouragescancellationevenwhentheserviceisrarelyused.Thismodelalsoshiftsconsumptionfromownershiptoaccess.Whilethiscanbeefficient(e.g.,accessingavastlibraryofmovieswithoutowningDVDs),itcreatesapermanentfinancialobligation.Thecontentorserviceisavailableonlyaslongaspaymentscontinue.There'sariskoffeelingperpetually"rented"andlackingtangibleassets.Tocombatsubscriptioncreep,financialadvisorsrecommendconductingregular"subscriptionaudits."Thisinvolveslistingeveryactivesubscription,assessingitsusageandvalue,andruthlesslycancelingthosethatarenolongeressential.Turningoffauto-renewalandoptingforannualpayments(ifitoffersadiscountandtheserviceisvalued)canalsoprovidemoreconsciouscontrolovertheseexpenses.Thekeyistomovefrompassive,automatedconsumptiontoactive,intentionalfinancialmanagement.11.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A)Thetechnologicaladvancementsenablingsubscriptionservices.B)Thecompetitiveadvantagesofthesubscriptionmodelforbusinesses.C)Thepsychologicalandfinancialdrawbacksofwidespreadsubscriptionuse.D)Thehistoricalevolutionofconsumerpaymentmethods.12.Whatdoestheterm"subscriptioncreep"primarilyreferto?A)Theslowexpansionofsubscriptionservicesintonewmarkets.B)Thegradualincreaseinthemonthlyfeeofasinglesubscription.C)Theunnoticedaccumulationofmultiplesmallrecurringcharges.D)Thepsychologicaldiscomfortassociatedwithmonthlypayments.13.Accordingtobehavioraleconomics,whyaresubscriptionpaymentseasilyoverlooked?A)Theyarealwaysbundledwithotheressentialservices.B)Theyinvolvecomplexcontractsthatarehardtounderstand.C)Theyminimizetheimmediateemotional"painofpaying."D)Theyarepromotedthroughaggressiveadvertisingcampaigns.14.Whatismentionedasadisadvantageoftheaccess-over-ownershipmodel?A)Itleadstolowerqualityofdigitalcontent.B)Itrequiresconstantinternetconnectivity.C)Itresultsinalackofpermanentownershipandongoingcost.D)Itdiscouragesinnovationamongserviceproviders.15.Whatisasuggestedmethodtomanagesubscriptionexpenseseffectively?A)Subscribingonlytoannualplansforallservices.B)Regularlyreviewingandcancelingunusedsubscriptions.C)Usingasinglepaymentmethodforallsubscriptions.D)Avoidingalldigitalsubscriptionservicesentirely.SectionCDirections:Thereareseveralpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Urbangreenspaces,suchasparks,gardens,andtree-linedstreets,areoftenhailedasvital"lungs"forcities,providingaestheticandrecreationalbenefits.However,theirvalueextendsfarbeyondbeautyandleisure.Arobustbodyofscientificevidencenowunderscorestheircriticalroleinpublichealth,environmentalsustainability,andsocialequity.Fromahealthperspective,accesstogreenspacesencouragesphysicalactivity,reducesstress,andimprovesmentalhealth.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplelivingnearparkshavelowerratesofobesity,heartdisease,anddepression.Furthermore,treesandplantsimproveairqualitybyabsorbingpollutantsandproducingoxygen,directlycombatingrespiratoryissues.Theyalsomitigatethe"urbanheatisland"effectbyprovidingshadeandreleasingmoisture,reducingheat-relatedillnessesduringsummer.Environmentally,greenspacesmanagestormwaterrunoff,reducingfloodrisksandfilteringpollutantsbeforetheyreachwaterways.Theysupporturbanbiodiversity,offeringhabitatsforbirds,insects,andsmallmammals,whichcontributestoecosystemresilience.Perhapsmostimportantly,greenspacesareamatterofsocialjustice.Historically,affluentneighborhoodshavehadgreateraccesstowell-maintainedparks.Investingingreeninfrastructureinunderservedcommunitiescanaddressthisimbalance,providingequalhealthbenefitsandenhancingcommunitycohesion.Theybecomespacesforsocialinteraction,reducingfeelingsofisolation.Despitetheirbenefits,urbangreenspacesfacethreatsfromdevelopmentpressuresandbudgetcuts.Theirpreservationandequitableexpansionrequirerecognizingthemnotasoptionalluxuriesbutasessentialpublichealthinfrastructure.Cityplannersandpolicymakersmustprioritizegreenspaceintegrationintourbandevelopmentagendastobuildhealthier,moresustainable,andmorejustcities.16.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A)Todescribethedifferenttypesofurbangreenspaces.B)Toarguefortheessential,multifacetedvalueofurbangreenspaces.C)Tocriticizetheunequaldistributionofparksincities.D)Toexplainthetechnicalprocessofcreatingurbanparks.17.Accordingtothepassage,howdogreenspacesdirectlyimprovephysicalhealth?A)Byprovidingfreerecreationalfacilities.B)Byencouragingexerciseandimprovingairquality.C)Byincreasingpropertyvaluesinsurroundingareas.D)Byhostingcommunityhealthworkshops.18.Whatenvironmentalfunctionofgreenspacesismentioned?A)Generatingsolarenergy.B)Reducingnoisepollutioncompletely.C)Managingstormwaterandsupportingbiodiversity.D)Recyclingurbanwaste.19.Whydoestheauthormention"affluentneighborhoods"inParagraph4?A)Tosuggestthatonlywealthyareasdeservegreenspaces.B)Tohighlightahistoricalinequityinaccesstogreenspaces.C)Toarguethatpropertyvaluesdependonparkaccess.D)Topraisetheeffortsofwealthycommunitiesinparkmaintenance.20.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestcityplannersshoulddo?A)Focusondevelopingmorecommercialcenters.B)Treatgreenspacesasessentialinfrastructure.C)Relocatepopulationstoareaswithmoreparks.D)Privatizethemanagementofallpublicparks.PassageTwoQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptof"deepwork,"coinedbyauthorandprofessorCalNewport,describestheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask.Itisaskillthatallowsindividualstoquicklymastercomplicatedinformationandproducehigh-qualityresults.Inanageofconstantnotifications,socialmedia,andopen-planoffices,deepworkisbecomingbothincreasinglyvaluableandnotoriouslydifficulttoachieve.Newportcontrastsdeepworkwith"shallowwork":non-cognitivelydemanding,logistical-styletasksoftenperformedwhiledistracted.Theseincludeansweringmostemails,attendingroutinemeetings,andbrowsingtheinternet.Whilenecessary,shallowworkdoesnotcreatemuchnewvalueandiseasytoreplicate.Themodernworkplace,however,ofteninadvertentlyrewardsvisiblebusyness(shallowwork)overconcentratedeffort(deepwork).Cultivatingdeepworkrequiresdeliberatepracticeandenvironmentaldesign.Strategiesincludeestablishingritualsandroutinestosignalthestartoffocusedtime,settingspecificandambitiousgoalsforeachdeepworksession,andembracingboredombyresistingtheurgetoturntodigitaldistractionsattheslightesthintofmentalfatigue.Physically,findingorcreatingadistraction-freespaceiscrucial.Thismightmeanworkinginaquietlibrary,usingtoolstoblockdistractingwebsites,oradvocatingfor"focushours"withinacompany.Thebenefitsareprofound.Deepworkenablesfasterlearningandskillacquisition.Itleadstohigherqualityoutputandinnovation,ascomplexproblemsrequiresustainedattentiontosolve.Onapersonallevel,thesenseoffulfillmentfromintenseconcentrationoftensurpassesthatfromfragmented,busywork.Inacompetitiveeconomywheretheabilitytolearnandexecutecomplextasksisparamount,cultivatingthehabitofdeepworkcanprovideasignificantprofessionaledge.21.Whatis"deepwork"accordingtothepassage?A)Workingforlonghourswithoutabreak.B)Focused,undistractedeffortondemandingtasks.C)Completingalargevolumeofroutineadministrativework.D)Collaborativeworkoncomplexprojects.22.Howdoesthemodernworkplaceoftenevaluateemployeeperformance,assuggestedinthepassage?A)Bythequalityofdeepworkproduced.B)Bytheabilitytoavoidallmeetings.C)Bythevisibilityofbusyness(shallowwork).D)Bythenumberofskillsacquired.23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedasastrategyforcultivatingdeepwork?A)Settingambitiousgoalsforfocusedsessions.B)Learningtotolerateboredomwithoutdigitaldistraction.C)Checkingemailsfrequentlytostayontopofcommunication.D)Creatingphysicalordigitalenvironmentsfreefrominterruptions.24.Whatisakeypersonalbenefitofdeepworkmentionedinthepassage?A)Itguaranteesapromotion.B)Itleadstoagreatersenseoffulfillment.C)Itreducesthetotalnumberofworkhoursneeded.D)Iteliminatestheneedforcollaboration.25.Whyisdeepworkconsideredacompetitiveadvantage?A)Itallowsemployeestoworkremotelyexclusively.B)Itisarareskillthatenablescomplexproblem-solvingandlearning.C)Itmakesallshallowworkunnecessary.D)Itishighlyvaluedinallcorporatecultures.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateaparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的视觉艺术，其历史与汉字本身一样悠久。这门艺术不仅仅是书写，更是书写者情感、品格和审美追求的表达。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度、速度和方向，创造出千变万化的线条与形态。练习书法需要极大的耐心和专注，它被认为是一种修身养性的方式。如今，尽管数字技术日益普及，中国书法仍然深受人们喜爱，被视为中华文化的瑰宝。PartIVParagraphWriting(15minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteashortparagraphofabout80-100wordssummarizingthekeychallengesofremoteworkmentionedinSectionAofReadingComprehensionandsuggestingonepossiblesolution.Writeyourparagraphdirectly.---答案(AnswerKey)PartIWriting(Note:Thisisasampleessay.Studentanswerswillvary.)Developingastrongsenseofcommunityiscrucialintoday'sfragmentedworld.Itfostersbelonging,support,andsharedpurposeamongindividuals.Inworkplaces,itboostscollaborationandmorale.Inneighborhoods,itenhancessafetyandmutualaid.Avibrantcommunityprovidesavitalsupportnetwork,reducingfeelingsofisolationandanxiety.Itencouragescollectiveproblem-solvingandenrichessociallife.Therefore,activelyparticipatingincommunityactivities,volunteering,andfosteringinclusiveenvironmentsareessentialstepstobuildandstrengthenthesevitalsocialbonds,whichultimatelycontributetobothpersonalwell-beingandsocietalharmony.PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.J)productivity2.O)strategic3.I)periodic4.N)routinely5.B)coherently6.L)psychological7.A)burnout8.G)explicit9.E)deliberate10.H)nurturedSectionB11.C)Thepsychologicalandfinancialdrawbacksofwidespreadsubscriptionuse.12.C)Theunnoticedaccumulationofmultiplesmallrecurringcharges.13.C)Theyminimizetheimmediateemotional"painofpaying."14.C)Itresultsinalackofpermanentownershipandongoingcost.15.B)Regularlyreviewingandcancelingunusedsubscriptions.SectionCPassageOne16.B)Toarguefortheessential,multifacetedvalueofurbangreenspaces.17.B)Byencouragingexerciseandimprovingairquality.18.C)Managingstormwaterandsupportingbiodiversity.19.B)Tohighlight