《英语技能拓展》-Unit 2

ContentsSectionOneSoundsofEnglishSectionTwoLanguageBuilding

DialogueOne

DialogueTwoSectionThreeIntensiveReadingSectionFourKnow-howSharingSectionFiveInformationExchangingSectionOneSoundsofEnglish辅音发音与比较（四）The/ʃ/&/tʃ/SoundshopchopshipschipssherrycherryshinchinwashingwatchingshoeschooseI.Read-aloud

dialoguepractice.Butcher:Goodmorning,Mrs.Church.Mrs.Church:Goodmorning,Mr.Cheshire.I’dlikesomechopsformychildren’slunch.Butcher:Chumpchopsorshoulderchops,Mrs.Church?Mrs.Church:

I’llhavefourshoulderchops.Butcher:

Wouldyouliketochooseachicken,Mrs.Church?AttheButcher’sShopMrs.Church:

Iwantasmallchicken.Butcher:

Thisoneisdelicious.Mrs.Church:

Whichoneischeaper?Butcher:

Thatoneisthecheapest.Mrs.Church:I’lltakeit,Mr.Cheshire.Butcher:

Ofcourse,Mrs.Church.SectionTwoLanguageBuildingunprofessional

[ʌnprə'feʃənl]a.notreachingthestandardexpectedinaparticularprofession未达专业水平的due

[dju:]tocausedbysomebody/something;becauseofsomebody/something由于；因为DialogueOneGlossaryrefer

[ri'fə:(r)]v.tomentionorspeakaboutsomebody/something

提到；谈及；说起respectful

[ri'spektfl]a.showingorfeelingrespect表示敬意的；尊敬的but

[bʌt]n.areasonthatsomebodygivesfornotdoingsomethingornotagreeing借口；推辞courtesy

[‘kə:təsi]n.politebehaviorthatshowsrespectforotherpeople礼貌etiquette

['etiket]n.theformalrulesofcorrectorpolitebehaviorinsocietyoramongmembersofaparticularprofession（社会或行业中的）礼节，礼仪，规矩initiate

[i'niʃieit]v.tomakesomethingbegin开始；发起；创始squeeze

[skwi:z]n.anactofpressingsomething,usuallywithyourhands挤压；捏respectable

[ri'spektəbl]a.consideredbysocietytobeacceptable,goodorcorrect体面的；得体的genuinely

['dʒenjuinli]adv.authentically;truly真诚地FindtheInformation

I.Listentothedialogueandfindtheinformationasquicklyaspossible.

1.Whatweregorgeousaccordingtothespeakers?2.Whatisthelightpollution?Dialogue (HuangJieronglostacustomerbecauseofhisunprofessionalwhendealingwithhiscustomers.)Martin:Jierong,Ijustheardthatwelostacustomerduetoyourbehavior.Canyoutellmewhathappened?Jierong:IguesshethoughtIwasn’tprofessionalorrespectfulenoughwhenweweredealingwitheachother.Martin:Inwhatway?Jierong:Well,Ireferredtohimbyhisfirstname.Usuallycustomersdon’tmindthis,butheseemedtohavearealproblemwithit.Martin:Didn’tweteachyoutoalwaysrefertosomeonebytitleandlastnamebeforetheyoffertheirfirstname?Jierong:Yes,but…Martin:Therearenotbutsaboutit,it’sthecommoncourtesy.Jierong:OK,sorry,sir.Martin:Ialsowanttoremindyouofsomeotheretiquettes.Whenyoumeetsomeoneinperson,alwaysshaketheirhands,eveniftheydon’tinitiateit.Anddon’tjustplaceyourhandintheirs,makesureyougiveitasqueeze.Agood,stronghandshakeismuchmorerespectable.Jierong:Yes,sir,Iwill.Adaptedfrom60EnglishScenes

forOfficeStaffMartin:Andalso,makesuretolookatthemintheeyesandmentiontheirnamesbysayinghello.Everyonelikestoheartheirnames,itmakesthemfeelliketheotherpersonisgenuinelyinterestedinmeetingthem.Jierong:Thankyou,sir.I’velearntalot.I’msurethatIwillalwaysbefriendlyandprofessional.Martin:Good.Remember,treatyourcustomersthewayyouwouldexpectthemtotreatyou.BearinMind

II.Listenandwritedownwhatyou’veheard.Thenreadandrecitetillyoucanusethemfluently.1.IguesshethoughtIwasn’t____________orrespectfulenoughwhenweweredealingwitheachother.2.Usuallycustomersdon’tmindthis,butheseemedtohave_________________withit.3.Didn’tweteachyoutoalways______________someonebytitleandlastnamebeforetheyoffertheirfirstname?4.Therearenot________aboutit,it’sthe______________courtesy.5.Ialsowantto_________________ofsomeotheretiquettes.6.Agood,stronghandshakeismuchmore_____________.7.Everyonelikestoheartheirnames,itmakesitfeelliketheotherpersonis______________interestedinmeetingthem.8.Treatyourcustomersthewayyouwould___________themtotreatyou.SectionTwoLanguageBuildingconvey[kən'vei]v.tomakeideas,feelings,etc.knowntosomebody,communicate表达，传递（思想、感情等）token

['təukən]n.somethingthatisasymbolofafeeling,afact,anevent,etc.（感觉、事实、事件等的）象征，标志，表示，信物DialogueTwoGlossaryscarf

[ska:f]n.apieceoffabricwornforwarmthordecorationaroundtheneckor,bywomen,overtheshouldersorhair围巾；披巾；头巾exemplary

[iɡ'zempləri]a.providingagoodexampleforpeopletocopy典范的；可作榜样的；可作楷模的TableTalk

I.GroupWork

WhenselectingapropergiftonChristmas,peoplemayhavedifferentconsiderationson,suchastheirages,preferencesandtherelationshipwitheachother.Discusswhatkindofgiftyouwillchoosefordifferentpeoplel,andwhy.Dialogue (ChenDandanisworriedaboutwhetheritisacceptabletobuyaChristmasgiftforherboss.)Father:Youlookedworried,what’sthematter?Dandan:Youknow,Christmasiscoming.Everyoneispreparinggiftsforfamilyandfriends.IsitacceptableifIbuyagiftformyboss?Father:Therearenoetiquette“rules”whichrequireyoutogiveagifttoyourbossforanyoccasion.Dandan:Iknowthat,butIjustwanttosaythanksforherhelpingmealot.Father:Inthiscase,givingyourbossagiftonaspecialoccasionisasmartmove.Butbeforeyouselectagift,askyourself,“whatmessagedoesthegiftconveyaboutyou?”I’dsuggestthatyoupresentyourbosswithaninexpensivebutusefulgiftasatokenofyourrespect.Dandan:SowhatshouldIbuyasagift?Father:Doyouhaveacloseworkingrelationshipwithyourboss?Dandan:Yes,sheisreallyaniceboss.Father:Thenyoucanaskdirectlyorindirectlyaboutlikesanddislikes.Suchas“Greatear-rings!Wheredidyougetthat?”Orindirectlyask,“Ihavenoideawhattogetmysister,whatareyouaskingforChristmas?”Dandan:Well,goodidea.SoIcanbuysomethinguseful,ratherthansomethingthatwilljustcollectdustonashelf.Father:Oryoumaybuysomehandmadegifts,giftcards,books,CDs,scarves.Infact,thegreatestgiftthatyoucangivetoyouremployeristobeanexemplaryemployeeyear-round.BearinMind

II.Listenandwritedownwhatyou’veheard.Thenreadandrecitetillyoucanusethemfluently.1.Isit____________ifIbuyagiftformyboss?2.Therearenoetiquette“_________”whichrequireyoutogiveagifttoyourbossforany________.3.Ijustwantto___________________forherhelpingmealot.4.Inthiscase,givingyourbossagiftonaspecialoccasionisa_________________.5.Beforeyouselectagift,askyourself,“whatmessagedoesthegift__________aboutyou?”6.I’dsuggestthatyoupresentyourbosswithaninexpensivebutusefulgiftasa__________ofyour___________.7.Icanbuysomethinguseful,ratherthansomethingthatwilljust________________onashelf.8.Thegreatestgiftthatyoucangivetoyouremployeristobean_______________year-round.SectionThreeIntensiveReadingpromotion

[prə'məuʃn]n.amovetoamoreimportantjoborrankinacompanyoranorganization提升；提拔；晋升unjust

[,ʌn'dʒʌst]a.notdeservedorfair不公平的；不公正的；非正义的trapped

[træptid]a.forcedtoturnandfaceattackers陷入困境的；受到限制的Glossarysubject

['sʌbdʒikt]n.apersonorthingbeingusedtostudysomething,especiallyinanexperiment接受试验者；实验对象consistently

[kən'sistəntli]adv.Inaconsistentmanner;constantly;always一贯地；固守地injustice

[in'dʒʌstis]n.anunfairactoranexampleofunfairtreatment不公正，不公平（的对待或行为）buffer

['bʌfə]n.athingorpersonthatreducesashockorprotectssomebody/somethingagainstdifficulties缓冲物；起缓冲作用的人hormone

['hɔ:məun]n.achemicalsubstanceproducedinthebodyorinaplantthatencouragesgrowthorinfluenceshowthecellsandtissuesfunction;anartificialsubstancethathassimilareffects

激素；荷尔蒙boost

[bu:st]v.tomakesomethingincrease,orbecomebetterormoresuccessful使增长；使兴旺diabetes

[,daiə'bi:ti:z]n.amedicalcondition,causedbyalackofinsulin,whichmakesthepatientproducealotofurineandfeelverythirsty

糖尿病；多尿症cholesterol

[kə'lestərɔl]asubstancefoundinblood,fatandmosttissuesofthebody.Toomuchcholesterolcancauseheartdisease.

胆固醇interact

[,intər'ækt]v.ifonethinginteractswithanother,oriftwothingsinteract,thetwothingshaveaneffectoneachother相互影响；相互作用absorb

[əb'sɔ:b]v.totakesomethingintothemindandlearnorunderstandit理解；掌握objectively

[əb'dʒektivli]adv.inanobjectiveway客观地reinforce

[,ri:in'fɔ:s]v.tomakeastructureormaterialstronger,especiallybyaddinganothermaterialtoit加固；使更结实analytical

[,ænə'litikl]a.usingalogicalmethodofthinkingaboutsomethinginordertounderstandit,especiallybylookingatallthepartsseparately分析的；解析的；分析性的ProperNames&SpecificTermsCoronary

['kɔrənri]

heartdisease(CHD)

冠状动脉心脏病，简称冠心病。由于其发病率高，死亡率高，严重危害着人类的身体健康，从而被称作是“人类的第一杀手”。civilservant

公务员。英文原意是“文职服务员”、“文职仆人”。美国则称为“政府雇员（governmentalemployee）”。当今世界，许多发达国家以及一些发展中国家都纷纷仿效英美等国，建立起自己的公务员制度，把政府中从事公务活动的人员称为“公务员”。panicattack

急性焦虑症，又称恐慌症。是一种引起强烈害怕或不适的焦虑症，通常症状出现10分钟后逐渐减轻，常伴随头晕、恶心、气短和出汗。这些症状发生时间难以预料。TextWorkplaceStressandYourHealthHowmanytimeshaveyouwatchedsomeonegetapromotionwhenyourhardworkgoesunnoticed,orattemptedtoofferyourinsighttomanagement,onlytohaveitfallondeafears?Workinginanunjustenvironmentcanmakeyousick—reallysick.ANeedtoBeHeardFeelingtrappedinaworkplacethatisn’tfaircanactuallyincreaseyourriskforcoronary

heartdisease

(CHD),aleadingcauseofdeathintheUS.Researcherssurveyedmorethan6,000maleBritishcivilservants—withoutpresenceofCHD,subjectswhoreportedahighlevelofjusticeatworkwere30%lesslikelytodevelopCHDthanworkerswhoconsistentlyexperiencedinjusticeatwork.Justhowdidstudyparticipantsdefine“justice”intheworkplace?Peopleworkedin“just”workplacesalwayshadsomecommonfeelings,suchastheyfelttheirbossesconsideredtheirviewpoints,treatedthemtruthfully,andincludedthemindecision-makingprocesses.Feelingapartoftheworkplaceisameaningfulbuffertothehealtheffectsofstress.HowStressAffectsYourHealthWhenyourbrainnoticesstress,yougetreactionsfromthestress-reactivearea,andyourstresshormonesincreasesintheblood.Whathappensnext?Muchevidencehasshownthatstresscancausesomeveryspecifichealthdisease—panicattack,headache,

highbloodpressure,etc..Forinstance,asaresponsetothestress,thebodywillraiseitsbloodsugarlevelstohelpboostenergy.Later,peoplemaysufferwithdiabetes.Stresscanevenraisecholesterollevels,immediatelyandlongterm.HowtoRespondtoStressfulSituationsYoucan’tsimplywalkawayfromthepeoplewithwhomyoufinddifficulttowork.Butitmayhelptolearnadifferentwayofinteractingwiththem.☆Feelinglikeyouhaven’tbeenheard?

Whenindoubt,checkitout.Saydirectlytotheperson,“I’mnotsureyouunderstoodme.”Thenyoumayfindoutthatitisonlybecausethepersonisundertoomuch

stress,anddidn’thavetimetoabsorbyoursuggestionorrequest.☆Tryingtocopewithabossyoufeelismakingunreasonablerequests?Describethesituationobjectively.Forexample,tellyourbosshowmanyprojectsyouhaveonyourplate.He/shemaynotrealizeit.Next,expressyouropinionaboutthesituation.Don’tenditthere,askforwhatyouneed,intermsofresources,time,oranythingthatwillhelpyoudoyourjob.Finally,reinforcetherelationship.Showappreciationforthesupportyougetfromyourboss.AdaptedfromWorkplaceStressandYourHealth,

byElizabethHeubeck☆

Justcan’tseemtogetalongwithsomeoneatwork?

You’renotgoingtoclickeasilywitheveryone,butyoucanlearntomakearelationshipwork.Here’show.Learntounderstandaco-worker’sstyle.Then,youcanbe“instep”withjustabouteveryoneyouworkwith,whethertheyhaveaquietandanalyticalworkingstyleoranexpressiveworkingstyle.LanguageandCultureTips1.Howmanytimeshaveyouwatchedsomeonegetapromotionwhenyourhardworkgoesunnoticed,orattemptedtoofferyourinsighttomanagement,onlytohaveitfallondeafears?【Translation】有多少次你看着你的同事得到晋升而你的辛苦工作却无人问津，又有多少次你努力想把你的想法告诉你的经理却被置之不理？【LanguageTips】此句中是由“or”连接的并列问句。前半句的动词是“havewatched”,因此后半句的动词必须保持时态一致，因此为“(have)attempted”,“have”省略。如：Shallwegoouttothecinemaorstayathome?

我们是去看电影还是待在家呢？haveitfallondeafears:someoneturnsadeafeartosomething

对某事置之不理，充耳不闻。如：WerequestedourneighbortoturntheirTV’svolumedownabitafter10pmbutonlytohaveitfallondeafears.=OurneighborturnedadeafeartoourrequestthattheyshouldturntheirTV’svolumedownabitafter10pm.

对于我们提出在晚上十点后将电视的音量调低的请求，我们的邻居置之不理。LanguageandCultureTips2.Feelingtrappedinaworkplacethatisn’tfaircanactuallyincreaseyourriskforcoronary

heartdisease

(CHD),aleadingcauseofdeathintheUS.【Translation】在美国冠心病是导致死亡的第一大疾病，而处在一个不公平的环境中工作确实会增加得冠心病的风险。【LanguageTips】此句是一个由动名词短语“feelingtrappedinaworkplace”作主语的句子。动名词作主语常视为单数。如：Seeingisbelieving.

眼见为实。increaserisk:haveariskhigherthanusual增加（在某方面）的风险。如：Smokingwillincreaseyourriskoflungcancer.

抽烟会增加你得肺癌的风险。LanguageandCultureTips3.Researcherssurveyedmorethan6,000maleBritishcivilservants—withoutpresenceofCHD,subjectswhoreportedahighlevelofjusticeatworkwere30%lesslikelytodevelopCHDthanworkerswhoconsistentlyexperiencedinjusticeatwork.【Translation】研究者对6000多名英国男性公务员进行了调查，在未患有冠心病的前提下，那些在职场中受到较公平待遇的职员得冠心病的概率要比那些在工作中经常受到不公平待遇的职员少30%。LanguageandCultureTips4.Forinstance,asaresponsetothestress,thebodywillraiseitsbloodsugarlevelstohelpboostenergy.Later,peoplemaysufferwithdiabetes.【Translation】例如：为应对压力，身体会提高血液糖浓度来增强能量，随后人们就可能会患上糖尿病。【LanguageTips】suffer:1)toexperiencephysicalormentalpain

遭受身体或心理的痛苦Shesufferedafractureintheaccident.

她在车祸中骨折了。2)toundergobadexperienceorsituation

经历不幸遭遇或景况Smallbusinesseshavesufferedfinanciallyduringtherecession.

经济大萧条时期，小商户们都蒙受了经济损失。【CultureTips】diabetes糖尿病。是由于胰岛功能减退而引起碳水化合物代谢紊乱的代谢障碍性疾病。其主要特点是血糖过高、糖尿、多尿、多饮、多食、消瘦、疲乏。LanguageandCultureTips5.Tryingtocopewithabossyoufeelismakingunreasonablerequests?【Translation】试着去和你认为做出无理要求的老板谈谈？【LanguageTips】

在此句中“abossyoufeelismakingunreasonablerequests”是由定语从句作宾语补足语的情况。宾语“boss”由省略that的定语从句修饰，即“abossthatyoufeelismakingunreasonablerequests”，指你觉得对你提出无理要求的老板。copewith:tosucceedindealingwithadifficultproblemorsituation处理，对付。如：Localauthoritieshavetocopewiththeproblemsofhomelessness.

当地政府必须得处理无家可归的游民问题。LanguageandCultureTips6.Then,youcanbe“instep”withjustabouteveryoneyouworkwith,whethertheyhaveaquietandanalyticalworkingstyleoranexpressiveworkingstyle.【Translation】这样你就可以和你的工作搭档保持合拍，不论他们是安静分析型工作风格的人还是外向善言型的工作风格的人。【Language

Tips】instepwith:havingideasoractionsthatarelikethoseofotherpeople和其他人有相同的想法或行为，合拍。如：Heisn’tinstepwithvoters.

他和选民不合拍。SectionFourKnow-howSharing1.

Commoncourtesystillrules.2.

Replytopeoplewhosendyouatext.Don’tgetupsetifyoudon’tgetareply.3.Textmessagesareidealforconveyingashort,instantmessage.Don’tusethemtocommunicateimportantinformationoranythingthatneedsalengthyexplanation.Top10ListsofSMSEtiquette4.

Ifyouhavetocancelanappointment,alwaysmakeaphonecallratherthansendatext.5.

Beawareofyourtone.Asamatteroffact,itisdifficulttodiscerntonesintextmessages,butitisofgreatsignificancetokeepyourtoneappropriate.Otherwiseyoumaycausecertaindiscomfortorevenirrevocableconsequence.6.

Makesureyourmeaningisexplicableinatextmessage.Youmaybejoking,buthowcanthepersonyou’vejustsentatextmessagetoknowaboutit?MakeyourselfunderstoodbyaddingasmileyfaceorwhateversymbolisrelevanttoyourSMS.7.

Don’tSMSwhileyou’redriving.8.

Checkthetime!IsthepersonyouaddressyourSMStofallingasleep?Dotheyliveontheothersideoftheworld?Don’twaketheminthemiddleofthenightoryouwon’tbetheirfavoriteperson!9.

Neversendatextmessagewithyourmobilephonewhileyouareeatingordrinking.Enjoytherealtimeyouhavewithpeopleandkeepthetextmessagetothebriefest.10.

Turndownthekeytonevolume,otherwiseyoumayannoypeoplenearby.SectionFiveInformationExchangingWorketiquetteisaveritableminefield.Weallwanttodotherightthingbutsometimeswemakemistakes.Thekeythingistolearnfromthesemistakesandensurethatwedonotdoitagain.Hereisareallifeexample:SupportingDetailsOffendingOneoftheColleaguesFor34yearoldsalesmanagerJustinLucas,aconscientiousprofessionalworkinginalargepackagingcompany,hismistakewasonethatnearlycosthimhisjob.Justinsaid,“I’vealwayspridedmyselfonbeingabletogetonwithanyoneandeveryoneintheworkplace.I’mcarefulnottooffendanyoneoruseoffensivelanguage—Idon’twanttooffendanyway.SowhenIwascalledintomyboss’sofficeona‘ser