2025北京延庆区高三（上）开学考英语试题及答案

高中2025北京延庆高三（上）开学考英语2025.09考生须知1.考生要认真填写个人信息。2.本试卷共11页，三大部分(共100分)，考试时间90分钟。3.试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答；非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。4.考试结束后，考生应将答题卡按要求放在桌面上，待监考员收回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Itwasinthecoldmidwinter,andthewayfaringcouplewalkedthroughthecoldnight.Thefather-to-be__1__theroadside,seekingshelter,wherehisstrugglingcompanionmightrest__2__forthenight.Shelaboredalong,herwaymadeheavierbythenewlifegrowinginsideher.TheirnameswerePepperandCooper,apairofbeagles（米格鲁猎犬）。GusKiebel,acountywildlifeofficer,wasdrivinghomefromworkwhenhe__3__thepairintheflashofhisheadlights.Itwassnowingsohard,buthecouldtellthedogswerewearingcollarsandtags.Whatweretheydoingoutherewhenitwastoocoldfordogstogooutside?Gusparkedhistruckand__4__theanimals.Hestretchedouthishandstothebeagles,whichmadeno__5__toescape.Hereadtheirtagsbyhistruck'sheadlights:thefemalewasnamedPepper,andthemalewasCooper.Hethencalledthenumberlisted,butitwassnowingsohardthathis__6__blurred（模糊了）。Heplacedthedogsontothepassengerseatandtheyweresmuggledtogetherthere.Gusdriedhisphoneanddialedthenumberagain.Amanansweredandimmediatelygrew__7__whenGustoldhimwhyhewascalling."Igavethosedogsaway,"themansaid."They'renotmineanymore."Thesebeagleswere__8__.Gusnoticedtheirlargeeyespleading（恳求）.Hethenbroughtthemhome.TheKiebelspreparedabedforthedogsontheirwarmenclosedporch,also__9__foodandwater.Theexhaustedanimalslaytogether.It'sasimplestory—peoplewhopracticekindnessgiveshelterfromastormtoahomelesscouple—butitspeakstothebestofour_10_.1.A.blocked B.guarded C.scanned D.identified2.A.safely B.happily C.quickly D.willingly3.A.tracked B.spotted C.ignored D.hunted4.A.patted B.protected C.tested D.approached5.A.effort B.meaning C.compromise D.contact6.A.truck B.screen C.mind D.headlight7.A.interested B.embarrassed C.defensive D.talkative8.A.avoided B.adopted C.appreciated D.abandoned9.A.givingout B.settingout C.puttingout D.carryingout10.A.nature B.talent C.pursuit D.advantage第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A80-year-old_11_(retire)tailor,JamesMcKay,spentSaturday(hisbirthday)nightinacellafterhitting30-year-oldKeithSmithovertheheadwithhiswalkingstick.McKay'swifesaid,whileMcKayisusuallyapeacefulandpleasantperson,hehadbeendriventothisactof_12_(violent)byliterallygettingwetjustoncetoooften.Smithisnotgoingtotakethingsfurtherwiththepolice.AsMcKayleftthepolicestation,alargecrowdofsupporters13_(sing)himhappybirthday.BWiththedevelopmentofcomputers,peopleexpected_14_(get)morethingsdoneefficiently.In1990,TimBerners-LeeinventedtheWorldWideWeb,_15_enabledcomputersallovertheworldtocommunicatewitheachother.Nowadays,life_16_theinternetformostpeopleisunimaginable.CInanair-conditionedoffice,youmayseemensportingshortswhiletheirfemaleco-workerswearjacketstokeepwarm.Whydowomenfeelcold_17_(easy)thanmen?Theacceptedansweris_18_menandwomenfeeltemperaturedifferently.Generallyspeaking,menhavemoremusclesthanwomen,_19_(lead)toahighermetabolic(新陈代谢)rate.Itmeansthatmoreheat_20_(create).Asaresult,men,onaverage,donotfeelcoldaseasilyaswomen.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHowcanweusescientificdesigntochangetheworldandtakebettercareofourenvironment?Inthiscourse,youwilllearnaboutournaturalresourcesandexplorerenewableenergythroughproblemsolvinginamulti-scienceclass.__________________SolvinganyproblembeginswithrecognizingitButwheredoyoubegin?Inthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigateglobalissuesfacingtheworldtodayandhowpeoplemakechangesintheircommunities.Youwillbothdiscussandputintopracticecreativeandpersuasivewaystoinfluencepolicymakersandcommunityorganizations.Furthermore,youwillcreateyourownpoliticalcommunityattheHarknesstablethatwillinspireyoutolearnbydoing.EnergyandInnovationInthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigatebiological,physical,andchemicalaspectsofEarth'sworkingsystemsandhowtheyrelatetoclimatechange.Itsimpactsarefar-reachingandthuswillrequireforwardthinkingandplanning.Yourideasandcreativitywillbeneededtocompareandcontrastthebenefitsandcostsofenergyalternativesaswediscussandproblemsolveourplanet'spathintothefuture.Art:TransformtheWorldInthisstudioclasswewilldevelopourcreativepowers.Drawingonnaturalsciences,wewillengagewithperspectivesoflifeonEarth.Ourmaterialswillbenewspapers,recycledcardboard,andotherthingsthatareoftenthrownaway.Workingwithourhandsandtools,wewilltransformwastesintoobjectsuseful.Inthisclassyouwilldiscoveryourartistictalent,learnaboutform,imageandtechnique,andcooperatetocreatepiecesforthefinalStudentArtExhibit.21.Whichofthefollowingmightbethenameofthefirstclass?A.PoliticalScience B.GreenOrganizationsC.GlobalChanges D.PracticalPolicemaker22.InEnergyandInnovation,studentswill_______.A.solvepoliticalproblems B.makeaplanfortheirfutureC.changetheworldthroughpictures D.exploretheEarth'sworkingsystem23.Whatdothethreeclasseshaveincommon?A.Theyconductscientificexperiments. B.Theydeveloppersonalinterests.C.Theyneedcreativedesign. D.Theyuserenewableenergy.B14-year-oldJessicawasbornwithsmalleyes,makingitdifficultforhertoseethemarkingsandnumbersontraditionalmathssetsatschool.Disappointedthatstandardequipmentjustdidn'taddup,Jessica'smum,Sam,emailedstationery(文具)giantMapedHelix,moreinhopethanexpectationthattheymighthavesomethingthatcouldhelp.ShewassosurprisedwhenshegotareplysayingthattheteamatHelix,inspiredbyJessica'sstory,haddecidedtodevelopauniquestationerysetspecificallytosupporttheneedsofchildrenwithsightdifficulties.ThegroundbreakingOxfordVisionMathsSetincludesaself-centeringmetalcompasswithsafetypoint,apencilsharpener,15cm/6-inchruler,45°and60°setsquares,etc.DesignedincooperationwiththeRoyalNationalInstituteofBlindPeople(RNIB),themathssethasbeencreatedusingahighcontrastingblackandyellowdesigntomakeeachitemeasiertoread.Thecompletesetissoldinplastic-freepackagingmadefromrecycledmaterials.Followingguidancefromtheexperts,cleverdetailssuchaslargeprintgraduations(刻度线)ontheruler,aswellasallthetextbeingraisedby0.5mmhavebeenincluded.“Wereceivealotofemails,butthisparticularonereallystruckachordwithus,makingusreallythinkofhowwecanhaveacommitmenttoempowerallchildren,”saidGrayRichmond,ManagingDirectoratMapedHelix.“Thisproductwillmakeahugedifferencetothelivesofchildrenwithvisionconditions,allowingthemtohaveindependenceintheclassroomandgivingthemaccesstothesameopportunitiesastheirsightedclassmates,”saidNicolaCornwell,HeadofBusinessServicesatRNIB.24.WhatdifficultydoesJessicafaceatschool?A.Shecannotunderstandnumbers. B.Shefailsinhermathsexaminations.C.Shefindsithardtohearintheclassroom. D.Shestrugglestousetraditionalstationery.25.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewmathsset?A.Itisonlyavailableinonecolor. B.ItisdesignedundertheguidanceofRNIB.C.Ithascomplexdesignsanddecorations. D.Itusesplasticpackagingtoprotecttheitems.26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“struckachordwith”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Touched. B.Satisfied. C.Comforted. D.Entertained.27.WhydidHelixdecidetodeveloptheOxfordVisionMathsSet?A.Tomakemathssetsmoreaffordable.B.Torespondtoacustomer'scomplaint.C.Tosupportchildrenwithvisualchallenges.D.Tocreateasimplifiedversionofmathstools.CConflictincommunitiesisusuallyaboutthetaskortheperson.Ofcourse,sometimesit'shardtoseparateonefromtheother.Taskconflicthappenswhenpeoplehavedifferentideasofwhatneedstobedone.Itpointstopotentialdifferencesinopinionabouteverythingyoucanimaginethatisessentialforagroup:mission,prioritiesoftasks,compensationmechanism(机制),decision-makingmechanisms,etc.Taskconflictisnotaproblemwhenpeoplerealizethesourceoftheconflictisthetaskandnotthepeople.Communitymembersmustresolvetensioninclusivelywitheveryone'svoicebeingheardandacknowledged.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatthesolutionmustincludeeveryone'sopinion.Aftertheconversation,everyoneshouldfeelthattheyhadafairchancetoexpresstheiropinionandthatitwastakenseriouslybyothersandnotbrushedaside.Conflictbetweenpeopleistrickybecauseit'sattackingaperson'sessenceandself-worth.Oftenthisformofconflict,relationshipconflict,happenswhentwoconditionsaremet:First,peoplehavedifferentvaluesorareholdingdifferentassumptions,andsecondly,neitherpartycanseebeyondtheirownbiases.Withrelationshipconflict,thepersonisperceivedtobetheproblemandisbeingattackedbyothers.Eachpartyassumesthatmostpeopleareontheirsideandthattheotherpersonisactingoutofself-interest.Thiseventuallyleadstopeopledisagreeingwitheachother,notforthetask'ssakebuttoprovetheotherpersoniswrong.Sometimesconflictoriginatesinatask.Peoplemightpreferdifferenttoolsordifferentapproaches.Ifthisinitialcontroversyisignoredornotdealtwithappropriately,therelativelyeasytaskconflictturnsintoamorecomplexrelationshipconflict.Whenrelationshipconflictoccurs,alotofthingsarereactiveratherthanreflective.Peoplestopthinkingandactimpulsively（冲动地）.Allinall,rememberthateveryculturehasitsownwayofhandlingconflict.Somepeopleconsideritdishonestifanargumentisnotaddressedopenly,whileinothercultures,suchadiscussionwillnotbeacceptable.Itcomesdownto“Don'tassumeeveryonethinkslikeyou”.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“brushedaside”inParagraph2mean?A.Approved. B.Ignored. C.Swept. D.denied.29.Whichofthefollowingisarelationshipconflict?A.Erichasaquarrelwithhisgirlfriendinshoppingmall.B.Groupmembersaredebatingwhichapproachestobeused.C.Tomiscriticizedbyhisbestfriendforbeingirresponsible.D.Twoneighborshaveabigargumentovercommunityhealthissues.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph?A.Relationshipconflictoriginatesfromtaskconflict.B.Taskconflictiseasiertoresolvethanrelationshipconflict.C.Conflictincommunitiescausespeopletomakeimpulsivedecisions.D.Taskconflictcanbesometimestransformedintorelationshipconflict.31.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.Giveawarning. B.Offerasuggestion.C.Makeanassumption. D.Listamisconception.DNaturevs.NurtureCuriosityhasalwaysbeenoneofthemostinnateandprevailingqualitiesofhumankind.Ourendlesspursuitoftruthandreasonshasresultedinalotofcrucialdiscoveriesintheworld.However,themoreweuncovertheworld,themoreweendupgeneratingmorequestionstoanswer.Outofallthewondersoftheworld,humanpsychologyisdeemedtobeoneofthemostcontroversial.Thecomplexityofthemindanditsreflectiononhumanbehaviorhasbeenasubjectofmanystudiesanddebates.Oneoftheoldestand,still,mosttalkedaboutargumentinpsychologyisthenatureagainstnurturedebate.Naturereferstothebiologicalstructureandprocessesthatdetermineaperson'sphysicalandbehavioralattributes.Duetotheadvancementofgenetics,scientistshaveuncoveredthatphysicaltraitssuchaseyecolor,hairtype,height,andlifeexpectancyofapersoncanstronglyberelatedtothegeneticmakeup.Thesediscoverieshaveledtothespeculationthatmostpsychologicalcharacteristicslikeintellect,personality,andlanguageacquisitionabilityarealreadypre-wiredtooursystemthroughourgeneticpattern.Incontrast,nurturetheorysuggeststhatbehaviorishonedfromsocio-culturalfactors.ThistheoryisguidedbyJohnLocke's“blankslate”theory,whichreferstotheideathatthehumanmind,initsprimalstate,isablankslatethatisgraduallyfilledinwithinformationderivedfromdirectandindirectexperiences.Thistheorystatespeople'scharacteristicsandbehavioraldiversityattendresultsofsocialandculturalinfluencesencounteredduringtheirdevelopment.ThetermNaturevs.NurturedebatewasputforwardbySirFrancisGalton,whobelievedthatintellectisaquantifiableandhereditary(遗传的)humantrait.Healsobelievedthatintellectcanbepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.Thus,peoplewithhighintelligencehaveamajorchanceofhavinghighlyintellectualoffspring,whilepeoplehavinglowerthanaverageintellectaremorelikelytohavelowintellectualoffspring.However,thebelieversofnurturetheorybelievedthatintellectualabilityattendstheresultofinequalitiesinaccesstoresourcesandopportunities.Thus,intellectisnotaproductofhereditybutmoreofaresultofthesocialconstruct.Countlessresearchandexperimentationhavebeenconductedtoputanendtotheseeminglyendlessdebate.Psychologistsandresearchersofthepresentalreadyembracetheideathataperson'scharacterishighlyinfluencedbyhisgeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Theyearsoflaboredresearchonnatureandnurturetheoryfinallyhavebornfruits.Technologyandresearchhaveexpandedabetterunderstandingofthehumanpersonalityandmind,andwilljustcontinuouslydoastimepassesby.32.Whydoestheauthormention“curiosity”inthefirstparagraph?A.Topredicttheresearchresults.B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofexploring.C.Toleadtotheargumentofnatureagainstnurture.D.Toraisethereader'sinterestinthetheoryofnature.33.WhatdoesJohnLocke's“blankslate”theorysuggest?A.Humanmindisalwaysblank.B.People'sbehaviorsarelearned.C.Behaviorisdeterminedgenetically.D.Culturehaslittleinfluenceonhuman.34.WhatistheattitudeofSirFrancisGaltontowardsthetheoryofnurture?A.Disapproving.B.Supportive.C.Neutral.D.Cautious.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。ArobotischattingtoanelderlyBritishmaninhisbedroom.__35_Perhapsbecauseoftheman'sage,therobotstartsaskinghimabouthismemoriesoftheSecondWorldWar.Theelderlymangoesontotellhowhisfatherwasinthearmy,andhehasn'tseenhimforyears._36_ThebehavioristheproductoftheCaressesprojectwhichaimstodesignrobotsthatcantakeintoaccounttheculturalbackgroundofthepersonthey'retalkingto.ThemanisBritish,sotherobotthinkshewillbeinterestedinsuchatopic,regardlessoftheman'spersonalfeelings.Culturalroboticsispartofawidermovementtomakeroboticsmoreculturallyinclusive.__37_Forexample,becausetheInternetismainlyinEnglish,largelanguagemodelsareprimarilytrainedonEnglishtext—withtheculturalbiases(偏见)existing.Similarly,themovetomakerobotsmoreculturallysensitivemeanswell,butpeopleareworriedaboutwhereitcouldlead,consideringthediverseculturalpreferencesacrossdifferentsocialgroups.Humansfromdifferentculturesreactdifferentlytorobots.Forexample,differentcultureshavedifferentexpectationsaroundpersonalspace,andthisaffectshowfartheypreferrobotstostandfromthem.__38_Peoplearemoreabletounderstandarobotifitusesthefacialexpressionstheyarefamiliarwith.Cultureisacomplexconcept,opentovariousexplanations.__39_Toavoiddesigningrobotsbasedonstereotypes(刻板印象),wewillneedtobemorethoughtful.A.Ithasapleasantlybrightvoice.B.Doesthistopicreallyholdaperson'sinterest?C.However,concernsaboutthishavebeenraised.D.Thispracticeiswidelyrecognizedacrosscultures.E.Therefore,aone-size-fits-allapproachisimpractical.F.Whydoesarobotmentionatopicthatmaycausepain?G.Differentculturesinterpretfacialexpressionsdifferently,too.第三部分：书面表达(共三节，32分)第一节阅读表达(共4小题：第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Ifyoufeellikeyoumaybeapeople-pleaser,you'renotalone.Intoday'shighly-connectedworld,wehaveagrowingobsession(痴迷)withbeinglikedandneedingtopleaseothers.Peopleseektopleaseothersforvariousreasons,includingavoidingconflicts,securingfeelingsofbeingneeded,andreducingfearsofabandonment.Andtheyareforcedtouseagreeablenessasself-defense.People-pleasingbehaviorcanleadtomentalandphysicalhealthproblemssuchasfearofrejection,frustration,anger,addictions,headaches,stomachproblems,andhighbloodpressure.Itcanalsoresultinweakboundaries,problemswithdecision-makinganddependency.Therefore,it'simportanttorecognizeandovercomeyourownpeople-pleasingbehaviors.Herearesomesimpleexercisesthatyoucanstartworkingontoday.Learntoloveyourowncompany.Trustthatpeoplewillnotabandonyou,evenifyoudon'tdropeverythingforthem.Believingyouarelovableforwhoyouare,notwhatyoudo,meansknowingthatpeoplewillstillbethereforyouevenifyoudonotalwayssearchforwaystopleasethem.Practicethisbygoingtoamovieorrestaurantalone.Valuetheplansmadewithyourself.Theyareasimportantasplansyoumakewithotherpeople.Otherwise,youaresendingamessagetoyourbrainthataplanyoumakewithyourselfdoesnotholdasmuchvalue.Don'tbreaklong-orshort-termplansyoumakewithyourself,whetherit'sgoingtothegymorstudyingforanexam.Say“no”whennecessary.Ifyou'reapeople-pleaser,youmayfindithardtosay“no”becauseyoufeelitcomesacrossascrueloruncaring.Butitabsolutelydoesnothaveto.Beclear,bedirect,anduse“I”statements.Trystatementslike:“Iwouldreallylovetobeabletohelpyou,butunfortunately,I'malreadycommittedatthattime.”Byconsistentlyintegratingthesestrategiesintoyourlife,you'llbreakyourpeople-pleasinghabitsanddevelopmorehealthy,interdependentrelationships.40.Whatisapeople-pleaserlike?41.Besidesmentalandphysicalproblems,whatotherproblemsmayapeople-pleasersufferfrom?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Ifyoudon'twanttobeapeople-pleaser,youshouldlovebeingwithothers,valuetheplansmadewithyourself,anddeclineothers'requestswhennecessary.43.Whatdoyouthinkofthebehaviorofpleasingothers?(Inabout40words)第二节写作(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim给你写了一封信，提及因为误解，他和同学产生了不愉快。请用英文给Jim回复邮件，内容包括：1.安慰Jim;2.具体建议。注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)

参考答案第一部分：知识运用（共两节，25分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1.C2.A3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.D9.B10.A第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）11.retired12.violence13.sang14.toget15.which16.without17.moreeasily18.that19.leading20.iscreated第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）21.A22.D23.C24.D25.B26.A27.C28.B29.C30.D31.B32.C33.B34.A第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）35.A36.F37.C38.G39.E第三部分：书面表达（共三节，37分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）40.Apeople-pleaserisobsessedwithbeinglikedandneedingtopleaseothers.Apeople-pleaserhasagrowingobsessionwithbeinglikedandneedingtopleaseothers.41.（Apeople-pleasermayalsosufferfrom）weakboundaries,problemswithdecision-makinganddependency.42.Ifyoudon'twanttobeapeople-pleaser,youshouldlovebeingwithothers,valuetheplansmadew