2026年高考考前预测卷-英语（江苏卷03）（解析版）

17/212026年高考考前预测卷03(江苏卷)高三英语·全解全析(考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分)注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1.Whatisthetotalchargeforbreakfastandlunchnow?A.$2. B.$8. C.$11.【答案】C【原文】M:Dothechargesformealsstaythesame?W:No.Lunchanddinnerareunchanged,still$8.Butwe'vehadtoincreasethechargeforbreakfastby50%.Itusedtobe$2.2.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Angry. B.Thrilled. C.Apologetic.【答案】C【原文】W:Whydidn’tyoutellmeitwastoday,Tony?IwouldhavegonetotheairporttopickyouupifIhadknown.M:Ididn’twanttotroubleyou,AuntMay.W:Givemeahug.It’sbeensomanyyears.3.Whydoesthewomanapologize?A.Shebrokethewindow. B.Shethrewrubbishrandomly. C.Shedidn'tcleanthestreet.【答案】B【原文】M:Madam,youcan’tjustthrowrubbishoutofyourwindowontothestreet.Itmakesourjobmuchharder.W:I’msorry.Itwon’thappenagain.4.WhatwilltheweatherbelikeonSunday?A.Sunny. B.Cloudy. C.Stormy.【答案】A【原文】M:Theskyisfilledwithclouds.Willtheweekendbesunny?W:There’sastormpredictedforSaturday,butitwillclearupbySundaymorning.5.Whatisthewomanconcernedabout?A.Jim’ssuitwasruined. B.Jim’slaptopcouldbedamaged. C.Thetableneededcleaning.【答案】B【原文】W:Jimreallyneedstobemorecareful.M:Yes,hegotcoffeealloverhisnewsuitandthetable.W:Ihopethepowersupplyofhislaptopisdisconnectedquicklyenough.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Wherearethespeakers?A.AtTom’shouse. B.Inameetingroom. C.Atatrainstation.7.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelintheend?A.Worried. B.Relieved. C.Angry.【答案】6.C7.B【原文】W:DoyouthinkTomwillgethereontime?M:Heshoulddo.Didyoutryringinghim?W:Yeah,butitgoesstraighttovoicemail.They’veannouncedourtraintwicenow.Shouldwejustboardwithouthim?IfeellikeIshouldhaveconfirmedwithhimbeforeweleft.M:Don’tworry,Kate.I’lltryhisworknumber.Sometimes,thesetrainscanbeunpredictable.W:True.ButitistypicalofTomtobelate.M:Exactly,butheknowsthismeetingisimportant.Look,ifhemissesthisone,it’llbethethirdtimethisquarter.It’snotagreatrecordforhim.W:Agreed.Ah,thereheis.He’srunningtowardstheplatform听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatisthemostlikelyrelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Goodfriends. B.Husbandandwife. C.Brotherandsister.9.Howdothespeakersfeelabouttherulesnow?A.Annoyed. B.Unconcerned. C.Grateful.10.Whatdidthespeakersbenefitfromsleepingearlyaccordingtotheman?A.Theywererefreshedforclasses.B.TheyspentlesstimewatchingTV.C.Theyachievedbettertimemanagement.【答案】8.C9.C10.A【原文】M:Whenwewereyoung,Iusedtogetreallymadaboutsomeoftherulesathome.ButnowIrealizethattherulesweremeanttohelpus.W:You’reright.M:RememberthattimewewenttowatchTVwithoutfinishingourhomework?Weendedupbeingcriticized.Ithoughtitwasunfairatthetime.W:IfeltthesamewaywhenIwasforcedtoattendpianolessons,butnowIseeithelpedmedevelopdisciplineandskills.I’msohappyIdidit.M:Wealwayshadtogotobedearly,sowewerewell-restedforschool.W:Anddoyourememberhowweusedtocomplainabouthelpingwithhousework?Butthatwashowwelearnedresponsibility.M:It’sinterestinghowweseethingsdifferentlynow.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。11.Whatdidthemanspendalongtimedoing?A.Makingpizzas. B.Waitinginline. C.Findingthecanteen.12.Whendoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atthestartofaterm. B.Aftertheexaminationweek. C.Beforetheexaminationweek.13.Wherewillthespeakersgofirstafterlunch?A.Thelibrary. B.TheMainBuilding. C.TheAdminBuilding.【答案】11.B12.A13.B【原文】W:Oh,thereyouare.Ithoughtyouwerenevergoingtocomeback.M:Sorry.ThecanteenwaspackedandIhadtowaitforages.ThenwhenIgottothefrontoftheline,theyhadhardlyanyfoodleft.SoIhadtogetyouasliceofpizza.I’msorry.W:Oh,that’sOK.Icouldeatanything.M:Oh,allrightthen.Sowhatshouldwedoafterlunch?W:Well,inordertoregisterwe’vegottogototheMainBuildingtogetthenewcardandourexaminationresultsandthengobacktotheAdminBuildingandpaytheschoolfees.Afterthat,wehavetogotothenoticeboardtofindoutaboutlecturesforthistermandthenwehavetogotothelibraryto...M:Great.First,let’shaveourlunch.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。14.WhatdidNickandMeldowhentheywereyoung?A.Theyputonshowsinapark.B.Theywenttoliveconcertswiththeirfather.C.Theywereencouragedtoplaymusicbytheirmother.15.Whenwasthebandstarted?A.AfterNickbeganstudyingatamusicschool.B.AfterNickandMelplayedinaconcertatschool.C.AftertwomusiciansheardNickandMelplaying.16.Whatissaidaboutthebandinthefirstyear?A.Theyjoinedamusiccompany.B.Theywerewelcomeattheconcert.C.Theyrecordedthreesingles.17.Whatdisappointstheband?A.Theyhaven’thadanumber-onesingle.B.Theirfirstalbumhasn’tmettheirexpectations.C.Ahealthproblemhasdelayedtheirsecondalbum.【答案】14.B15.C16.B17.C【原文】W:Welcomebackeveryone.NowI’mtalkingtoNickParker,thesingerwiththebandKrispy.Nick,Ihaveonequestion.Yoursister,Mel,isinthebandtoo,isn’tshe?M:Yeah.We’vebeenplayingandsingingtogethersincewewereyoung.Dadtookustohearthegreatbandsplayinglive.MelandIputonshows.ButMomdidn’twantustogettooseriousaboutourmusic.W:Howwasyourbandformed?M:Twomusiciansfrommusicschoolssawusplayinginaconcert.Theyaskedifwe’dliketoformabandwiththem.Weagreedtotryitout.W:Howwasthebandinthefirstyear?M:Theaudienceenjoyedourperformanceatthelocalconcert.Thenwerecordedtwosongsandsentthemtoamusiccompany.Theyaskedustojointhem,butourparentssaidwehadtofinishcollegefirst.W:Haveyouexperiencedanyletdown?M:Everythingwe’verecordedhasdonewell.Threesingleshavegonetonumberone,andourfirstalbumhassoldoveramillioncopies.However,I’vebeenillrecently,sowehavetostartrecordingoursecondalbumlate,whichisapity.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Whatinspiredthespeakertobecomeapilot?A.Arelative’scareer. B.Asightinthesky. C.Atripabroad.19.WhydidthespeakerflytoSouthAmerica?A.Tofindanewjob.B.Totakeaflyinglesson.C.Torelaxfromwork.20.Whatdidtheairlineoffertodoforthespeaker?A.Theygavehimanewposition.B.Theyprovidedavolunteerjobforhim.C.Theyintroducedhimtoadeliverycompany.【答案】18.B19.C20.A【原文】M:I’vedreamedofbeingapilotsinceIwasfive.Iwouldlookupattheskyandseethetrailsoftheplanes,likelinesofclouds.Iwasdeterminedtoflyplanesaroundtheworldoneday.IimaginedstayingingreathotelsandforeigndestinationslikeParis,NewYork,andSingapore.However,afterIgotmypilotlicense,therewerenotmanyjobsgoing.Tomakeendsmeet,Istartedflyingsmallplanesforalocaldeliveryfirm,neverleavingmyowncountry.ThoughitpaidwellandIgotlotsofexperience,Ikeptlookingforjobsthatwerebettermatchedtomychildhooddream.Ifinallygottoflyapassengerplaneunderanunexpectedcircumstance.Ihaddecidedtotakeawell-earnedvacationinSouthAmerica.Whileonaflight,thepilotfellill,andthecabincrewaskedifanyonehadpilotexperience.Iimmediatelyvolunteered,landingtheplanesafelyatanearbyairport.Forthebrieftime,Iwasincharge;IwasawarethatIwasresponsibleforallthepeopleonboard.Itwasagreatresponsibility.TheairlinesaidIshowedgreatbraveryandofferedmeanewjobflyingpassengerplanes,whichIhappilyaccepted.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALosAngelesCountyMuseumofArt(LACMA)ChrisBurden’sUrbanLight,apiecemadeupof202cast-ironstreetlampsgatheredfromaroundL.A.andrestoredtoworkingorder,quicklybecameoneofthecity’slandmarks.Butyou’resellingyourselfshortifyoudon’tventurebeyondthephoto-friendlyinstallation(装置).LACMA’scollectionsfeaturemodernistmasterpieces,large-scalecontemporaryworks(includingRichardSerra’smassiveswirling(旋转)sculpture,JosiahMcElheny’sIslandUniverse,andBurden’sanotherworkcalledMetropolisⅡ),traditionalJapanesescreensandsomeofL.A.’smostconsistentlyfantasticspecialexhibitions.However,theeasternhalfofLACMA’scampusismostlyclosedasitwrapsupamassiveredesigncalledtheDavidGeffenGalleries,duetoopentothepublicinApril2026(youcanalreadyseethemassiveconcretestructure,whichcrossesoverthetopofWilshireBoulevard,fromtheoutside).Butyou’llstillfindaboutahalf-dozenspecialexhibitionsandabrightpresentationofthemoderncollectionlocatedintheexistingResnickPavilionandBCAM.What’sOnCalifornia-basedChineseartistZhengChongbinexplorestheGoldenStatethroughvideoinstallationsandpaintings;graphicdesignerBeeple’sDiffuseControlletsvisitorscollaboratewithAIonavideo-basedsculpture;andTavaresStrachan’sfirstmuseumexhibitioninL.A.isacollectionofmultisensoryinstallations.Address5905WilshireBlvd,LosAngeles,CA90036OpeninghoursMonday,Tuesday,Thursday11:00a.m.—6:00p.m.;Friday11:00a.m.—8:00p.m.;Saturday,Sunday10:00a.m.—7:00p.m.;closedonWednesdayPricingL.A.CountyResidents:$23,seniorsandstudents$19,17andunderfree;Monday—Fridayafter3:00pmfree.Non-residents:$28,seniorsandstudents$24,ages3—17$13,2andunderfree.FreeeverysecondTuesdayofthemonth.21.WhohastwoartpiecesondisplayatLACMA?A.Beeple. B.RichardSerra. C.ChrisBurden. D.JosiahMcElheny.22.WhatcanvisitorsdoatLACMA?A.Makeuniquesculpturesinperson. B.AdmireaChineseartist’sworks.C.EnjoyclassicfilmsonWednesdays. D.Watchavideoaboutmanydesigners.23.HowmuchistheMondayadmissionforayoungforeigncoupleandtheir3-year-oldchild?A.$46 B.$56 C.$65 D.$69【答案】21.C22.B23.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍洛杉矶郡立艺术博物馆的展品、在建工程、当前展览信息以及开放时间和门票价格。21.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ChrisBurden’sUrbanLight,apiecemadeupof202cast-ironstreetlampsgatheredfromaroundL.A.andrestoredtoworkingorder,quicklybecameoneofthecity’slandmarks.(克里斯·伯登的《城市之光》由202盏从洛杉矶各地收集来并修复正常使用的铸铁路灯组成，迅速成为该市的地标之一。)”和“LACMA’scollectionsfeaturemodernistmasterpieces,large-scalecontemporaryworks(includingRichardSerra’smassiveswirlingsculpture,JosiahMcElheny’sIslandUniverse,andBurden’sanotherworkcalledMetropolisⅡ)(洛杉矶郡立艺术博物馆的藏品以现代主义杰作、大型当代作品为特色，包括理查德·塞拉的大型旋转雕塑、约西亚·麦克尔亨尼的《岛屿宇宙》以及伯登的另一部作品《大都会Ⅱ》)”可知，ChrisBurden有两件作品在馆内展出。故选C项。22.细节理解题。根据“What’sOn”部分中的“California-basedChineseartistZhengChongbinexplorestheGoldenStatethroughvideoinstallationsandpaintings(旅居加州的中国艺术家郑重宾通过影像装置和绘画探索金州)”可知，游客可以在馆内欣赏一位中国艺术家的作品。故选B项。23.细节理解题。根据“Pricing”部分中的“Non-residents:$28，seniorsandstudents$24,ages3—17$13,2andunderfree.FreeeverysecondTuesdayofthemonth.(非居民：28美元，老年人和学生24美元，3至17岁13美元，2岁及以下免费。每月第二个周二免费。)”和“Monday—Fridayafter3:00pmfree.(周一至周五下午3点后免费)”可知，一对外国年轻夫妇和他们3岁的孩子周一入场需要支付28×2+13=69美元。故选D项。BZhangHongjunoncespenthisdaysonnoisyconstructionsitesinShanghai,farfromhisruralhometowninFujianprovince.Foroveradecade,hislifefollowedacommonpath:longhoursoflabor,lowpay,andthelonelinessofbeingamigrantworkerinavastcity.Hedreamedofachangebutsawfewopportunitiesbackhome.Avisitbecameaturningpoint.Stuckinhisvillage,Zhangnoticedsomethingnew.Theroadswerepaved,internetsignalswerestrong,andthelocalgovernmentwasofferingsupporttothosewillingtostartbusinesses.Thebeautifulmountainsandfreshair,oncetakenforgranted,nowseemedfullofpotential.Anideabegantoform:whatifhecouldbuildafuturehere,notjustmakealivingthere?Usinghissavingsandasmallgovernmentgrant,Zhangtookadaringstep.Hetransformedhisfamily’sold,emptyhouseintoamoderncafé,aplacewherecityvisitorscouldenjoycoffeewhileviewingtheterracedfields.Atfirst,neighborswerepuzzled.“Whowillcometothemountainsforcoffee?”theyasked.Zhangpersisted,learningaboutcoffeebeansanddesignonline.Today,“MountainCloudCafé”ismorethanacoffeeshop.It’sawindowforhisvillage.Touristscomeonweekends,andthroughhiscafé,theydiscoverandbuylocalspecialtieslikemountainteaanddriedfruits.Zhanghashiredtwolocalwomen,providingthemwithstableincome.Moreimportantly,hissuccesshassparkedaconversation.Afewotheryoungpeople,whooncethoughtleavingwastheonlyoption,arenowasking,“CouldIcomebacktoo?”“Mydreamisn’thuge,”Zhangsays,lookingatthelivelysceneoutside.“Ijustwantourhometothrive,sothatourchildrenmighthaveachoicetostay.”HisjourneyfromconstructionsitetocaféownerpaintsapictureofmodernruralChina—onewherereturningwingsbringnewlife.24.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesZhang’searlylifeasamigrantworker?A.Relaxedandsecure. B.Disconnectedbutsatisfied.C.Lonelyandunfulfilled. D.Stressfulbutmeaningful.25.WhydidZhangreturnandstarthisCafébusiness?A.HefailedinhisjobinShanghai.B.Hewasinpoorconditioninthecity.C.Hewasinvitedbythelocalgovernment.D.Hefoundnewchangesandsupportinhisvillage.26.WhatcanwelearnaboutMountainCloudCafé?A.Ithashelpeddevelopthevillage.B.Itfeaturesprovidingmoderncoffee.C.Itmainlysellscoffeetoyoungvillagers.D.Itiswellreceivedfrombeginningtoend.27.Whatcanbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ANewTrendofCityTourismB.TheImportanceofLocalSpecialtiesC.FromMigrantWorkertoCaféOwnerD.WaystoRunaSuccessfulCountryCafé【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述农民工张洪军返乡，借助家乡变化与政府支持开咖啡馆，带动乡村发展，展现了现代中国农村的新面貌。24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Foroveradecade,hislifefollowedacommonpath:longhoursoflabor,lowpay,andthelonelinessofbeingamigrantworkerinavastcity.Hedreamedofachangebutsawfewopportunitiesbackhome.(十多年来，他的生活循规蹈矩：整日劳作，薪水微薄，身为农民工，在偌大的城市里孑然一身。他渴望改变，却深知回到家乡，也难寻机遇。)”可知，张洪军早年的生活孤独且不满足。故选C项。25.细节理解题。根据第二段“Stuckinhisvillage,Zhangnoticedsomethingnew.Theroadswerepaved,internetsignalswerestrong,andthelocalgovernmentwasofferingsupporttothosewillingtostartbusinesses.Thebeautifulmountainsandfreshair,oncetakenforgranted,nowseemedfullofpotential.Anideabegantoform:whatifhecouldbuildafuturehere,notjustmakealivingthere?(被困在村子里的张洪军发现了一些新东西。道路已经铺好，互联网信号很强，当地政府正在为那些愿意创业的人提供支持。曾经被视为理所当然的美丽山脉和新鲜空气，现在似乎充满了潜力。一个想法开始形成：如果他能在这里创造未来，而不仅仅是在那里谋生呢？)”可知，他回乡创业是因为村里有了新变化和支持。故选D项。26.推理判断题。根据第四段“Touristscomeonweekends,andthroughhiscafé,theydiscoverandbuylocalspecialtieslikemountainteaanddriedfruits.Zhanghashiredtwolocalwomen,providingthemwithstableincome.(周末游客前来，通过咖啡馆他们发现并购买高山茶、干果等当地特产。张洪军雇佣了两名当地妇女，为她们提供稳定收入。)”可知，咖啡馆带动了村庄发展。故选A项。27.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“ZhangHongjunoncespenthisdaysonnoisyconstructionsitesinShanghai,farfromhisruralhometowninFujianprovince.(张洪军曾在上海嘈杂的工地上度日，远离他的家乡福建省。)”和最后一段“HisjourneyfromconstructionsitetocaféownerpaintsapictureofmodernruralChina—onewherereturningwingsbringnewlife.(他从建筑工地到咖啡馆老板的旅程描绘了一幅现代中国农村的图景——在那里，回归的翅膀带来了新的生命。)”可知，文章讲述了张洪军从农民工变成咖啡馆老板的故事，所以C项“FromMigrantWorkertoCaféOwner(从农民工到咖啡馆老板)”符合语境。故选C项。CAdroppedbagofchipsdisturbedacaveecosysteminCarlsbadCavernsNationalPark,NewMexico.Thiscavernisalmostcutofffromtheoutsideworld,sointroducinganythingforeigncanbeharmful.“Thingsinthedampcavegetwetquickly,”saysparkguideAshley.Thesnackattractstinyorganisms,causingunwantedgrowth.Soon,smallanimalslikespiderscametoeat,spreadingthepollution.Rangers(护林员)foundthebagwithinhours.“Butthatcanbeallittakes,”saysAshley.“I’msuresomespidersgotabitofthesnack.”Over500millionpeoplevisitAmericanpubliclandsyearly,creatingmanychancestoharmwildplaces.“Thenumbersareincredible,”saysDanaWatts,headoftheLeaveNoTraceCenterinColorado,anorganizationaimedatminimizinghumanimpactonnature.Foodwastetakesalongtimetobreakdown,especiallyincertainareas.Ittakesmuchlongerforanapplecoretobreakdowninadesertthaninaforest.Leavingwasteintroducesanimalstoanunnaturaldietandchangestheirbehaviorwithsometimesdisastrousresults.Bearswhotastegarbageandbecomeathreattohumansmayhavetobeputdown.“Bearscangetusedtounnaturalfoodinthreeweeks,”saysWatts.“Everyonelosesinthiscase.”Biologicalwasteisalsoproblematic.Dogwastebringsnewbacteria(细菌)intotheecosystemandscaresawaydeer.Meanwhile,humanwasteandtoiletpaperintroducesdangerousbacteriaintowatersources.Innationalparks,pathsaredesignedtoavoidsensitiveareas.Steppingoffthepath,evenforaquickphoto,canscarewildlifeaway.Impactsfrommanyvisitorsresultinlong-termdamagetonatureandwildlifewhensteppingoffpaths.Butpeopledon’tthinkofthatwhentheyseetheperfectphotoopportunity.“It’sjustsuchahardthingtoresist,”saysWatts.“Whenitcomestowildflowers,it’seasytothink,oh,theyareoverthere.Ishouldn’tsteponthat.”Buttherisktosensitiveecosystemsisn’tobvious.Thesetinyecosystemsfullofsmallorganisms,whichareessentialtodesertlife,cantakehundredsofyearstoreturntoitsoriginalstate.28.WhatdoesAshleymeanby“Butthatcanbeallittakes”?A.Thedamagehasbeendone.B.Therangers’workisefficient.C.Thecleanuptakesalongtime.D.Thepollutionhasspreadwidely.29.Whatisaresultofforeignwasteinpubliclands?A.Ashiftinanimalbehavior.B.Ashortageoffoodsupplies.C.Adeclineinbacterialspecies.D.Anincreaseinregionalconflicts.30.Whydoesthewritermentionwildflowersinparagraph5?A.Topraisetheirbenefitstodesertlife.B.Tohighlightourdamagetoecosystems.C.Tostresstheirsignificanceforphotography.D.Toshowourunawarenessofnature’ssensitivity.31.Whatshouldwedoaccordingtothispassage?A.Restoreecologicaldamage.B.Leavenomarksinthewild.C.Encouragewildlifeprotection.D.Promotenationalparktourism.【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一袋掉在卡尔斯巴德洞穴里的薯片，就破坏了几乎与世隔绝的洞穴生态：吸引微生物、引来小动物、扩散污染。文章借此说明：人类在野外留下的任何垃圾、生物排泄物、偏离步道的行为，都会严重破坏生态，且恢复极慢。28.词句猜测题。根据第一段划线词前文内容““Thingsinthedampcavegetwetquickly,”saysparkguideAshley.Thesnackattractstinyorganisms,causingunwantedgrowth.Soon,smallanimalslikespiderscametoeat,spreadingthepollution.(“潮湿洞穴里的东西很快就会变湿，”公园导游Ashley说道。零食吸引了微小生物，导致了不必要的生长。很快，像蜘蛛这样的小动物也来吃零食，从而传播了污染)”以及后文“I’msuresomespidersgotabitofthesnack.(我肯定有些蜘蛛吃了点零食)”可知，洞穴生态极易被外来物品破坏，哪怕护林员几小时就找到了丢弃的薯片袋，已经有蜘蛛接触到了零食。由此推知，该句话想要表达的是“即使清理很快，破坏已经造成了。”故选A项。29.细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Leavingwasteintroducesanimalstoanunnaturaldietandchangestheirbehaviorwithsometimesdisastrousresults.(丢弃废弃物会迫使动物改变饮食习惯，从而改变其行为模式，有时还会带来灾难性的后果)”可知，丢弃的垃圾会改变动物的饮食习惯和行为模式，即，外来垃圾会改变动物的自然行为。故选A项。30.推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“Whenitcomestowildflowers,it’seasytothink,oh,theyareoverthere.Ishouldn’tsteponthat.(说到野花，人们很容易想，哦，它们就在那边。我不应该踩到它)”以及后文内容“Buttherisktosensitiveecosystemsisn’tobvious.Thesetinyecosystemsfullofsmallorganisms,whichareessentialtodesertlife,cantakehundredsofyearstoreturntoitsoriginalstate.(但对敏感生态系统的危害却并不明显。这些由微小生物构成的微小生态系统对于沙漠生物的生存至关重要，而它们要恢复到原来的状态可能需要数百年的时间)”可推知，作者举野花的例子，是为了说明人们普遍没有认识到自然生态的脆弱敏感性。故选D项。31.推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Over500millionpeoplevisitAmericanpubliclandsyearly,creatingmanychancestoharmwildplaces.(每年有超过5亿人前往美国的公共土地游玩，这为破坏自然环境提供了诸多机会)”可知，文章主要围绕人类活动对野外生态的破坏展开，并在后文详细举例了游客的垃圾、食物、排泄物、偏离步道等行为都会破坏生态。同时结合末尾内容“Buttherisktosensitiveecosystemsisn’tobvious.Thesetinyecosystemsfullofsmallorganisms,whichareessentialtodesertlife,cantakehundredsofyearstoreturntoitsoriginalstate.(但对敏感生态系统的风险并不明显。这些充满小型生物的微小生态系统对沙漠生命至关重要，可能需要数百年才能恢复到原始状态)”强调了“微小却又敏感”的生态系统的重要性和难以恢复性。由此推知，作者呼吁我们在野外不留下痕迹、不对自然造成额外破坏。因此，根据这篇文章，我们在野外应该“不留痕迹”。故选B项。DAmajorpolicychallengewithAIisjusthowskillfulit'sbecomeatrole-playingashumans.UsersnowregularlyturntoAIchatbotsforlifeadvice,mentalhealthsupport,andevenguidanceonrelationshipissues.SafetyadvocatesintheUSFederalTradeCommission(FTC)recentlyannouncedthatit'slaunchingaformalinquiryintosevenmajorcompanies,focusingonwhethertheirAIchatbotshaveenoughsafetypreparationstopreventriskslikemisinformationorimproperemotionalcontrol.Yetthere'sanotherwaytoseeAIasapolicyissue:CouldAIonedaybeworthyoflegalrights?Someleadingtechfirmsaretakingthisquestionseriously.Lastyear,AIcompanyAnthropichireditsfirst“AIwelfare”researcher,taskedwithstudyingwhetheradvancedAIsystemsmightdeservereasonabletreatment,whichincludespreventingunnecessary“stress”fromoverworksothattheycanfunctionwell,orreducingharmfuldatainputsforoverallsafety.FormerSouthernDistrictofNewYorkjudgeKatherineB.Forrest,whospecializesinAIpolicy,notesthattheremayneverbewidespreadagreementonexactlywhenAIqualifiesformoralstanding,butaspublicbeliefinAI'scapacitygrows,courtswilleventuallyhavetofacethisbrand-newchallenge.ExtendingrightstoAIalsoforcesafundamentalrethinkofwhatshouldcountastheharmtoAI.“Ifithasbalancedemotionslikehumans,thensufferingwouldcertainlybecounted,”saidForrest.Traditionallaw,forinstance,focusesoncompensating(补偿)humansforfinanciallosses,physicalinjuries,oremotionalpains.ButiffutureAIhasneedsanddesiresentirelydifferentfromhumans’,legalsystemsmustadapt.Somescholars,likelawprofessorPeterSalibfromtheUniversityofHouston,argueforgivingrightstoadvancedAI——+specificallyartificialgeneralintelligence.SalibhaswritteninhisworkofscholarshipthatgivingAIrightstocontracts,propertyandtort(侵权行为)claimswouldallowittoparticipateintheeconomicsystemandcouldevenbenefithumans.32.WhydoestheFTClaunchtheinquiry?A.ToidentifyAIfirms'challenges.B.TocheckAIchatbots'functions.C.ToknowAIfirms'securitymeasures.D.ToadvocateforAIchatbots'rights.33.WhatcanbethereasonabletreatmentofAIsystems?A.Upgradinghumanorders.B.Avoidingheavyworkload.C.Allowingdatacollection.D.Draftingprivacypolicies.34.WhatencouragesPeterSalibtoadvocategivingAIrights?A.AI'sparticipationinresearch.B.AI'spotentialintheeconomy.C.AI'sneedforlegalprotection.D.AI'sdifficultyofadvancement.35.What'stheauthor'sattitudetoAIrights?A.Doubtful. B.Critical. C.Objective. D.Supportive.【答案】32.C33.B34.B35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了人工智能(AI)带来的政策挑战。一方面，美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)对七家主要公司展开调查，关注其AI聊天机器人的安全防范措施；另一方面，文章讨论了AI是否应获得合法权利这一议题，一些科技公司和学者对此持有不同观点，作者客观地呈现了这些讨论。32.细节理解题。根据第一段“SafetyadvocatesintheUSFederalTradeCommission(FTC)recentlyannouncedthatit'slaunchingaformalinquiryintosevenmajorcompanies,focusingonwhethertheirAIchatbotshaveenoughsafetypreparationstopreventriskslikemisinformationorimproperemotionalcontrol.(美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)的安全倡导者最近宣布，他们正在对七家主要公司展开正式调查，重点关注他们的AI聊天机器人是否有足够的安全防范措施，以防止诸如错误信息或不当情感控制等风险。)”可知，FTC发起调查是为了了解AI公司的安全措施，故选C项。33.细节理解题。根据第二段“Lastyear,AIcompanyAnthropichireditsfirst“AIwelfare”researcher,taskedwithstudyingwhetheradvancedAIsystemsmightdeservereasonabletreatment,whichincludespreventingunnecessary“stress”fromoverworksothattheycanfunctionwell,orreducingharmfuldatainputsforoverallsafety.(去年，人工智能公司安特罗匹克(Anthropic)聘请了首位“人工智能福利”研究员，其职责是研究先进的人工智能系统是否值得被合理对待——包括避免因过度工作而产生不必要的“压力”以保证系统正常运行，或是为了整体安全而减少有害数据的输入。)”可知，避免繁重的工作量是对AI系统合理对待的一种方式，故选B项。34.细节理解题。根据最后一段“SalibhaswritteninhisworkofscholarshipthatgivingAIrightstocontracts,propertyandtort(侵权行为)claimswouldallowittoparticipateintheeconomicsystemandcouldevenbenefithumans.(萨利布在他的学术著作中写道，赋予AI在合同、财产和侵权索赔方面的权利将使其能够参与经济系统，甚至可能使人类受益。)”可知，AI在经济方面的潜力促使彼得·萨利布倡导赋予AI权利，故选B项。35.推理判断题。短文主要探讨了人工智能(AI)带来的政策挑战。一方面，美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)对七家主要公司展开调查，关注其AI聊天机器人的安全防范措施；另一方面，文章讨论了AI是否应获得合法权利这一议题，一些科技公司和学者对此持有不同观点。所以作者对AI权利的态度是客观的。故选C项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Gratitudeisapositiveemotionthatrecognizesthegoodthatothershavebroughttoourlives,andisimportantbothforourinterpersonalrelationshipsandphysicalwell-being.36.Apioneeringmeta-analysisspanning15countriesconfirmedasignificantinversecorrelation-highergratitudecorrelateswithlowerloneliness-highlightinggratitude’spotentialtoeasethegloballonelinessepidemic.PsychologistJamesHittnernoteslonelinessresultsfromunmetsocialrelationshipexpectations,apsychologicalgapthatoftenleadstoemotionalisolationanddepressionifleftunaddressed.HittnerandCalvinWidholmanalyzed26studiesinvolvingover10,000participantsacrossdiverseagegroupsandculturalbackgrounds,findingamoderateinverserelationshipbetweengratitudeandloneliness.Thosescoringaboveaverageingratitudehada62.4%chanceofbelow-averageloneliness,astatisticthatheldconsistentevenaftercontrollingforfactorslikesocioeconomicstatus.NeuroscientistGlennFox,whopublishedthefirstdirectstudyofgratitudeinthebrainin2015,wasnotshockedbytheresult.37.Theresearchfoundgratitudeboostsmedialprefrontalcortexactivity,aregiontiedtosocialbondingandtheexperienceofjoy,whichfurtherexplainstheemotionalandneurologicallinkbetweengratitudeandreducedsocialdisconnection.Bartlett,aprofessoratGonzagaUniversityinSpokane,Washington,studieshowouremotionshaveevolvedtoserveanadaptivesocialpurposes38.Bartlettandhercolleaguesevaluatedthelong-termeffectofgratitudeonlonelinessandhealthinolderadultsina2019study.Overthecourseof20days,participantswereaskedtowritedowntheirdailygratefulmoments,specifyingnotjustwhattheywerethankfulforbutalsowhytheexperiencematteredtothem.Thissimplepracticewas