18英语四级试题

18英语四级试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofdevelopingagoodreadinghabit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitem.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thedigitalagehastransformedhowweaccessinformation.Whiletheinternetoffers(1)______convenience,ithasalsoposedchallengestoourabilitytoconcentrateandengageindeepreading.Agoodreadinghabit,particularlyofprintedbooksorlengthyarticles,is(2)______forcognitivedevelopment.Ittrainsthebraintofocus,improvesvocabulary,andenhancescomprehensionskills.Moreover,regularreadingcan(3)______stressandprovideahealthyescapefromdailypressures.Studieshaveshownthatindividualswhoread(4)______tendtohavebettermemoryandanalyticalthinkingabilities.Developingthishabitrequires(5)______effort.Settingasidededicatedtimeeachday,choosing(6)______materials,andreducingdistractionsfromelectronicdevicesareeffectivestrategies.Parentsandeducatorsplaya(7)______roleinfosteringthishabitinyoungpeoplebyprovidingaccesstobooksand(8)______readingasaleisureactivity.Inaworldsaturatedwithfragmentedinformation,theabilitytoreaddeeplyisnotjustaskillbuta(9)______assetthatenrichesone'spersonaland(10)______life.A)professionalB)deliberatelyC)criticalD)immenseE)reduceF)promoteG)consistentlyH)cultivatedI)rewardingJ)fascinatingK)deliberateL)luxuryM)essentialN)practicalO)intellectuallySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.ThePowerofSmallWinsInthepursuitofmajorgoals,whetherlearninganewlanguage,writingabook,orgettingfit,peopleoftenfocusonthedistant,finaloutcome.However,psychologicalresearchsuggeststhatpayingattentionto"smallwins"—theminor,concretemilestonesalongtheway—iscrucialformaintainingmotivationandachievinglong-termsuccess.ProfessorTeresaAmabilefromHarvardBusinessSchoolanalyzeddailydiaryentriesfromhundredsofemployeesworkingoncreativeprojects.Herfindingswerestriking:thesinglemostimportantfactorboostingaperson'smotivationandemotionsduringaworkdaywasmakingprogressinmeaningfulwork,evenifthatprogresswasasmallstepforward.Shetermedthis"theprogressprinciple":thesenseofmovingahead,regardlessofthesizeofthestep,triggerspositiveinnerworklife,whichinturnfuelsfurtherengagementandcreativity.Thereasonsmallwinsaresopowerfulliesinhowourbrainsarewired.Achievingagoalreleasesdopamine,aneurotransmitterassociatedwithpleasureandlearning.Thischemicalrewardmakesusfeelhappyandmotivatesustorepeattheactionsthatledtothesuccess.Therefore,breakingdownalarge,dauntingobjectiveintoaseriesofsmall,manageabletaskscreatesmultipleopportunitiesfordopaminerelease,creatingapositivefeedbackloopthatsustainseffort.Conversely,focusingsolelyonthegrandambitioncanbedemoralizing.Thegapbetweenwhereyouareandwhereyouwanttobecanseeminsurmountable,leadingtoprocrastinationorabandonment.Smallwinsmakethejourneytangible.Completingachapter,runninganextrakilometer,ormasteringtennewvocabularywordsprovidesconcreteevidenceofadvancement.Thisevidencebuildsconfidenceandreinforcesthebeliefthattheultimategoalisattainable.Inpracticalterms,thismeanssettingspecific,immediatesub-goals.Insteadof"writeanovel,"aimfor"write500wordstoday."Insteadof"getfluentinSpanish,"focuson"completeonelessonontheappthisevening."Celebratingtheseminorcompletionsisvital;itacknowledgestheeffortandprogramsthebraintoassociatethehardworkwithsatisfaction.Inthemarathonofachievement,it'stheconsistent,smallstepsthatcoverthegreatestdistance.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Largegoalsareultimatelymoreinspiringthansmallones.B)Celebratingfinalsuccessisthekeytohappiness.C)Focusingonminorprogressisessentialforsustainingmotivation.D)Creativeprojectsrequirespecialmotivationaltechniques.12.WhatdidTeresaAmabile'sresearchfindtobethekeymotivatoratwork?A)Highsalaryandbonuses.B)Supportiverelationshipswithcolleagues.C)Makingprogressinmeaningfultasks.D)Havingaclearandgrandfinalgoal.13.Howdosmallwinsaffectourbrainaccordingtothepassage?A)Theyreducethelevelofstresshormones.B)Theytriggerthereleaseofdopamine,creatingasenseofreward.C)Theyenhancelong-termmemoryformation.D)Theyhelpinforgettingpastfailures.14.Whycanfocusingonlyonamajorambitionbeproblematic?A)Itoftenleadstoimmediatefinancialloss.B)Itrequirestoomuchtimetoplan.C)Thelargegapcandiscouragepeopleandcausethemtogiveup.D)Itpreventspeoplefromseekinghelpfromothers.15.Whatpracticaladvicedoestheauthorgiveforapplyingthe"progressprinciple"?A)Alwaysshareyourbiggoalswithfriends.B)Setspecific,immediatesub-goalsandcelebratecompletingthem.C)Avoidbreakingdowngoalstokeepthechallengeexciting.D)Focusonlyonthefinaloutcometomaintainaclearvision.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneInanincreasinglyglobalizedjobmarket,theconceptofa"portfoliocareer"isgainingtraction,especiallyamongyoungergenerations.Unlikethetraditionalmodelofworkingforasingleemployerinonerolefordecades,aportfoliocareerinvolvesmanagingmultiplepart-timejobs,freelancegigs,consultancyprojects,orentrepreneurialventuressimultaneously.Thisapproachoffersgreaterflexibility,autonomy,andvariety.Individualscanleveragediverseskills,exploredifferentinterests,andcreatemultipleincomestreams,whichcanbeparticularlyappealinginanuncertaineconomicclimate.However,thiscareerpathisnotwithoutitschallenges.Thelackofastablemonthlysalary,employer-providedbenefitslikehealthinsuranceandretirementplans,andaclearcareerladdercanbesignificantdrawbacks.Portfolioworkersmustbehighlyself-motivated,disciplinedinmanagingtheirtimeandfinances,andproactiveinseekingnewopportunities.Theboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallifecaneasilyblur,leadingtopotentialburnout.Furthermore,theyoftenfacethe"gigeconomy"paradox:whilevaluingfreedom,theymayendupworkinglongerhoursforlesspredictablepay.Despitethesechallenges,thetrendseemstobegrowing,drivenbydigitalplatformsthatconnectfreelancerswithclientsworldwideandaculturalshifttowardsvaluingexperiencesandflexibilityoverjobsecurity.Formany,thetrade-offisworthit.Theabilitytodesignone'sownworklife,pursuepassions,andavoidofficepoliticsisapowerfulmotivator.Educationalinstitutionsandcareeradvisorsarenowbeginningtorecognizethisshift,offeringmoreguidanceonbuildingasustainableportfoliocareer,whichincludesfinancialplanning,personalbranding,andcontractnegotiationskills.16.Whatisa"portfoliocareer"asdescribedinthepassage?A)Acareerfocusedonfinancialinvestmentmanagement.B)Acareerpathwithinasinglecompanywithmultipleroles.C)Managingseveraldifferentworkengagementsatthesametime.D)Ashort-terminternshiptobuildone'sresume.17.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasanadvantageofaportfoliocareer?A)Guaranteedlong-termjobsecurity.B)Comprehensiveemployerbenefits.C)Greaterflexibilityandvariety.D)Awell-definedpromotionsystem.18.Whatisamajorchallengeforportfolioworkers?A)Lackofopportunitiestousedigitalplatforms.B)Difficultyinfindinganyworkatall.C)Absenceofstablesalaryandtraditionalbenefits.D)Beingforcedtoworkinanofficeenvironment.19.Whatisthe"gigeconomyparadox"mentionedinparagraph2?A)Freelancershavemorefreedombutmayworkmoreirregularlyforlesssecureincome.B)Digitalplatformsprovidefreedombutlimitthetypesofjobsavailable.C)Clientshavemorechoicesbutpayhigherprices.D)Traditionaljobsoffermoresecuritybutlesssatisfaction.20.Howisthetrendofportfoliocareersbeingsupported?A)Bygovernmentsenforcingtraditionalemploymentcontracts.B)Bydigitalplatformsandaculturalshifttowardsflexibility.C)Bycompaniesrefusingtohirefreelancers.D)Byeducationalinstitutionsdiscouragingthispath.PassageTwoUrbangreenspaces,suchasparks,gardens,andtree-linedstreets,areoftenhailedasthe"lungsofacity"fortheirroleinimprovingairquality.However,theirbenefitsextendfarbeyondenvironmentalpurification.Agrowingbodyofscientificevidenceunderscorestheirprofoundimpactonmentalhealthandcommunitywell-being.Accesstonatureinurbansettingshasbeenconsistentlylinkedtoreducedlevelsofstress,anxiety,anddepression.Themechanismsaremultifaceted.Thevisualappealofnaturalscenerycanhavearestorativeeffectonamindfatiguedbytheconstantstimulationofcitylife—aconceptknownas"attentionrestorationtheory."Physicalactivityisalsomorelikelyingreensettings,whetherit'swalking,jogging,orplayingsports,whichitselfboostsendorphinsandimprovesmood.Furthermore,thesespacesprovidevitalvenuesforsocialinteraction,fosteringasenseofcommunityandreducingfeelingsoflonelinessandisolation.Studieshaveshownmeasurablephysiologicalchangesafterspendingtimeingreenspaces,includinglowerheartrate,reducedbloodpressure,anddecreasedlevelsofcortisol,astresshormone.Forchildren,playinnaturalenvironmentsisassociatedwithbettercognitivedevelopment,creativity,andreducedsymptomsofAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder(ADHD).Despitetheclearbenefits,accesstoqualitygreenspaceisnotequitable.Economicallydisadvantagedneighborhoodsoftenhavefewerparksandlessmaintainedgreenery.Urbanplannersandpolicymakersarethusincreasinglyurgedtoconsidergreeninfrastructurenotasaluxurybutasanessentialpublichealthinvestment.Creatingandmaintainingaccessibleparks,developinggreenrooftopsandwalls,andpreservingurbantreecanopiesarestrategiesbeingadoptedtoensurethatthementalhealthbenefitsofnatureareavailabletoallcitydwellers,promotingnotjustindividualwellnessbutsocialcohesion.21.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A)Tocriticizethelackofparksincities.B)Toexplaintheeconomicvalueofurbanland.C)Todiscussthemultiplebenefitsofurbangreenspacesonwell-being.D)Todescribethehistoryofurbanplanning.22.Accordingtothe"attentionrestorationtheory,"howdogreenspaceshelp?A)Theyprovidespaceforintensephysicalworkouts.B)Theyofferaquietplaceforbusinessmeetings.C)Theirnaturalsceneryhelpsrestorementalfatiguefromurbanstimulation.D)Theyincreasepropertyvaluesinthesurroundingarea.23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasabenefitofurbangreenspaces?A)ReducingsymptomsofADHDinchildren.B)Loweringlevelsofstresshormones.C)Increasingcompetitionamongcommunities.D)Encouragingphysicalactivity.24.Whatphysiologicalchangesareassociatedwithspendingtimeingreenspaces?A)Increasedcortisolandhigherbloodpressure.B)Lowerheartrateandreducedbloodpressure.C)Increasedadrenalineandfastermetabolism.D)Higherbodytemperatureandsweating.25.Whatissuedoestheauthorpointoutregardingaccesstogreenspaces?A)Theyaretooexpensivetomaintain.B)Theyareequallydistributedacrossallneighborhoods.C)Theyareprimarilyusedbytheelderly.D)Poorerneighborhoodsoftenhavelessaccesstothem.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateaparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouranswer.中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的传统艺术，已有数千年的历史。它不仅是书写汉字的技巧，更是一种表达情感和审美观念的方式。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度和速度，创造出具有韵律和美感的线条。练习书法需要耐心和专注，有助于修身养性。今天，书法不仅被视为一种高雅的艺术形式，也作为中国文化的象征受到全世界的欣赏。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIVWriting(ThispartisthesameasPartI,alreadylistedabove.)---答案(AnswerKey)PartIWriting(SampleEssay)Developingagoodreadinghabitisofparamountimportanceintoday'sfast-pacedworld.Firstly,itsignificantlyenhancesourknowledgeandbroadensourhorizonsbyexposingustodiverseideasandcultures.Secondly,regularreadingstrengthenscognitiveabilitiessuchasconcentration,criticalthinking,andvocabulary.Unlikethefragmentedinformationonline,deepreadingofbookstrainsthemindtofocusforextendedperiods.Furthermore,readingservesasaneffectivemeansofrelaxation,reducingstressbytransportingustodifferentworlds.Tocultivatethishabit,onecanstartbysettingasideafixedtimeforreadingdaily,choosinginterestingbooks,andminimizingdigitaldistractions.Inconclusion,agoodreadinghabitisavaluableassetthatenrichesthemindandsoul.PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.D)immense2.M)essential3.E)reduce4.G)consistently5.K)deliberate6.J)f