英语四级试题照片

英语四级试题照片

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopicTheImportanceofDevelopingCriticalThinkingSkills.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Intoday'srapidlyevolvingjobmarket,theconceptofa"lifelongcareer"atasinglecompanyisbecomingincreasingly1.______.Technologicaladvancementsandglobaleconomicshiftsare2.______thenatureofworkitself.Consequently,professionalsarefindingthatadaptabilityandcontinuouslearningarenolongeroptionalbutessentialforcareer3.______.Theriseofautomationandartificialintelligenceis4.______manyroutinetasks,butitsimultaneouslycreatesdemandfornewskillsets,particularlythoseinvolvingcomplexproblem-solving,creativity,andemotionalintelligence.Theseareareaswherehumans5.______overmachines.Tostayrelevant,individualsmustadoptamindsetoflifelonglearning.Thisdoesn't6.______solelypursuingadvanceddegrees;itcanincludeonlinecourses,professionalworkshops,self-study,andlearningfromon-the-jobexperiences.Moreover,thetraditionallinearcareerpathisgivingwaytomore7.______trajectories.Peoplechangeindustries,takecareerbreaksforpersonaldevelopment,orengageinportfoliocareerscombiningmultipleroles.This8.______requiresarobustprofessionalnetworkandtheabilitytomarketone'stransferableskillseffectively.Employers,ontheirpart,areincreasingly9.______candidateswhodemonstratecuriosityandaprovenabilitytolearnnewskillsquickly.Theyvaluepotentialandadaptabilityasmuchas,ifnotmorethan,specifictechnicalknowledge.Therefore,cultivatingahabitofcontinuouslearningisperhapsthemostreliablestrategyforfuture-proofingone'scareerinan10.______world.WordBank:A)necessarilyB)flexibilityC)obsoleteD)uncertainE)surpassF)survivalG)reshapingH)traditionalI)displacingJ)dynamicK)favorL)retainingM)seekingN)excellenceO)non-linearSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbytenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.[A]Thephenomenonof"urbanheatislands"(UHIs)describesmetropolitanareasthataresignificantlywarmerthantheirsurroundingruralregions.Thistemperaturedifferenceisprimarilyduetohumanactivitiesandthemodificationoflandsurfaces.Concrete,asphalt,andbuildingsabsorbandretainheatduringthedayandreleaseitslowlyatnight,preventingcitiesfromcoolingdowneffectively.[B]TheprimarycauseofUHIsisthereplacementofnaturalvegetationwithconstructedmaterials.Thesematerialshavedifferentthermalproperties.Forinstance,darkroofsandpavementscanbe30-50°Chotterthantheairtemperatureonasunnyday,whereasvegetatedsurfacesremainclosetoairtemperatureduetoevaporativecoolingfromplants.[C]TheconsequencesofUHIsaremultifaceted.Theycontributetoincreasedenergyconsumptionasresidentsrelymoreheavilyonairconditioning.This,inturn,leadstohigheremissionsofgreenhousegasesandairpollutantsfrompowerplants.Elevatedtemperaturescanalsoworsenheat-relatedillnessesandmortality,particularlyamongvulnerablepopulationsliketheelderly.[D]Furthermore,UHIscanalterlocalweatherpatterns.Theymayinfluencetheformationofcloudsandprecipitationdownwindofcities.Theheatedairoveracityrises,creatinglow-pressurezonesthatcandrawinmoistair,sometimesintensifyingthunderstorms.[E]MitigatingtheeffectsofUHIsrequiresstrategicurbanplanning.Oneeffectiveapproachisincreasingurbangreenerythroughparks,streettrees,andgreenroofs.Plantsprovideshadeandreleasemoistureintotheairthroughtranspiration,whichcoolsthesurroundings.[F]Anotherstrategyinvolvesusing"coolmaterials"forroofs,pavements,andbuildings.Thesematerialsaredesignedtoreflectmoresunlightandabsorblessheat.Forexample,awhiteroofreflectsupto80%ofsunlight,comparedtoabout20%foradarkroof.[G]Smarturbandesigncanalsopromotenaturalventilation.Byorientingbuildingstochannelprevailingwindsandcreatingwiderspacingbetweenstructures,citiescanenhanceairflow,whichhelpsdisperseheatandpollutants.[H]Publicawarenessandpolicyinterventionsarecrucial.Incentiveprogramsforinstallingcoolroofsorgreeninfrastructurecanaccelerateadoption.Zoninglawsthatmandateacertainpercentageofgreenspaceinnewdevelopmentsareanotherpowerfultool.[I]Whilechallengesexist,suchasthecostofretrofittingexistinginfrastructure,thelong-termbenefitsofmitigatingUHIsaresubstantial.Theyincludereducedenergycosts,improvedpublichealth,enhancedcomfort,andgreaterresiliencetoclimatechange.[J]Inconclusion,urbanheatislandsrepresentasignificantenvironmentalchallengeforgrowingcities.However,throughacombinationoftechnologicalinnovation,thoughtfuldesign,andsupportivepolicies,theirimpactcanbesubstantiallyreduced,leadingtomorelivableandsustainableurbanenvironments.1.Thetemperaturecontrastbetweencitycentersandruralareasisaresultofhuman-alteredlandscapes.2.Onebenefitofusingreflectivematerialsonroofsistheirhighsolarreflectance.3.Thehealthofolderadultscanbeparticularlyatriskduetohigherurbantemperatures.4.Therisinghotairincitiescanaffectatmosphericpressureandstormformation.5.Financialincentivescanencouragetheuseofenvironment-friendlybuildingtechniques.6.ReplacingplantswithconstructionmaterialsisthemainreasonbehindUHIs.7.Improvingaircirculationbetweenbuildingsisapotentialmethodtoalleviateheatbuildup.8.Thelong-termadvantagesoftacklingUHIsoutweightheinitialimplementationdifficulties.9.Urbanheatcanleadtogreateruseofcoolingsystems,resultinginmorepollution.10.Vegetationhelpscooltheairthroughaprocessinvolvingwaterrelease.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneTheconceptof"digitaldetox"–voluntarilyrefrainingfromusingelectronicdevicessuchassmartphonesandcomputers–hasgainedpopularityasaresponsetoperceivedtechnologyoveruse.Proponentsarguethatconstantconnectivityleadstostress,fragmentedattention,reducedface-to-faceinteraction,andsleepdisruption.Periodicallyunplugging,theyclaim,canrestoremindfulness,improveinterpersonalrelationships,andenhanceoverallwell-being.Critics,however,questionthenecessityandeffectivenessofsuchdrasticmeasures.Theypointoutthattechnologyisintricatelywovenintomodernwork,education,andsociallife.Acompletedisconnectmaynotbepracticalordesirableformany.Instead,theyadvocatefordevelopinghealthierhabitsaroundtechnologyuse,suchassettingspecific"no-phone"times,turningoffnon-essentialnotifications,andbeingmoreintentionalaboutonlineactivities.Researchonthebenefitsofdigitaldetoxespresentsamixedpicture.Somestudiesshowshort-termreductionsinstressandimprovementsinconcentrationafteradetoxperiod.However,theseeffectsmaynotbelong-lastingwithoutsustainedchangesinbehavior.Furthermore,theanxietysomepeoplefeelwhenseparatedfromtheirdevices–oftencalled"nomophobia"–suggeststhatforsome,asuddendetoxcouldbecounterproductive.Ultimately,thevalueofadigitaldetoxmaydependonindividualcircumstancesandhowitisimplemented.Forapersonfeelingoverwhelmedbyconstantnotificationsandsocialmediapressure,aweekendofflinemightprovidevaluablementalspace.Forothers,amorebalancedapproachofmindfulusageintegratedintodailylifemightbeamoresustainablesolution.Thekeyisnotnecessarilytovillainizetechnologybuttocultivateaconsciousandcontrolledrelationshipwithit.1.Whatisthemainargumentofproponentsof"digitaldetox"?A)Itisanecessarysteptoabandonmoderntechnologycompletely.B)Itcancounteractthenegativeeffectsofbeingconstantlyconnected.C)Itistheonlywaytoimproveproductivityintheworkplace.D)Ithelpspeoplesavemoneyondigitalservicesandgadgets.2.Whatdocriticssuggestasanalternativetoafulldigitaldetox?A)Usingoldermodelsofphonesthathavefewerfunctions.B)Imposingstrictgovernmentregulationsoninternetuse.C)Developingmoredisciplineddailyhabitsregardingtechnology.D)Encouragingpeopletomovetoareaswithnointernetaccess.3.Whatdoestheterm"nomophobia"refertointhepassage?A)Thefearoflosingone'spersonaldata.B)Thestresscausedbyexcessiveface-to-faceinteraction.C)Theanxietyexperiencedwhenawayfromone'smobiledevices.D)Thediscomfortassociatedwithlearningnewsoftware.4.Whatistheauthor'sconclusionaboutdigitaldetox?A)Itisanoutdatedconceptwithnorealbenefits.B)Itseffectivenessvariesanddependsonpersonalapproach.C)Itisuniversallyrecommendedbypsychologists.D)Itshouldbeenforcedasamandatorypracticeforstudents.PassageTwoForcenturies,spiceswereamongthemostvaluablecommoditiesintheworld,drivingexploration,trade,andevenwars.Theirvalueoriginatednotonlyfromtheirabilitytopreservefoodandmaskthetasteofspoilageinanerabeforerefrigerationbutalsofromtheirmedicinaluses,symbolicrolesinrituals,andtheirsheerscarcity.Thequestfordirectaccesstothesourcesofspiceslikepepper,cinnamon,andcloveswasamajorcatalystfortheEuropeanAgeofExploration.ThespicetradewasdominatedbycomplexandoftendangerousoverlandroutesfromAsiatoEurope,controlledbyMiddleEasternandVenetianmerchantswhomaintainedhighprices.ThismonopolymotivatedEuropeanpowers,beginningwithPortugalinthelate15thcentury,toseeksearoutestoAsia.VascodaGama'ssuccessfulvoyagetoIndia(1497-1499)openedadirectmaritimepath,breakingtheoverlandmonopolyandprofoundlyalteringglobaltradedynamics.Theconsequenceswerefar-reaching.TheestablishmentofsearoutesledtoEuropeancolonialempiresinAsia.Itinitiatedaperiodofculturalexchange,butalsoofexploitationandconflict.Theglobalcirculationofgoods,people,andideasaccelerated.Interestingly,asspicesbecamemoreaccessibleandtheirsupplyincreased,theirrelativevalueasluxuryitemsdiminishedinEurope.Theybecamemorecommonplace,shiftingfrombeingexclusivesymbolsofwealthtomorewidelyusedculinaryingredients.Today,spicesaretakenforgranted,availableinanysupermarket.However,theirhistoryisapowerfulreminderofhowthedesireforflavorandpreservationonceshapedworldmaps,economies,andinternationalrelations,settingthestagefortheinterconnectedglobalmarketweknowtoday.5.Whywerespicesextremelyvaluablehistorically?A)Theyweretheprimarysourceofnutrition.B)Theywereeasytoproduceinlargequantities.C)Theyservedmultiplepurposesincludingfoodpreservationandmedicine.D)Theywereusedasacommoncurrencyworldwide.6.WhatwasamajormotivationforEuropeanexplorationofsearoutestoAsia?A)Todiscovernewcontinents.B)Tobypasstheoverlandspicetrademonopolies.C)Tospreadreligiousbeliefs.D)TostudyAsianculturesandsciences.7.Whatwasonesignificantresultoftheopeningofdirectsearoutesforspices?A)Spicesimmediatelybecameworthless.B)EuropeancolonialexpansioninAsiawasfacilitated.C)Theoverlandtraderoutesbecamemorepopular.D)Themedicinaluseofspiceswasdiscontinued.8.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A)Toprovidecookingrecipesusingancientspices.B)Toarguethatspicesarestillthemostimportantglobalcommodity.C)Todescribehowthehistoricalspicetradeinfluencedglobaldevelopment.D)TocriticizetheEuropeancolonizationofAsiancountries.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术，是中华文化的重要组成部分。它不仅仅是书写文字，更是一种表达情感和个性的方式。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度和速度，创造出具有美感和力度的笔画。练习书法需要耐心和专注，被认为是一种修身养性的活动。几千年来，书法一直深受中国人民的喜爱和尊敬。如今，它不仅是一种艺术形式，也成为了连接过去与现在、中国与世界的文化桥梁。PartIVAnswerSheetPartIWriting(Theessaywillbewrittenbytheexaminee.)PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.______2.______3.______4.______5.______6.______7.______8.______9.______10.______SectionB1.______2.______3.______4.______5.______6.______7.______8.______9.______10.______SectionCPassageOne1.______2.______3.______4.______PassageTwo5.______6.______7.______8.______PartIIITranslation____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________