法学英语四级试题

法学英语四级试题

PartIVocabularyandStructure(30%)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Thecontractclearly______theresponsibilitiesofbothpartiesincaseofbreach.A.specifiesB.speculatesC.signifiesD.simplifies2.Accordingtothenewregulation,anyevidenceobtainedillegallyshallnotbe______asthebasisforajudgment.A.admittedB.permittedC.committedD.submitted3.Thelawyerarguedthatthedefendant’srighttoafairtrialhadbeen______.A.violatedB.evaluatedC.negotiatedD.stimulated4.Thecourtorderedthecompanyto______theenvironmentaldamagewithinthreemonths.A.remedyB.remindC.removeD.reform5.Inacivillawsuit,theburdenofproofusuallylieswiththe______.A.prosecutorB.plaintiffC.defendantD.jury6.Thetwopartiesfinallyreacheda(n)______settlementthroughmediation.A.hostileB.voluntaryC.compulsoryD.temporary7.Thejudgewarnedthewitnessagainstgiving______testimony.A.subjectiveB.falseC.objectiveD.oral8.Thenewpolicyaimsto______theprotectionofintellectualpropertyrights.A.strengthenB.lengthenC.widenD.deepen9.Thesuspectwas______ofallchargesduetoinsufficientevidence.A.convictedB.accusedC.acquittedD.sentenced10.Legalprofessionalsmustadheretostrict______ofconduct.A.rulesB.codesC.lawsD.principles11.Thearbitrationclauseinthecontractrequiresbothpartiesto______disputestoaneutralpanel.A.submitB.transmitC.permitD.omit12.Thecompanyfileda______againstitscompetitorforpatentinfringement.A.lawsuitB.lawmakerC.lawfulnessD.lawman13.Theconstitutionalrighttoprivacyisnot______,butsubjecttocertainlimitations.A.absoluteB.abstractC.abundantD.academic14.Theattorneyadvisedhisclienttoexercisetherighttoremain______duringinterrogation.A.silentB.absentC.presentD.calm15.Thecourt’sdecisionseta(n)______forfuturesimilarcases.A.exampleB.precedentC.instanceD.model16.Thedefendantpleaded______tothelesserchargeinexchangeforareducedsentence.A.innocentB.guiltyC.ignoranceD.denial17.Thenewlegislation______stricterpenaltiesforcorporatefraud.A.imposesB.proposesC.supposesD.opposes18.Thejudgemay______afineorimprisonmentforcontemptofcourt.A.inflictB.conflictC.afflictD.restrict19.Thelawyer’s______argumentconvincedthejuryofhisclient’sinnocence.A.persuasiveB.pervasiveC.permissiveD.preventive20.Thecontractbecomes______uponsignaturebybothparties.A.validB.voidC.vacantD.vague21.Thewitnesswasaskedto______tothetruthfulnessofhisstatement.A.swearB.declareC.affirmD.confirm22.Thepoliceobtaineda______tosearchthesuspect’spremises.A.warrantB.warningC.warrantyD.ward23.Theprincipleof“innocentuntilprovenguilty”isacornerstoneof______law.A.civilB.criminalC.administrativeD.constitutional24.Thepartiesagreedtoresolvetheirdisputethrough______ratherthanlitigation.A.arbitrationB.argumentC.arrangementD.announcement25.Thecourtcan______atemporaryinjunctiontopreventfurtherharm.A.grantB.grandC.groundD.guard26.Thedefendant’sprior______recordwastakenintoaccountduringsentencing.A.criminalB.crimeC.criminateD.criminology27.Thelawyer’s______todetailhelpeduncovercrucialevidence.A.attentionB.intentionC.extensionD.retention28.Thejudge______thejurytodisregardtheinadmissibleevidence.A.instructedB.constructedC.obstructedD.deducted29.Theplaintiffsought______damagesforemotionaldistress.A.compensatoryB.complementaryC.complimentaryD.compulsory30.Thelegalsystemensuresthateveryonehas______tojustice.A.accessB.excessC.assessD.accentPartIIReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbyfivequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestanswer.PassageOneIncommonlawjurisdictions,thedoctrineofstaredecisis(Latinfor“tostandbythingsdecided”)isakeyprinciple.Itmeansthatcourtsareboundtofollowtheprecedentsestablishedbyhighercourtswithinthesamejurisdiction.Thisdoctrinepromotesconsistency,predictability,andfairnessinthelegalsystem.Lowercourtsmustadheretothedecisionsofhighercourts,andcourtsgenerallyfollowtheirownpriorrulings.However,precedentscanbeoverturnediftheyaredeemedoutdatedorunjust.Forexample,theU.S.SupremeCourtmayoverturnitsownpreviousdecisionswhensocietalvaluesorinterpretationsoftheConstitutionevolve.31.Whatdoesthedoctrineofstaredecisisprimarilyensure?A.SpeedytrialsB.JudicialindependenceC.ConsistencyinlegaldecisionsD.Legislativesupremacy32.Accordingtothepassage,whichcourtsmustfollowtheprecedentsofhighercourts?A.OnlyfederalcourtsB.OnlysupremecourtsC.LowercourtswithinthesamejurisdictionD.Courtsindifferentjurisdictions33.Whenmightaprecedentbeoverturned?A.WhenitistoooldB.WhenitisconsideredoutdatedorunjustC.OnlybylegislativeactionD.Whenalowercourtdisagreeswithit34.Whichcourtismentionedashavingthepowertooverturnitsowndecisions?A.TheInternationalCourtofJusticeB.TheU.S.SupremeCourtC.TheEuropeanCourtofHumanRightsD.Allappellatecourts35.Thedoctrineofstaredecisisismostcloselyassociatedwithwhichlegaltradition?A.CivillawB.CommonlawC.ReligiouslawD.CustomarylawPassageTwoAlternativeDisputeResolution(ADR)referstomethodsofresolvingdisputesoutsideoftraditionalcourtlitigation.CommonformsofADRincludemediation,arbitration,andnegotiation.Mediationinvolvesaneutralthirdpartywhohelpsthedisputingpartiesreachamutuallyacceptableagreement.Arbitrationinvolvesaneutralarbitratororpanelwhohearsevidenceandmakesabindingdecision.ADRisoftenfaster,lessformal,andlessexpensivethanlitigation.Italsoallowspartiesmorecontrolovertheprocessandoutcome.ManycontractsnowincludeADRclausesrequiringpartiestoattemptmediationorarbitrationbeforefilingalawsuit.36.WhatisthemainpurposeofADR?A.ToreplaceallcourtsystemsB.ToresolvedisputeswithoutlitigationC.ToincreasegovernmentcontroloverdisputesD.Tolengthenthedisputeresolutionprocess37.Inmediation,whatistheroleofthethirdparty?A.TomakeabindingdecisionB.Torepresentoneparty’sinterestsC.TohelppartiesreachanagreementD.Toenforcethefinalagreement38.Howdoesarbitrationdifferfrommediation?A.Arbitrationisnon-binding.B.Arbitrationinvolvesadecisionbyaneutralparty.C.Arbitrationisalwaysmoreexpensive.D.Arbitrationrequirescourtapproval.39.WhymightpartiespreferADRoverlitigation?A.Itisalwayslegallyrequired.B.Itisfaster,lessformal,andlesscostly.C.Itguaranteesawinforoneparty.D.Itinvolvesmorepublicity.40.WhatisacommonfeatureofmoderncontractsregardingADR?A.TheyprohibitADR.B.TheyrequireADRbeforelitigation.C.TheymakeADRoptionalonlyafterlitigation.D.Theyonlyallowarbitration,notmediation.PassageThreeIntellectualproperty(IP)lawprotectscreationsofthemind,suchasinventions,literaryandartisticworks,symbols,names,anddesigns.ThemaintypesofIPrightsarepatents,copyrights,trademarks,andtradesecrets.Patentsprotectinventionsforalimitedtime,givingtheinventorexclusiverightstouseandcommercializetheinvention.Copyrightsprotectoriginalworksofauthorship,likebooksandmusic.Trademarksprotectbrandidentifierslikelogosandslogans.Tradesecretsprotectconfidentialbusinessinformation.IPrightsencourageinnovationbyallowingcreatorstobenefitfromtheirwork.However,balancingtheserightswithpublicaccesstoknowledgeremainsachallenge.41.Whatistheprimarypurposeofintellectualpropertylaw?A.TorestrictallcreativeworksB.ToprotectcreationsofthemindC.ToeliminatecompetitionD.Tostandardizeallinventions42.WhichIPrightprotectsinventions?A.CopyrightB.TrademarkC.PatentD.Tradesecret43.Whatdotrademarkstypicallyprotect?A.InventionsB.BusinesssecretsC.BrandidentifiersD.Artisticworks44.HowdoIPrightsencourageinnovation?A.BymakingallcreationspublicdomainB.ByallowingcreatorstobenefitfromtheirworkC.ByimposingheavytaxesoncreatorsD.Byrequiringgovernmentapprovalforallworks45.WhatisachallengementionedinthepassageregardingIPrights?A.LackofinternationalrecognitionB.BalancingrightswithpublicaccessC.ExcessiveprotectionperiodsD.DifficultyinobtainingrightsPassageFourTheprincipleofhabeascorpus(Latinfor“youshallhavethebody”)isafundamentallegalsafeguardagainstunlawfuldetention.Itrequiresthatapersonunderarrestbebroughtbeforeajudgeorcourttodetermineifthedetentionislawful.Thisrightensuresthatindividualsarenotimprisonedarbitrarilyandallowsthemtochallengethelegalityoftheirconfinement.Habeascorpushasdeeprootsincommonlawandisoftenenshrinedinconstitutions.Forexample,theU.S.Constitutionprohibitssuspensionofhabeascorpusexceptincasesofrebellionorinvasion.Despiteitsimportance,governmentshavesometimessuspendedthisrightduringemergencies,raisingconcernsaboutcivilliberties.46.Whatisthemainpurposeofhabeascorpus?A.TopunishcriminalsB.TopreventunlawfuldetentionC.TospeeduptrialsD.Toreplacetrials47.Whatdoeshabeascorpusrequireauthoritiestodo?A.ReleasealldetaineesB.BringadetaineebeforeacourttoassessdetentionlegalityC.ProvidelegalrepresentationimmediatelyD.Suspenddetentionduringemergencies48.Whereishabeascorpusoftenprotected?A.OnlyininternationaltreatiesB.IncorporatepoliciesC.InconstitutionsD.Onlyincriminalcodes49.Accordingtothepassage,whenmighthabeascorpusbesuspendedintheU.S.?A.DuringanyemergencyB.IncasesofrebellionorinvasionC.ForterrorismsuspectsD.Onlybypresidentialorder50.Whatconcernariseswhenhabeascorpusissuspended?A.CourtbacklogsB.IncreasedcrimeratesC.ThreatstocivillibertiesD.HighcostsofdetentionPartIIITranslation(15%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Theruleoflawisaprincipleunderwhichallpersons,institutions,andentitiesareaccountabletolawsthatarepubliclypromulgated,equallyenforced,andindependentlyadjudicated.Itrequiresmeasurestoensureadherencetotheprinciplesofsupremacyoflaw,equalitybeforethelaw,accountabilitytothelaw,fairnessintheapplicationofthelaw,separationofpowers,participationindecision-making,legalcertainty,avoidanceofarbitrariness,andproceduralandlegaltransparency.PartIVWriting(15%)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopic:“TheImportanceofLegalEducationinModernSociety.”Youshouldwriteatleast150words.---Answers:PartIVocabularyandStructure1-5AAAAB6-10BBACB11-15AAAAB16-20BAAAA21-25CABAA26-30AAAAAPartIIReadingComprehension31-35CCBBB36-40BCBBB41-45BCCBB46-50BBCBCPartIIITranslation法治是一项原则，根据该原则，所有个人、机构和实体都对公开颁布、平等执行和独立裁定的法律负责。它要求采取措施确