23年英语四级试题

23年英语四级试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofdevelopingahabitofreading.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thedigitalagehastransformedhowweaccessinformation.WhiletheInternetprovidesinstantanswers,itmayalsobe1)______ourabilitytoengageindeep,focusedreading.Studiessuggestthatthehabitofbrowsingshort,hyperlinkedtextscan2)______ourattentionspansandmakeithardertoconcentrateonlong-formcontentlikebooks.Thisis3)______becausedeepreadingisnotjustaboutacquiringinformation;it'sa4)______processthatbuildscriticalthinking,empathy,andvocabulary.Whenwereadanovel,forexample,we5)______ourselvesinanarrative,followingcomplexcharacterdevelopmentandplots.Thismentalexercise6)______cognitivemusclesthatareessentialforanalysisandreflection.To7)______thebenefitsofdeepreading,itiscrucialto8)______dedicatedtimeforit.Thismightmeansettingasideyourphone,findingaquietspace,and9)______withaphysicalbookorane-readerwithoutdistractions.Cultivatingthishabitisnotarejectionoftechnologybutanecessary10)______toensureourmindsremainsharpandthoughtfulinafast-pacedworld.A)complementB)weakeningC)immerseD)seriousE)fosterF)strengthenG)activeH)deliberateI)particularlyJ)engageK)counterL)preserveM)allocatingN)simplyO)concerningSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Urbangardening,thepracticeofcultivatingplantsincityenvironments,hasseenasignificantriseinpopularityoverthepastdecade.Thistrendisdrivenbymultiplefactors,includingagrowingdesireforlocalandorganicfood,concernsaboutfoodsecurity,andanincreasedawarenessofmentalwell-being.Rooftopgardens,communityplots,andevensmallbalconycontainersallowcitydwellerstoreconnectwithnature.Researchindicatesthaturbangardeningofferssubstantialpsychologicalbenefits.Theactofnurturingplantscanreducestress,alleviatesymptomsofanxietyanddepression,andprovideasenseofaccomplishment.Furthermore,communitygardensfostersocialinteractionandstrengthenneighborhoodbonds,combatingtheisolationoftenfeltinlargemetropolitanareas.Fromanenvironmentalperspective,urbangardenscontributetobiodiversity,helpmitigatetheurbanheatislandeffectbyprovidingvegetationcover,andcanimproveairquality.Theyalsopromotesustainablepracticeslikecompostingandrainwaterharvesting.However,challengesexist.Soilcontaminationincitiesisaseriousconcern,requiringtestingandsometimesreplacement.Limitedspaceandaccesstosunlightcanconstrainwhatcanbegrown.Despitethesehurdles,themovementcontinuestogrow,supportedbylocalgovernmentsandnon-profitorganizationsthatseeitsvalueincreatinghealthier,moreresilient,andconnectedurbancommunities.11.Whatisthemainreasonfortheincreasedpopularityofurbangardeningaccordingtothepassage?A)Governmentmandatesandsubsidies.B)Acombinationofdesiresforhealthyfood,security,andwell-being.C)Thedecliningcostofgardeningsupplies.D)Thefailureoftraditionalruralagriculture.12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapsychologicalbenefitofurbangardening?A)Reducingstress.B)Enhancingcognitivememory.C)Providingasenseofachievement.D)Easingfeelingsofanxiety.13.Howdourbangardenshelpaddressenvironmentalissuesincities?A)Byincreasingrealestatevalues.B)Byreducingnoisepollutionsignificantly.C)Bypromotingbiodiversityandcoolingurbanareas.D)Byreplacingtheneedforpublicparks.14.Whatisamajorchallengefacedbyurbangardeners?A)Lackofinterestfromyoungergenerations.B)Thehighpriceoforganicseeds.C)Potentialsoilpollution.D)Excessiverainfalldamagingplants.15.Whatistheauthor'soverallattitudetowardstheurbangardeningmovement?A)Skepticalandcritical.B)Objectiveandsupportive.C)Indifferentandneutral.D)Dismissiveandpessimistic.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptofa"sharingeconomy"hasrevolutionizedindustriesliketransportationandaccommodation.PlatformssuchasUberandAirbnballowindividualstomonetizetheirunderusedassets—acaroraspareroom.Thismodelispraisedforitsefficiency,flexibility,andpotentialtoprovideextraincome.However,italsoraisessignificantregulatoryandethicalquestions.Criticsarguethatthesharingeconomyoftenbypassestraditionalregulationsdesignedtoensuresafety,fairlaborpractices,andtaxcompliance.Forinstance,ride-sharingdriversmaynothavethesameinsurancecoverageorvehicleinspectionsaslicensedtaxidrivers.Similarly,short-termrentalscanaffectlocalhousingmarkets,potentiallydrivinguprentsanddisplacinglong-termresidentsinpopularneighborhoods.Proponentscounterthattheseplatformsempowerindividuals,offerconsumersmorechoicesandoftenlowerprices,andfosterinnovation.Theyemphasizethepeer-to-peerreviewsystemsthattheoreticallyensureaccountabilityandquality.Thedebateisongoing.Somecitieshaveimplementedstrictregulations,whileothersembracethemodelmorefreely.Thefuturelikelyholdsahybridapproach,wherethebenefitsofthesharingeconomyareintegratedwithnecessaryprotectionsforworkers,consumers,andcommunities.Thecorechallengeisfindingabalancebetweenencouraginginnovationandpreservingpublicwelfare.16.Whatistheprimaryfeatureofthesharingeconomyasdescribedinthepassage?A)Itisprimarilyrunbynon-profitorganizations.B)Itallowspeopletoearnmoneyfromidleresources.C)Itfocusesexclusivelyonluxurygoodsandservices.D)Itreplacesalltraditionalbusinessmodels.17.Whatisamajorconcernraisedbycriticsofthesharingeconomy?A)Itlackstechnologicalinnovation.B)Itoperatesoutsideconventionalsafetyandtaxrules.C)Itprovidestoomanychoicesforconsumers.D)Itisonlyaccessibletowealthyindividuals.18.Howdosupportersofthesharingeconomyjustifyit?A)Byclaimingiteliminatesalltraditionaljobs.B)Bystatingitiscompletelyfreefromanyproblems.C)Byhighlightingitsroleinempoweringindividualsandfosteringinnovation.D)Byarguingitshouldnotbetaxedatall.19.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthecurrentregulatorysituation?A)Allgovernmentshavebannedsharingeconomyplatforms.B)Thereisauniformglobalregulationinplace.C)Differentcitiesareadoptingdifferentregulatoryapproaches.D)Regulationsarenolongerconsiderednecessary.20.Whatisthemainpointofthepassageregardingthefutureofthesharingeconomy?A)Itwillinevitablybereplacedbyanewermodel.B)Abalancemustbestruckbetweeninnovationandregulation.C)Itwilleventuallyberegulatedoutofexistence.D)Itwilloperateentirelywithoutanygovernmentoversight.PassageThreeQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forcenturies,humanshavelookedtobirdsforinspirationinflight.Themodernfieldofbiomimicrytakesthisfurther,studyingnature'sdesignstosolvehumanengineeringchallenges.TheShinkansenbullettraininJapanisafamousexample.Engineersfacedaproblem:whenthetrainexitedtunnelsathighspeed,itcreatedaloudsonicboomduetoairpressurechanges.Seekingasolution,theyturnedtothekingfisher,abirdthatdivesfromairintowaterwithminimalsplash.Thebird'slong,streamlinedbeakallowsittotransitionbetweenmediumssmoothly.Byredesigningthetrain'snosetomimicthekingfisher'sbeak,engineerssignificantlyreducedthetunnelboom,cutdownnoisepollution,andimprovedthetrain'saerodynamics,resultinginhigherspeedsand10-15%lesselectricityconsumption.Thisinnovationdidnotstopthere.Thetrain'spantograph(theapparatusthatcollectscurrentfromoverheadwires)wasalsomodeledonowlfeatherstoreducewindnoise,andthebodydesignincorporatedideasfrompenguinskintomaintainstability.Thiscaseillustratesthatbiomimicryismorethansimpleimitation.Itinvolvesadeepunderstandingoftheprinciplesbehindabiologicalformorfunctionandapplyingthemcreativelytotechnology.Itencouragessustainableinnovationbyshowingthatnature,refinedbymillionsofyearsofevolution,oftenholdselegantandefficientsolutionstocomplexproblems.21.WhatwastheinitialproblemtheShinkansenengineersneededtosolve?A)Thetrainwastooslow.B)Thetrainusedtoomuchfuel.C)Thetraincreatedloudnoisewhenexitingtunnels.D)Thetrain'sdesignwasnotaestheticallypleasing.22.Whichanimal'sfeatureinspiredthesolutiontothetunnelnoiseproblem?A)Owl.B)Penguin.C)Kingfisher.D)Eagle.23.Whatwasanadditionalbenefitofredesigningthetrain'snose?A)Itincreasedpassengercapacity.B)Itreducedelectricityuse.C)Itmadethetrainlighter.D)Itallowedformorewindows.24.Howwasthedesignoftheowlutilizedinthetrain'sdevelopment?A)Toimprovethetrain'svisualappearance.B)Todesignseatsforbettercomfort.C)Toreducenoisefromthecurrentcollector.D)Toenhancethebrakingsystem.25.Whatisthekeymessageaboutbiomimicryconveyedinthepassage?A)Itisaformofcopyingthatrequireslittlecreativity.B)Itisaboutunderstandingandapplyingnaturalprinciplestotechnology.C)Itisonlyusefulfordesigningtransportationvehicles.D)Itisarecentconceptwithnoprovensuccess.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateaparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouranswer.中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的传统艺术，已有数千年的历史。它不仅仅是书写汉字，更是一种表达情感和个性的方式。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度和速度，创造出具有美感和力度的线条。练习书法需要耐心和专注，被认为是一种修身养性的活动。今天，书法不仅被视为一种艺术形式，也作为中国文化的一个重要符号受到全世界的欣赏。PartIVWriting(30minutes)(Note:ThewritingtaskisalreadypresentedatthebeginningasPartI.Thisnoteisforclarity.ThetesttakerwouldproceedfromPartItoPartIVinsequence.)---AnswerKeyPartIWriting(Amodelessayisprovidedforreference.)Developingahabitofreadingisofparamountimportanceinthemodernera.Inaworldsaturatedwithfragmenteddigitalinformation,deepreadingcultivatesfocus,criticalthinking,andempathy.Itallowsustoexplorecomplexideas,understanddiverseperspectives,andbuildarichervocabulary.Unlikepassivescrolling,activereadingengagesthemind,strengtheningcognitivefunctions.Furthermore,settingasidetimeforabookcanbeaformofmentalrelaxation,reducingstress.Bymakingreadingaregularhabit,weinvestinourintellectualgrowthandemotionaldepth,equippingourselvestonavigateanincreasinglycomplexworldwithgreaterwisdomandinsight.PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.B)weakening2.K)counter(Note:"counter"heremeanstoactagainst,toshorten."Foster"wouldmeantheopposite.Thecontextrequiresanegativeeffect.)3.I)particularly4.G)active5.C)immerse6.F)strengthen7.L)preserve8.M)allocating9.J)engage10.A)complementSectionBPassageOne11.B)Acombinationofdesiresforhealthyfood,security,andwell-bein