现在完成时延续性分词和非延续性动词教案与练习

现在完成时之延续性分词和非延续性动词现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。（就是说：有for或since的句子里，一定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词）。例如：borrow借→keep保存,

buy买→have拥有,

begin/start开始→beon上映,die死→bedead死（表状态）,

join参加→bein/bea

memberof-加入；成为……中的一员，come/arrive来/到达→behere/in,come/getback回来→beback,

go/leave走/离开→beaway(from),

marry结婚→bemarried(to),go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等词语是瞬间动词，表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于howlong引导的疑问句中。如不能说：Hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths.(ⅹ)但可以说：Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.或：Ithasbeen2monthssinceheborrowedthebook.或：Twomonthshaspassedsinceheborrowedthebook.※注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。1）（对）TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.2）（错）Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.显然，第二句不对，它应改为Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.难点：比较一般过去时与现在完成时1）一般过去时——表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时——发生在过去，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调影响。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,fromthenon/afterthat（打那以后）；justnow刚才；inthepast（在过去）等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,sofar（到目前为止）,ever（曾经）,never（从未）,just（刚刚）,before（以前）,lately/recently（最近）,already（已经）,yet（还；已经）,uptonow（到目前为止）,inthepastfewyears（在过去的几年里）,thesedays,eversincethen（打那以后）等现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.。一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。e.g．：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续)注意:句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）时,不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight. 【练一练】在现在完成时中，在与_______和________引导的表示一段时间的状语连用时，通常是用相应的__________动词来代替__________.一、将下面的非延续性动词变为相应的延续性动词。borrow→________,

buy→__________,

begin/start→_________,die→___________,

join→________________，come/arrive→_____________,come/getback→_____________,

go/leave→_____________,

marry→_______________,

二、句型转换1)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm________________________for__________________.2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.I__________________apenfor__________________.3)HeleftFuzhoujustnow.He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.4)Hecamebacktwoyearsago.He____________________________for____________________.5）HearrivedBeijingfiveminutesago.He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换与练习①到某地：arriveat/insw.或getto/reachsw.或come/go/movetosw.→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.He_________________________Beijingfor__________________.2)ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.I__________________________theUSAsince_________________.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.I___________________________homefor___________________.4)Theycameherelastweek.They____________________heresince___________________.②返回：come/goback,return→beback出去：come/goout→beoutHecameouttwoyearsago.He____________________________for__________________.2)WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.We_____________________________toFuzhousince__________.③become→be

1)Ibecameateacherin2000.

I__________________ateacherfor__________________.

2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.

Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.④close→beclosed，open→beopen1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop__________________________for__________________.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor____________________________________________forsixhours.⑤getup起床→beup；die死→bedead；leavesw.离开某地→beawayfromsw.；fallasleep/gettosleep睡觉→beasleep；finish/end结束→beover；marry结婚→bemarried1)Igotuptwohoursago.I________________________since________________.2)HeleftFuzhoujustnow.He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.I__________________________since___________________.6)Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.⑥start/begintodosth.开始做→dosth.begin开始→beon上映；演出1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I______________________atthisschoolsince___________.2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm___________________________for___________________.⑦borrow借→keep保存；保管；buy买→havelose丢失→nothave；puton穿上→wear；catch/getacold患感冒→haveacold感冒（状态）；gettoknow了解；认识→knowTheyborroweditlastweek.They__________________itsince____________________.Iboughtapentwohoursago.I__________________apenfor__________________.Igottoknowhimlastyear.I___________________himsince____________________.Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I____________________myglassesfor__________________.⑧have/hasgoneto去了某地→havebeenin呆在某地；一直在某地HehasgonetoBeijing.He______________________Beijingfortwodays.⑨jointheleague入团/theParty入党/thearmy参军→bealeague/aPartymember/asoldier→beamemberoftheleague/theParty→beintheleague/theParty/thearmyHejoinedtheleaguein2002.He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother________________a_________for_______________.Mybrother_________________in_________________fortwoyears.【Homework】一．根据提示完成句子他的爷爷去世三年了。Hisgrandfather________threeyearsago.Hisgrandfatherhas___________________________3years.Hisgrandfatherhas___________________________3yearsago.2你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？Howlonghaveyou_________thebike?3我买这本故事书三年了。I________thisstorybookthreeyearsago.Ihave_________thisstorybook_________threeyearsago.Ihave__________thisstorybook__________threeyears.4.他参军三年了。He________theArmythreeyearsago.Hehas________________theArmy________________________.Hehas________a___________________theArmyfor3years.5.玛丽和约翰结婚有十年了。Mary________toJohntenyearsago.Mary_____________________________toJohnfortenyears.6.我入团2年了。I________________________________twoyearsago.I_____________________a______________________fortwoyears.I_____________________a___________of___________________fortwoyears.I_________________________________the__________fortwoyears.7.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm_______________________for______________.8.Iboughtapentwohoursago.I__________________apenfor__________________.9.HeleftFuzhoujustnow.He__________________