20188英语四级试题

20188英语四级试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofreadingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.TheImportanceofReadingAbilityandHowtoDevelopIt_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Whenwethinkabouttheessentialskillsforacademicandprofessionalsuccess,criticalthinkingoftencomestomind.However,thefoundationuponwhichcriticalthinkingisbuiltisfrequentlyoverlooked:readingcomprehension.Strongreadingskillsarenotmerelyaboutdecodingwords;theyareaboutactively__1__withatext,analyzingarguments,andsynthesizinginformationfrommultiplesources.Intoday'sinformation-saturatedworld,theabilitytoread__2__andevaluatethecredibilityofsourcesismorecrucialthanever.Developingthisvitalskillrequiresconsciouseffort.Firstly,itisimportanttobecomeanactivereader.Thismeansaskingquestionswhileyouread,makingpredictions,and__3__keypoints.Don'tjustpassivelyletyoureyesdriftoverthewords.Secondly,__4__yourvocabularyisfundamental.Themorewordsyouknow,thelessyouwillstrugglewithcomplextexts.Makeahabitoflookingupunfamiliarwordsand__5__themintoyourownspeakingandwriting.Thirdly,practicereadinga__6__ofmaterials—academicjournals,newsarticles,novels,andreports.Eachgenrehasitsownstyleandconventions,andexposuretodifferenttypesofwritingwillmakeyouamore__7__reader.Finally,discusswhatyoureadwithothers.Explaininganauthor'sargumentordebatingatext's__8__withpeerscandeepenyourunderstandingandrevealperspectivesyoumighthavemissed.Likeanyskill,readingcomprehensionimproveswithconsistentpractice.By__9__thesestrategies,youcantransformreadingfromabasictaskintoapowerfultoolforlearningandcriticalanalysis.The__10__areclear:enhancedacademicperformance,betterdecision-making,andamoreinformedworldview.A)implicationsB)engagingC)diverseD)benefitsE)criticallyF)summarizingG)adaptH)expandingI)flexibleJ)varietyK)integratingL)rewardsM)adoptingN)efficientO)passivelySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptofthe"gigeconomy"hasmovedfromthefringestothemainstreamofthegloballabormarket.Characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,itoffersflexibilityandautonomythatmanytraditionalroleslack.PlatformslikeUber,Airbnb,andUpworkhavebecomehouseholdnames,connectingserviceprovidersdirectlywithconsumers.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersindividuals.Workerscanchoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtheywork,allowingforabetterwork-lifebalance.Itprovidesopportunitiesforthosewhomaybeexcludedfromthetraditionaljobmarket,suchasstudents,caregivers,orpeopleinremoteareas.Forbusinesses,itoffersaccesstoavast,on-demandtalentpoolwithouttheoverheadcostsassociatedwithfull-timeemployees.However,criticshighlightsignificantdrawbacks.Thelackofstabilityisaprimaryconcern.Gigworkersoftenfaceunpredictableincome,fluctuatingworkloads,andanabsenceofbenefitslikehealthinsurance,paidleave,orretirementplans.Theveryflexibilitythatistoutedasabenefitcanblurtheboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallife,leadingtoburnout.Furthermore,theclassificationofgigworkersasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployeeshassparkedlegalbattlesworldwide,focusingonissuesofworkers'rights,minimumwage,andsocialprotections.Asthegigeconomycontinuestoexpand,regulators,companies,andworkersthemselvesaregrapplingwithhowtoharnessitsbenefitswhilemitigatingitsrisks.Thefutureofworkmaywellinvolveahybridmodel,blendingthesecurityoftraditionalemploymentwiththeflexibilityofgigwork.11.Whatisadefiningfeatureofthegigeconomy?A)Long-termemploymentcontracts.B)Workperformedinatraditionalofficesetting.C)Short-termcontractsorfreelancework.D)Highjobsecurityandcomprehensivebenefits.12.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanadvantageofthegigeconomy?A)Itallowsforabetterwork-lifebalance.B)Itprovidesaccesstoawiderangeofon-demandtalentforbusinesses.C)Itguaranteesstableincomeandcareerprogression.D)Itcreatesopportunitiesforstudentsandcaregivers.13.Whatisamajorcriticismofthegigeconomyfromtheworkers'perspective?A)Itrequirestoomuchspecializedtraining.B)Itlacksstabilityandbenefitslikehealthinsurance.C)Itisonlyavailableinurbanareas.D)Itforcesworkerstousespecificbrandsoftechnology.14.Thelegalbattlessurroundinggigworkoftenfocuson______.A)intellectualpropertyrightsB)theclassificationofworkersandtheirrightsC)internationaltradeagreementsD)environmentalregulations15.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofwork?A)Thegigeconomywillcompletelyreplacetraditionaljobs.B)Traditionalemploymentwillmakeastrongcomeback.C)Amixoftraditionalsecurityandgigflexibilitymightemerge.D)Regulationswilleliminatethegigeconomyentirely.SectionCDirections:Thereareseveralpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Biomimicry,thepracticeoflearningfromandimitatingnature'sdesignsandprocessestosolvehumanproblems,isanincreasinglyinfluentialfieldinscienceandengineering.Insteadofinventingsolutionsfromscratch,innovatorslooktothenaturalworld,whichhasover3.8billionyearsofresearchanddevelopmentexperience.OnefamousexampleistheinventionofVelcro.SwissengineerGeorgedeMestralwasinspiredbythewayburrs(带芒刺的小果实)clungtohisdog'sfurandhisownclothing.Underamicroscope,heobservedthetinyhooksontheburrsthatlatchedontoloopsinthefabric.Thisobservationledtothecreationofthenow-ubiquitoushook-and-loopfastener.Inarchitecture,termitemoundshaveinspiredenergy-efficientbuildingdesigns.Despiteextremeoutdoortemperaturefluctuations,theinteriorofatermitemoundremainsremarkablyconstant.Architectsstudiedthemounds'structure,whichincludesacomplexsystemofventsandtunnelsthatregulateairflowandtemperature.Applyingtheseprinciples,theydesignedbuildingsthatusenaturalventilationforcooling,drasticallyreducingtheneedforairconditioning.Thepotentialapplicationsarevast.Scientistsarestudyingsharkskin,whichreducesdragandpreventsbacteriafromsettling,tocreatemoreefficientswimsuitsandhospitalsurfacesthatresistinfections.Lotusleaves,whichareself-cleaningduetotheirmicroscopicstructure,inspirewater-repellentanddirt-resistantcoatings.Biomimicryencouragesashiftinperspective:seeingnaturenotjustasasourceofrawmaterials,butasamentor.Itpromotessustainableinnovationbyemphasizingsolutionsthatareefficient,adaptable,andhavestoodthetestoftime.16.Whatisthecoreideaofbiomimicry?A)Protectingnaturalhabitatsfromhumandevelopment.B)Usingnaturalresourcesforindustrialproduction.C)Imitatingnature'sdesignstosolvehumanchallenges.D)Studyingancientspeciesforhistoricalunderstanding.17.HowdidGeorgedeMestralgettheideaforVelcro?A)Bystudyingtheflightofbirds.B)Byobservinghowburrsattachedtofabric.C)Byanalyzingthestructureofspiderwebs.D)Byexperimentingwithdifferentmetalalloys.18.Whyaretermitemoundsofinteresttoarchitects?A)Theirexteriorbeautyisconsideredaestheticallypleasing.B)Theyarebuiltfromstrong,readilyavailablematerials.C)Theirinternalstructuremaintainsastabletemperatureefficiently.D)Theycanbeeasilyreplicatedusingmodernconstructiontechniques.19.Accordingtothepassage,whatqualityofsharkskinisbeingstudiedforpracticaluse?A)Itsabilitytochangecolorforcamouflage.B)Itsroleintheshark'sdigestivesystem.C)Itsdrag-reducingandanti-bacterialproperties.D)Itsexceptionaltoughnessandflexibility.20.Whatbroadershiftinthinkingdoesbiomimicryrepresent?A)Fromsustainabledevelopmenttorapidindustrialization.B)Fromseeingnatureasamentortoseeingitasawarehouse.C)Fromhuman-centereddesigntonature-inspireddesign.D)Fromtheoreticalresearchtopurelycommercialapplications.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术，是中华文化的重要组成部分。它不仅仅是书写文字，更是一种表达情感和个性的方式。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度和速度，创造出具有美感和节奏感的线条。练习书法需要耐心和专注，有助于修身养性。如今，书法不仅被中国人喜爱，也吸引了越来越多世界各地的爱好者。它像一座桥梁，连接着过去与现在，也连接着中国与世界。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIVAnswerSheetWriting:(Sampleanswerforreference)Readingabilityisundeniablycrucialintoday'ssociety.Itservesastheprimarychannelthroughwhichweacquireknowledge,understandcomplexideas,andstayinformedabouttheworld.Strongreadingskillsarefundamentaltoacademicachievement,professionaldevelopment,andpersonalgrowth.Todevelopthisability,severalstrategiescanbeadopted.First,cultivatearegularreadinghabit.Dedicateaspecifictimeeachdaytoreadmaterialsthatinterestyou,whetherbooks,articles,orreports.Second,readactively.Don'tjustskim;askquestions,summarizekeypoints,andreflectontheauthor'sarguments.Third,expandyourvocabularysystematically.Whenencounteringnewwords,lookuptheirmeaningsandtrytousethem.Finally,practicereadingdifferenttypesoftextstoadapttovariouswritingstyles.Byconsistentlyapplyingthesemethods,onecansignificantlyenhancetheirreadingcomprehensionandcriticalthinkingskills.ReadingComprehension:SectionA1.B)engaging2.E)critically3.F)summarizing4.H)expanding5.K)integrating6.J)variety7.I)flexible8.A)implications9.