2017英语四级试题

2017英语四级试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopicTheImportanceofReadingLiteratureintheDigitalAge.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet1.---PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionA(15minutes)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theriseofdigitaltechnologyhasfundamentallyalteredhowweaccessinformationandentertainment.Whilethisbringsundeniable1.______,italsoposeschallengestotraditionalpracticeslikedeepreading.Somearguethatliterature,acornerstoneofhumanculture,isbecoming2.______inaworlddominatedbysnippetsofonlinecontent.However,thisviewunderestimatesthe3.______valueofengagingwithliteraryworks.Readingliteraturerequiressustainedattentionandmental4.______,skillsthatareoftenweakenedbythefast-paced,5.______natureofdigitalmedia.Novels,poems,andplaysdemandthatwefollowcomplexnarratives,understandnuancedcharacters,and6.______symbolicmeanings.Thisprocessisnotpassive;itactivelybuildsempathybyallowingustolive7.______theexperiencesofothers.Furthermore,literatureprovidesaunique8.______intothehumanconditionacrosstimeandcultures,offeringperspectivesthatsocialmediafeedsrarely9.______.Therefore,ratherthanbeingobsolete,thepracticeofreadingliteratureismorecrucialthanever.Itservesasanecessary10.______tothefragmenteddigitallandscape,trainingourmindstofocus,reflect,andconnectonadeeperlevel.A)benefitsB)counterbalanceC)decodeD)distractionE)enduringF)facilitateG)fleetingH)insightI)irrelevantJ)obstacleK)passivelyL)processM)superficiallyN)throughO)vicariouslySectionB(10minutes)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbyfivestatements.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheHiddenWorldofSoil[A]Beneathourfeetliesacomplex,teemingecosystemthatisvitaltolifeonEarthyetoftenoverlooked.Soilisnotmerelydirt;itisaliving,breathingworldcomposedofminerals,organicmatter,air,water,andcountlessorganisms.Asingleteaspoonofhealthysoilcancontainbillionsofbacteria,milesoffungalfilaments,andadiversecommunityofprotozoa,nematodes,andmicro-arthropods.[B]Thisbiodiversityistheengineofsoilhealth.Microorganismslikebacteriaandfungiarenature'sprimarydecomposers,breakingdowndeadplantandanimalmatterintohumus—arich,stableformoforganicmatterthatimprovessoilstructure.Thisprocessreleasesessentialnutrients,suchasnitrogenandphosphorus,informsthatplantscanabsorb.Withoutthisconstantrecycling,nutrientswouldremainlockedaway,andplantgrowthwouldstagnate.[C]Thephysicalstructureofsoil,createdbytheinteractionofitsbiologicalandmineralcomponents,isequallyimportant.Goodsoilstructure,withstableaggregatesandpores,allowsforproperinfiltrationandstorageofwater,facilitatesrootgrowth,andpermitstheexchangeofgaseslikeoxygenandcarbondioxide.Practiceslikeexcessivetillingorheavymachineryusecancompactsoil,destroyingtheseporesandharmingtheorganismsthatcreatethem.[D]SoilalsoplaysacriticalroleinregulatingEarth'sclimate.Itactsasamassivecarbonsink,storingmorecarbonthantheatmosphereandallterrestrialvegetationcombined.Whensoilismanagedpoorly—throughdeforestation,intensiveagriculture,orerosion—thisstoredcarboncanbereleasedintotheatmosphereascarbondioxide,amajorgreenhousegas,therebyacceleratingclimatechange.[E]Despiteitsimportance,soilisafiniteandvulnerableresource.Itcantakeoverathousandyearstoformjustafewcentimetersoftopsoil,yetitcanbeerodedordegradedinamuchshortertime.Sustainablelandmanagementpractices,suchascroprotation,covercropping,andreducedtillage,arecrucialforprotectingthishiddenworld.Bysafeguardingsoilhealth,weultimatelysafeguardourownfoodsecurity,waterquality,andclimatestability.11.Soilcontainsavastnumberoflivingorganismsinaverysmallsample.12.Certainfarmingmethodscandamagethephysicalqualityofsoil.13.Soilstoresasignificantamountofcarbon,whichimpactstheclimate.14.Microorganismstransformdeadmaterialintonutrientsusableforplants.15.Protectingsoilrequireslong-termsustainableagriculturalstrategies.SectionC(20minutes)Directions:Thereisonepassageinthissection.Thepassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptof"helicopterparenting"referstoastyleofchild-rearingwhereparentsareoverlyfocusedontheirchildren,hoveringoverthemandinterveningexcessivelyintheirlives.Thisterm,oftenusedcritically,emergedintheearly2000s.Whilestemmingfromaplaceofconcernandlove,researchsuggeststhisparentingapproachcanhaveunintendednegativeconsequencesonachild'sdevelopmentastheytransitionintoadulthood.Aprimaryconcernisthehindranceofself-efficacy—thebeliefinone'sownabilitytohandlechallenges.Whenparentsconstantlysolveproblems,negotiateconflicts,ormakedecisionsfortheirchildren,thechildrenaredeprivedofopportunitiestopracticetheseskillsthemselves.Consequently,theymayentercollegeortheworkforcelackingtheconfidenceandcompetencetonavigateobstaclesindependently.Studieshavelinkedhelicopterparentingtohigherlevelsofanxiety,depression,andadecreasedsenseoflifesatisfactionamongyoungadults.Furthermore,thisparentingstylecanimpedethedevelopmentofresilience.Resilienceisbuiltthroughexperiencingsetbacks,learningfromfailures,anddevelopingcopingstrategies.Byshieldingchildrenfromeverypotentialdisappointmentorfailure,parentsmayinadvertentlypreventthemfromacquiringtheemotionalandpsychologicaltoolsneededtorecoverfromadversity.Thiscanleadtoaphenomenonknownas"failuredeprivation,"whereyoungadultsbecomeextremelyrisk-averseandfragileinthefaceofminorsetbacks.Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweenappropriateparentalinvolvementandover-involvement.Support,guidance,andsettingboundariesareessentialcomponentsofhealthyparenting.Thekeydifferenceliesinallowingage-appropriateautonomyandthefreedomtomakemistakes.Expertssuggestthatparentsshouldactmorelike"coaches"or"consultants,"providingasafetynetwhilegraduallysteppingbacktoletchildrentaketheleadintheirownlives.Thisbalancefostersindependence,criticalthinking,andtheresiliencerequiredforlong-termwell-being.16.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Thehistoricaloriginsofdifferentparentingstyles.B)Thedefinitionandpotentialdrawbacksofhelicopterparenting.C)Acomparisonbetweenhelicopterparentingandcoaching-styleparenting.D)Strategiesforparentstobecomemoreinvolvedintheirchildren'seducation.17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisalikelyresultofhelicopterparenting?A)Childrenbecomemorecooperativewiththeirpeers.B)Childrendevelopstrongerproblem-solvingskillsearlyon.C)Youngadultsmayexperiencemoreanxietyandlesslifesatisfaction.D)Youngadultsshowgreaterindependenceincareerchoices.18.Whatdoestheterm"failuredeprivation"refertointhecontextofthepassage?A)Thelackofacademicchallengesinmoderneducationsystems.B)Thepreventionofchildrenfromexperiencingandlearningfromfailures.C)Thehighrateofsuccessamongchildrenofover-involvedparents.D)Thedeprivationofparentalcareduetoworkcommitments.19.Whatisthesuggestedroleforparentsaccordingtoexpertsmentionedinthepassage?A)Toactasconstantsupervisorsanddecision-makers.B)Toshieldchildrenfromallpotentialrisksanddisappointments.C)Toactascoacheswhoprovidesupportwhileencouragingautonomy.D)Tominimizeinvolvementoncechildrenreachschoolage.20.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'stoneindiscussinghelicopterparenting?A)Stronglyadvocatingforitswidespreadadoption.B)Satiricalandmocking.C)Objectiveandanalytical,highlightingconcerns.D)Emotionallysympathetictowardssuchparents.---PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet3.中国书法(calligraphy)是一门古老的汉字书写艺术。它不仅是沟通的工具，更被视为一种高雅的艺术形式。书法家通过毛笔、墨、纸和砚台(inkstone)来创作，每一笔都体现了艺术家的情感和功力。练习书法需要极大的耐心和专注，它有助于修身养性(cultivateone'scharacterandmind)。如今，尽管人们更多地使用电子设备进行书写，但书法仍然深受许多人喜爱，被视为中国文化遗产的重要组成部分。---AnswerSheetPartIWriting(SampleEssayforReference)Inthedigitalagecharacterizedbyfragmentedinformationandinstantgratification,theimportanceofreadingliteraturecannotbeoverstated.Whiledigitalplatformsprovideefficiency,literatureoffersdepthandcontinuitythatareessentialforcognitiveandemotionaldevelopment.Engagingwithliteraryworksdemandssustainedconcentration,askilloftenerodedbytheconstantdistractionsofscreens.Thisdeepreadingstrengthensourattentionspanandcriticalthinking.Moreimportantly,literatureisagatewaytoempathy.Byimmersingourselvesinstoriesandperspectivesdifferentfromourown,welearntounderstandcomplexhumanemotionsandmotivations,fosteringcompassioninanincreasinglydisconnectedworld.Furthermore,literaturepreservesculturalheritageandphilosophicalinsights,connectinguswithpastwisdom.Therefore,farfrombeingobsolete,readingliteratureisavitalpractice.Itprovidesanecessarybalance,trainingourmindstoreflectdeeplyandconnectmeaningfullyinashallowdigitalsea.Par