2023届上海市上海中学高三模拟卷练习二英语试卷含答案

高考英语上海卷

模拟试卷（二）

考生注意：

1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

第I卷（共90分）

I.ListeningComprehension（25分）

SectionA（每题1分，共10分）

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

II.GrammarandVocabulary(每题1分,共20分)

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,usedonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Animplantthatcancoolnervestoblockpainsignalshasbeenunveiledbyresearcherswhosaythedevicecouldofferanalternativetodrugssuchasopioids(类鸦片活性肽).

Theteambehindthedevicesayitcouldbringbenefitsformanagementofacutepainsuchas(21)_______experiencedafteramputations(截肢)ornervegrafts.

"Weareoptimisticthatthisrepresentsaverypromisingstartingpointforanengineeringapproach(22)_______treatingpain,”saidProfJohnRogersofNorthwesternUniversityintheUS,aco-authoroftheresearch.

Buthecautionedthatitmightbesometime(23)_______theywereavailabletopatients."Aswithanyimplantabledevice,theregulatoryprocesscanbeslow,typically(24)_______(involve)muchmoreextensiveanimalmodelstudiesoveraperiodofyears,"hesaid.

WritinginthejournalScience,theteamreportthatthedevicetoblockpainsignals,which(25)_______(test)onlyonratssofar,involvesapump,externalcontrolsystemandanimplantmadefromasoft,rubberysubstance.Thelatterformsasealedcollectionoftinychannelswhichformatwistingpathinthepartoftheimplantthatsitsaroundthetargetnervelikeacuff.

Whenliquidcoolantanddrynitrogenflowthroughtheimplant,theliquidcausesadropintemperature.Anelectronicsensorinthedeviceallowsthetemperatureatthenerve(26)_______(keep)constant.

"Allbodyprocessesarebasedonmetabolicchemicalreactions,motionsofionsandflowsoffluids--all(27)_______slowdownasaresultofcooling,”saidRogers.“Theneteffectwhencoolingisappliedtoanerveisinblockingofelectricalsignals."

Amongtheirexperiments,theteamtrackedtworatswithaninjury,recordingoverathree-weekperiodtheminimumforcethat(28)_______beappliedtothehindpawtocausetheanimaltoretract(缩回)it.Thisdatawasthencomparedagainstthreeratswhoweresimilarlyinjuredbutalsohadtheimplant.Theresultssuggestboutsofcoolingoftheinjurednervefrom37℃to10℃ledto(29)_______(severe)pain,withasevenfoldincreaseintheforcethatcouldbeappliedtothepaw.

Theteamsaytheimplant’sbenefitsinclude(30)_______,incontrasttoopioids,itisnotaddictive.Astheimplantismadewithwater-solubleandbiocompatiblematerials,itcanbreakdowninthebodyafteruse.Theimplantcouldbeinsertedasanextensionofthepatient’sinitialsurgery.

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthe-wordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.

A.attachedB.bottle-fedC.confusionD.invisibleE.originallyF.orphanedG.partneringH.procedureI.reproducedJ.subjectsK.unintentionally

SavingBabyBears

Reactingtotheauditoryassaultofbarkingdogs,shoutsandrifleblasts,a168-poundAmericanblackbearshotoutandhightailed(迅速逃走)itintothewoodsoffaloggingroad.

Hissister,weighinginat135pounds,tookalittlemoretimetoovercomeherfearand(31)_______beforeshe,too,ranforthetreesandawayfromthehumanswhohaddrivenmorethan100milestowitnessthebears’returntothewild.

Thecubswerethe106thand107th(32)_______orinjuredbearstoberaisedortreatedattheProgressiveAnimalWelfareSociety(PAWS)WildlifeCenterinWashingtonstate,thenreleasedmonthslaterinthesamegeneralareawheretheywere(33)_______found.FittedwithGPScollarsandtattooedwithidentificationnumbersontheirgums,thebearsarealsoamongthelatest(34)_______ofalong-termresearchstudybeingconductedbyRichBeausoleilandLindsayWelfelt,bothbiologistsandbearandcougarspecialists.

Thesiblingswereonlytwoweeksoldwhenaforestworkerandhisdog(35)_______disturbedtheirdeninFebruary2020,scaringawaytheirmother.Sheneverreturned.

TheworkercontactedtheWDFW,anagency(36)_______withPAWStorehabilitatesick,injuredwildanimalsbeforereleasingthembackintotheirnaturalhabitats.

"Theireyesandearsweren'topen,andtheirteethhadn'tevenerupted,JenniferConvy,PAWSseniordirectorofwildlife,saidofthecubs,whicheachweighedlessthan2poundswhentheyarrivedandweretheyoungestevertoberaisedatthecenter.

Though(37)_______atfirst,thecubsweren'tcuddled.Instead,theircaregiversworebear-scentedbearsuitsduringfeedingsoncethecubs'eyeshadopened.AtPAWS,thestaffandvolunteerstakepainstobe(38)_______toalltheanimalsintheircare.

"Theydon'tseeus,ever.Wedon'ttalktothem.Wedon'tnametheanimalsbecausewedon'twantourstafforvolunteerstoget(39)_______，“Convysaid.Aftermorethanayear,thebearsiblingswerereleased.

ThewildlifebiologistsarestudyinghowthebearsraisedatPAWSfareaftertheirrelease,comparedtotheirwild-rearedbrethren.Onecubreleasedin2017hadherfirstlitterofcubsinJanuary.

"We'vebeentoherdenseveraltimes."Beausoleilsaid."She(40)_______andhadcubsofherown...Thiswaskindofaturningpointforus."

Afterall,thewholepointofPAWS'rehabilitation"istoprotectandperpetuate(使持续)thespecies,"hesaid.

III.ReadingComprehension(45分)

SectionA(每题1分，共15分)

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

TheOtherdaVinciCode

Forcenturies,twoofthemostintriguingquestionsaboutLeonardodaVinci's"MonaLisa"were"Who"and"When”A(n)(41)_______madeatHeidelbergUniversityin2005prettymuchansweredboth.Anotewritteninamanuscriptinthelibrary(42)_______theaccountofdaVinci'sfirstbiographer,GiorgioVasari:thatthesitterwasamerchanfswife,LisaGherardini.Thenotealsohelpeddatethemasterpiecetobetween1503and1506.

A(n)(43)_______mystery-"Where"-isstillindispute.ButonJune3rdaFrenchengineer,PascalCotte,declaredthatheandacollaboratorhad(44)_______thelandscapeinthebackgroundofthepainting.Argumentshad(45)_______beenmadeforstretchesofcountrysideintheMarcheregionandbetweenMilanandGenoa.DuringapresentationinVinci,nearFlorence,MrCottemaintainedthattheartistwasmoreplausiblydepictingapartofhisnativeTuscany一onethatkeenlyinterestedhimatthetime.Accordingtothistheory,daVincirepresentedtheareanotasitwas,butas,inanunrealisedscheme,he(46)_______ittobe.

MrCotte,whowasaskedbytheLouvre(wherethe"MonaLisa"hangs)tocreateadigitalimageofthepainting,istheinventorofthemultispectralcamera:adevicethatcandetectnotonlythedrawingbelowthe(47)_______ofanoilpainting,butalso,wheretheyexist,intermediatelayersofwork.Itwasamongthese,underwhatappearstobeapointedrock,thathefounda(n)(48)_______sketchshowingthatdaVincimeantittorepresentacastellatedtower.

Thelandscapeofthe"MonaLisa"alsoincludesahugeoverhangingcliff.Thatis(49)_______toonethatdaVinciincludedinasketchofafortress(堡垒)contestedbyPisaandFlorenceinthewarthatflaredbetweenthemin1503(aroundthetimehewaspaintingGherardini).The(50)_______withthenearbycliff——andatower,knownastheCapronatower一alloverlooktheriverAmoasitsnakesfromFlorencetoPisa.AllthreealsofeatureindrawingsmadebydaVincitoillustrateaplanaboutwhich,saysMrCotte,hebecame“(51)_______”.

ThisinvolveddivertingtheAmoto(52)_______Pisa'swatersupplyandgiveFlorenceanoutlettotheMediterranean.Intheearly1500s,withthetwocitystatesatwar,theideawasunderactiveconsideration.MrCottearguesthata(n)(53)_______windingthroughdesolatecountrysideattherightofthe"MonaLisa"istoowidetobearoad,assomehavespeculated,andis(54)_______thedriedupbedoftheAmoasdaVincienvisaged(设想)itoncehisplanhadbeenadopted.

Itneverwas.ButifMrCotte'stheoryisright,itmightjustexplainwhyGherardini,aFlorentine,exhibitssuchacontented,ifmysterious,(55)_______。

41.A.experimentB.accountC.sketchD.discovery

42.A.challengedB.confirmedC.publicizedD.summarised

43.A.inclusiveB.geologicalC.thirdD.initial

44.A.identifiedB.appreciatedC.theorisedD.illustrated

45.A.consequentlyB.eventuallyC.intentionallyD.previously

46.A.intendedB.recognisedC.deniedD.suspected

47.A.portraitB.canvasC.surfaceD.theme

48.A.damagedB.preparatoryC.valuableD.digital

49.A.similarB.accessibleC.contraryD.restricted

50.A.modelB.fortressC.citiesD.masterpiece

51.A.informativeB.concernedC.obsessiveD.skillful

52.A.makeupforB.maintainC.clearupD.cutoff

53.A.outletB.channelC.currentD.landscape

54.A.insteadB.meanwhileC.inturnD.aboveall

55.A.costumeB.moodC.appealD.smile

SectionB(每题2分，共22分)

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

At67,JoyceFaulknerthoughtshewaslookingforaholiday.Herhusband,Jim,hadrecentlydiedandexploringpossiblehouseswaps(交换)ontheHomeExchangewebsitefeltsoothing.Intheend,itwasnotavacationFaulknerfoundbutajob.SheleftherhomeinSouthQueensferrytobecomemother'shelptoseven-year-oldtwinsinthenorthernItaliantownofVarese.Nowsheisknownas"LaJoyce".

"Really,whenIthinkofit,it'shalfwaycrazy,"shesays.Ahouseswapshewasinterestedindidn'tworkout,buttheowner,Rachele,asked:"Doyouknowanyonewhomighthelpmewiththechildren”,Faulknerwrotebackandsaid,"Icoulddothat!"

Twomonthslater,FaulknerwasonherwaytoBergamoairport.WhenshereachedthesquareinVarese,"thedad,Andrea,waswalkingtowardsmewiththechildrenhidingbehindhislegs,kindofshy,thinking:"Whoisthiswomaninalongblackcoat'Idon'tthinkitwasquiteMaryPoppins,buttheatmospherewasimmediatelywarmandfriendly.

Eighteenmonthson,Faulkner'sjobnolongerfeelslikeajob."Ijustfeellikepartofthefamily.”Theyjoke:"Youthinkyou’regoingbacktoScotlandNo,you'restayinghere!"ShegivesEnglishlessons,helpswiththehousework,meetsthechildrenfromschoolandplayschesswiththem.“Itneverfeelslikework.”shesays."Ithasbeenabsolutelytheperfectmatch.”

EventhesightoftruckstakingbodiesawayfromthehospitalinBergamoduringtheearlystageofthepandemicdidn'tputheroff."Youhavetotaketheopportunitywhenitpresentsitself."

FaulknersaysshelearnedthisphilosophyfromJim.Whentheymetatateachers’conference,theyhadeachpreviouslybeenmarried.

"IfellinlovewithJimtheminuteIsawFaulknersays."ButIwasabithesitant.Hesaid:'SupposingweonlygetsixmonthsoutofthisrelationshipThat'ssixmonthsworthhaving.’Ithought:'Whatagreatattitudetolife.Weweretogetherfrom1983to2019."

Thirty-sixyears,then.

Inafunnyway,itwasJimwholedFaulknertoItaly,becauseafterhedied,shearrangedfiveholidaysonHomeExchange.MostlythesewereplacesshehadbeenwithJim."IthinkIwasplanninginmyhead,withoutconsciouslydoingit,akindoffarewelltour,"shesays.

FaulknerisnotreadytoleaveItaly.Shesays,"I'llbe70inJanuary.Thatlookslikeabignumberwhenyouwriteitdown,butinmyhead,Tm30.Youthink:"ReallySeventyHowcanthatbe'Istillfeelthesameperson,Ihavethesameenthusiasmforlife,thesameinterestinpeopleandthings.Inthatsense,IwishIhadanother70."

56.FaulknerwenttotheItaliantownofVareseinorderto________.

A.workasababysitterforafamily

B.exploretheHomeExchangewebsite

C.enjoyaholidayinmemoryofJim

D.becomethestepmotherofthetwins

57.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutFaulkner'sstayinItaly

A.Themysteriousmotherinblackalertedher.

B.Thetragicsightofthepandemicscaredher.

C.Shedidn'texpectsomanychoresinitially.

D.Sheintegratedintothefamilyharmoniously.

58.HowdidJim'sphilosophyaffectFaulkner

A.Shewaspersuadedtothinktwicebeforetheirmarriage.

B.Graspachancewheneveritemergesdespiteuncertainty.

C.Thereisnoneedtofeardeathasitistemporaryfarewell.

D.Commitmentwithoutbearinganyfruitisawasteoftime.

59.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout

A.Seekingnewhomeabroad.B.Recoveryfromsorrow.

C.Anewstartafter67.DFarewelltoJim

（B）

BioLiteCampStoveIlluminated

ThemainobjectiveoftheBioLiteCampStoveandupdatedCampStove2istobumfuelmoreefficiently.Mostsmallcampfirescan'tdrawinenoughairtocompletelycombusttheirfuel.Thisiswhytheyproducesmoke一tinyparticlesofcarbonthatarecarriedoffbytherisinghotairbeforetheycanbeburned.Somewoodburningstovesusecleverconvection（对流）trickstopullmoreair,buttheystillsmokewhilethestovewarmsup.TheBioLitehasanelectricallypoweredfanthatdrivesairintothebottomofthecombustionchamber,whichensureshottertemperatures,lessfueluseandacleanercookingenvironment.Theelectricitycomesfromadevicecalledathermoelectricgenerator.Thisusesthetemperaturedifferencebetweentwosidesofaspecialsiliconwafer（硅片）togenerateanelectricalcharge.Oncethefanisspinningfastenough,anyexcesselectricitygeneratedisdivertedtoaUSBportfbrexternalcharging.

60.Theunderlinedword"combust"isclosestinmeaningto.

A.compensateB.oxidizeC.ventilateD.bum

61.WhatistheprobablefunctionofBioLiteCampStove

A.Campsiteilluminationorfanningtocooldown.

B.Chargingyourphonewhileboilingthekettle.

C.Convertingelectricityintoheattokeepwarm.

D.Cookingcleanlybyrecycledelectricalpower..

62.Whatarethefourlabelsthatbestmatchthefournumbersfrom①to④？

A.①Heatpipe—>②Combustionchamber—>③Thermoelectricgenerator—>④Powerregulator

B.①Thermoelectricgenerator—>②Ventilationhood—>③Electricalgenerator—>④USBport

C.①Heatgenerator—>②Smokefilter—>③Thermalenergycollector—>④Fanengine

D.①Ventilationpipe—>②Heatproofshield—>③Combustionchamber—>④Heatregulator

(C)

Theword"brainstorming"depictsavisionofhell.Itissomeonesaying,"Fireupthebrainwavesbarbecue.,,Itistryingdesperatelytoworkoutwhereeveryoneelse'scursors(光标)havegoneonadigitalwhiteboard.Yetbrainstormingpersists,andfordecentreasons.Gettingagroupofpeopletogetherisanopportunitytoexploitdifferentviewpoints.Sowhyisbrainstormingoftensopainful

Theproblemisthatbrainstormingmuststrikeabalancebetweenaseriesofcompetingimperatives(必要的事).Onetensionisbetweencreativityandfeasibility.Abrainstormismeanttobefreeing,achancetoaskout-of-the-boxquestions.Butitisalsomeanttoproducesuggestionsthatcanactuallybetranslatedintoreality,whichcallsforamorepragmaticstyleofthinking.

Asecondtensionisbetweenmanagersandnonmanagers.Byitsnaturebrainstormingisinsiderish.Someonehastoarrangethesession,andthatpersonisoftenthemanagerofateam.Ifdecision-makersarenotintheroom,thenthesuspicionwillgrowthattimeisbeingwasted.Iftheyare,thenhierarchies(等级制度)easilyassertthemselves:goodideascanwitherwithafrownfromtheboss,andbadonescansurvivewithanod.

Arelatedissueconcernsthepresenceofoutsiders.Thereisanaturaltemptationtokeepdrawingonthesameseniorpeoplewithinanorganisationtogenerateideas:thesearetheoneswhogetthingsdone,whounderstandacompany'sstrategy.Yetresearchsuggestthatoutsidersbringafreshperspective.Thatmightbepeoplefromrelatedindustries.Butitmightalsobemiddlemanagersorfrontlineemployeeswhohavedirectcontactwithcustomers.

Athirdbalancetostrikeisbetweendifferentpersonalitiesanddifferentstylesofthinking.AnewpaperfromresearchersatStanfordGraduateSchoolofBusinessfindsthatbrainstormingonZoomcomesatacosttocreativity:aspeople'svisualfocusnarrowsonthescreeninfrontofthem,theircognitiverangealsoseemstobecomemorelimited.Butifin-persongatheringsarebetter,theyalsodonotworkequallywellforeveryone.Somepersonalitiesareimmediatelycomfortablesayingwhattheythink;othersneedtobepersuadedtosharetheiropinions.

Theseareknownproblems,andthereareplentyofideasouttheretosolvethem."Figure-storming,"isawayforpeopletocombatgroup-thinkbypretendingtobeafamousperson.Somesimplerrulesaremuchmorelikelytohelp.Definetheparameters(范围)ofabrainstormingsessionupfront.TrytomakeaspecificthingworkbetterratherthantoshootfortheMoon.Involvepeopleyoudon'tknow,aswellasthoseyoudo.Startbygettingpeopletowritetheirideasdowninsilence,soextrovertsandbosseshavelesschancetodominate.Andbeclearaboutthenextstepsafterthesessionisover;theattractionofholdinga"designsprint",aweeklong,clear-the-diarywayforateamtodevelopandtestproductprototypes,isthatthethreadconnectingideastooutcomesistaut(紧凑的).Allofthemwouldmakebrainstormingalittlemorethought-provokingandlessheart-sinking.

63.Bysaying"Theword"brainstorming"depictsavisionofhell’,theauthorprobablymeans_______.

A.thebrainwavesbarbecuecanbemisleading

B.ifshardtofigureoutothers’perspective

C.brainstormingtriggershatredamongpeople

D.bossesexploitstaff'sbrainpowermercilessly

64."_______"qualifiesasanout-oi-the-boxquestion.

A.WhatareyoutalkingaboutWeworkatasaladchain.

B.Isthereanypointininvitingoutsiderstobrainstorming

C.HowwouldtheBritishqueenimproveoncloudcomputing

D.Wouldn'titbegreatifpeoplehadprosthetic(假体的)tailswhendiving

65.WhatcanbeinferredfromthestudybyStanfordGraduateSchoolofBusiness

A.Onlineconferencesholdtheparticipants’attentionbetterthanin-persongatherings.

B.People'scognitiverangeseemstolimittheirvisualfocustothescreenatonlinemeetings.

C.Fruitfulbrainstorminginvolvestakingdifferentpersonalitiesandthinkingmodesintoaccount.

D.In-persongatheringsliberatebrainstormingparticipants’creativitydespitevariouspersonalities.

66.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout

A.Varioussolutionstotheproblemswithbrainstorming.

B.How"figure-storming''contributestobrainstorming.

C.Reasonswhybrainstormingsessionsarepainful.

D.Thought-provokingversusheart-sinking.

SectionC（每题2分，共8分）

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Timetostartbuildinganewapproach.B.Theproblemcanbedividedintothreeparts.C.Demandforlargerhomestoaccommodateremoteworkingwillincreaseresidentialenergyuse.D.What'smore,landlordsandhomeowners,andtheconstructionindustry,havearottenrecordonclimatechange.E.Residentialhousingismoredifficult,becausemanyhomeownersmayhavelesssparecashandmovehousesrarely.F.InBritain,forexample,untilearlierthisyearmostnewbuildingswereexemptfromvalueaddedtax,butspendingonrenovationsandrepairswasnot.

ConstructiveImprovements

Buildingshaveadirtysecret:theyareamongtheplanet’sworstclimateoffenders.Heating,coolingandpoweringexistingoffices,homesandfactoriesaccountsfor27%ofglobalenergy-relatedcarbon-dioxideemissions.Constructingnewonesinvolvesmountainsofsteelcement,andcombinedwithdemolition(拆除)accountsforanother10%oftheglobalCO2emittedeachyear.BuildingdebrisgeneratesathirdoftheEuropeanUnion'sannualwastebyweight.

（67）_______Onlyatinyfractionofpropertiesarecarbonneutral,andonthecurrenttrajectory（轨迹）itwilltakenearlyacenturytodecarbonisetherest.Astheworldurbanises,adirtybuildingboomislikelytoemerge:byoneestimate,citieswillneedtoadd13,000buildingseverydayuntil2050,justtokeepupwithglobalpopulationgrowth.

Whatcanbedone（68）_______Thefirstgoalistoincentiviseownerstomakeexistingpropertiesmoreenergy-efficient.Inthelongrun,aselectricitygenerationshiftstowardsrenewables,theemissionsarisingfromdailypowerusewillfall.Butretrofitting(翻新)officesandhomeswithcleverercontrolsystemsandheatpumpsratherthanfossil-fuelboilerscanhaveanimmediateimpact.Inbigcities,buildingcodesandcitywidenetcarbontargetscanurgecommerciallandlordstoupgradebuildings.

Thesecondgoalistofacilitatemorerationaldecisionsaboutwhentoretrofitbuildingsandwhentodemolishthemandrebuild,whichgenerateswasteandpollutionbutinsomecasescanreduceemissionsoverall.Regulationsandtaxcodesareoftenskewed（曲解）randomlyandcanbereformed.（69）_______

Thefinalgoalshouldbetoensurethattheconstructionofnewbuildingsthatdoestakeplaceisfarcleanerthanithasbeeninthepast.Greenbuildingcodesareapowerfultool;inthelongrun,highercarbontaxeswouldalsoforcetheentireconstructionandbuilding-materialssupplychaintocleanupitsact.

Thegoodnewsisthatthereishugeroomforimprovement:newindustrialprocessescanreducetheemissionsfromcementandsteel.Betterconstructionmethods,includingprefabricatedhouses,aremoreenergy-andcarbon-efficientbutrarelyused.Theconstructionindustryhasanawfulrecordonproductivitygrowth一asignthattherehasnotbeenenoughfreshthinking.（70）_______.

第II卷(共50分)

IV.SummaryWriting(10分)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

71.

DinoKillerStruckinSpring

AteamofEuropeanscientistshaveworkedoutthetimeofyearwhenahugeasteroidstruckEarth66millionyearsago,andsayitcouldhelpexplainwhytheimpactdestroyedsomanylivingthings.Theasteroid,whichhitMexico'sYucatanPeninsula,wasthefinalblowintheextinctionofthedinosaursthathadruledEarthfor170millionyears.Itleftbirdsastheonlysurvivingdinosaurrelativesandclearedthewayfortheexpansionofmammals(warm-bloodedusuallyfurryanimalsthatmakemilkfortheiryoung).

Untilnow,expertshavestruggledtoexplainjustwhysomespeciessurvivedandothersdidn't.Thenewresearchoffersimportantclues.Itsuggeststheasteroidstruckinspringforthenorthernhalfoftheworld一atimewhenmanyanimalswereemergingfromthewarmandcomfortablewinterburrows(洞穴)thatmightotherwisehaveprotectedthem.

TheevidencethatplacestheasteroidimpactinspringcomesfromaremarkablesitecalledTanis,intheUSstateofNorthDakota.Herescientistshavefoundthefossils(preservedremainsturnedintorockyminerals)fromfishthatdiedastheirgillswerechokedwithdebrisfallingfromtheimpactitself.AteamledbyMarianneDuringofUppsalaUniversityinSwedenrealisedthatthefishgrewtheirbonesmoreatsometimesofyearthanothers.Bylookingatthestateofthefossilisedbonestheteamcouldworkouttheseasonwhenthefishhaddied.

Theimpactcausedanenormousblastofheatandfiresthatprobablykilledmostlargeanimalsimmediately.Smallanimalslivingclosertotheimpactsite,andthosethatwerewakingupinspring,wouldalsohavediedalmostinstantly.Then,asdustfromtheexplosionspreadthroughtheairandblockedouttheSun'sheatandlight,thewholeplanetwasplungedintoalongperiodofcoldanddarkness.Thiskilledplantsandledbothplant-eatingandmeateatinganimalstodieoff一about76%ofallspecies.Ifsmallersouthern-hemisphereanimalswerealreadyintheirwintershelterswhentheasteroidstruck,thosethatcouldfindfoodwhentheyemergedmonthslatermighthavespreadacrosstherecoveringplanet.

V.Translation（3+3+4+5,共15分）

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

72.这些新潮倡导者怎么能够用吃少量水果来代替均衡饮食呢？（amount）

73.要知道，如今许多孤寡老人真正需要的是爱心陪伴，而不是金钱。（not...but...）

74.为了缓解交通压力，交通部该采取立竿见影的措施，比如限制车辆的数量。（soasto）

75.良药苦口，忠言逆耳，因此我们应该耐心地听取不同的意见，甚至那些反对的意见。（sound）

VI.GuidedWriting（25分）

Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.

76.

高三的你即将迈入大学，面临着两种住宿方式的选择：月均500元的学校宿舍或月租3000元的校外公寓。请选择其一，并结合自身情况说明理由。

II.Grammarandvocabulary

SectionA

21.that.22.to23.before24.