数字图像分析和应用专题培训课件

数字图像分析和应用2026/4/22网络多媒体小组2内容提要2026/4/222数字图像概念数字图像分析原理步骤数字图像分析应用实例2026/4/22网络多媒体小组3数字图像概念2026/4/223数字图像：将模拟图象通过采样离散化得到数字图像，便于计算机处理。2026/4/22网络多媒体小组4介绍常见词像素RGB灰色图像彩色图像2026/4/22网络多媒体小组5像素像素：组成数字图像的元素。每一个像素的坐标对应特定的图像网格位置。像素的数值反映图像中对应位置的亮度。像素2026/4/22网络多媒体小组6RGB颜色空间之一--RGB蓝青品红红黑白绿黄归一化的RGB颜色立方图2026/4/22网络多媒体小组7灰度图像（单色图像）每个像素的亮度用一个数值来表示，通常数值范围在0到255之间（一个字节），0表示黑、255表示白，而其它表示灰度。255200100500125,153,158,157,127,0,103,120,129,144,144,150,150,147,150,160,165,160,164,16,67,175,175,166,133,133,154,158,100,116,120,97,74,54,4,118,146,148,150,145,157,164,157,158,162,165,171,155,115,88,155,163,95,112,123,101,137,108,81,71,63,137,142,146,152,159,161,159,154,138,81,78,84,114,167,69,85,59,65,43,85,34,69,78,104,101,117,132,134,149,160,165,158,143,114,99,57,45,51,57,54,46,38,44,38,36,44,36,25,48,115,113,114,124,135,152,168,169,156,75,43,39,41,38,42,41,58,30,44,35,28,69,144,147,57,60,93,106,119,124,131,144,175,177,63,30,30,124,139,65,31,39,

61,35,75,51,66,58,167,177,153,58,80,95,108,120,133,155,182,137,84,74,54,61,149,96,36,29,115,71,84,105,6,136,172,175,128,126,114,106,109,115,127,169,187,105,102,5,117,120,131,148,144,113,112,109,115,128,162,193,143,132,124,110,131,97,53,66,129,123,128,114,108,115,102,121,129,125,113,112,111,111,127,162,192,150,129,117,112,107,64,67,73,131,125,112,105,95,88,33,139,132,127,128,134,136,144,140,141,113,120,114,115,122,154,188,159,143,6,138,143,145,138,143,143,141,144,129,118,119,115,112,120,152,186,165,150,139,128,117,109,104,93,140,146,147,145,150,154,147,149,143,132,127,124,117,112,117,142,184,171,144,139,129,119,114,112,100135,143,145,151,150,143,146,142,139,131,131,127,119,115,114,140,190,177,141,135,133,121,120,115,102128,137,141,149,150,148,143,141,136,128,120,122,116,109,116,136,182,182,140,135,130,124,116,109,100131,132,141,143,148,147,143,140,134,125,116,117,108,109,120,130,171,185,133,132,127,120,117,110,36,131,139,136,140,141,140,136,132,121,114,117,109,106,112,130,163,192,130,126,131,132,132,136,140,134,135,128,117,110,113,111,110,112,129,151,196,155,130,127,120,115,103,64,127,132,130,128,134,134,140,132,126,110,102,117,118,114,112,121,152,195,165,123,128,117,115,96,36,123,131,127,129,132,133,134,131,127,112,109,117,114,116,107,116,145,172,12026/4/22网络多媒体小组8彩色图像（255,0,0）（0,255,0）（0,0,255）（123,20,12）（12,135,67）(207,137,130)(220,179,163)(215,169,161)(210,179,172)(210,179,172)(207,154,146)(217,124,121)(226,144,133)(226,144,133)(224,137,124)(227,151,136)(227,151,136)(226,159,142)(227,151,136)(230,170,154)(231,178,163)(231,178,163)(231,178,163)(236,187,171)(236,187,171)(239,195,176)(239,195,176)(240,205,187)(239,195,176)(231,138,123)(217,124,121)(215,169,161)(216,179,170)(216,179,170)(207,137,120)(159,51,71)(189,89,101)(216,111,110)(217,124,121)(227,151,136)(227,151,136)(226,159,142)(226,159,142)(237,159,135)(237,159,135)(231,178,163)(236,187,171)(231,178,163)(236,187,171)(236,187,171)(236,187,171)(239,195,176)(239,195,176)(236,187,171)(227,133,118)(213,142,135)(216,179,170)(221,184,170)(190,89,89)(204,109,113)(204,115,118)(189,85,97)(159,60,78)(136,38,65)(160,56,75)(204,109,113)(227,151,136)(226,159,142)(237,159,135)(227,151,136)(230,170,154)(231,178,163)(230,170,154)(231,178,163)(231,178,163)(236,187,171)(239,195,176)(230,170,154)(204,109,113)(178,73,83)(216,179,170)(220,188,176)(190,77,84)(206,95,97)(217,113,113)(189,85,97)(226,144,133)(207,91,94)(170,56,72)(159,51,71)(150,47,67)(172,63,78)(226,144,133)(226,144,133)(227,151,136)(226,159,142)每个像素的亮度用一个一维向量来表示，各元素分别表示R、G、B通道，数值范围在0到255之间。数字图像分析原理及步骤2026/4/22网络多媒体小组9预处理图像分割特征提取对象识别2026/4/22网络多媒体小组10预处理消除模糊图像去噪图像增强水平矫正图像分割的方法1.基于边缘的分割方法

先提取区域边界，再确定边界限定的区域。2.区域分割

确定每个像素的归属区域，从而形成一个区域图。3.区域生长

将属性接近的连通像素聚集成区域2026/4/22网络多媒体小组11基于边缘的分割方法边缘检测算子（如梯度算子）检测出边缘，再利用光栅跟踪或全向跟踪将边缘像素连成线2026/4/22网络多媒体小组12区域分割利用颜色灰度值判断某一像素点是否属于某特定区域2026/4/22网络多媒体小组13T（阈值）的确定取决于颜色分布直方图2026/4/22网络多媒体小组14区域分割区域生长选定某一像素点，并规定相似性判断标准，如果相邻像素点的相似度达到要求，就将区域有这一点向相邻点生长。直到所有相邻点都不符合相似性要求。2026/4/22网络多媒体小组15对象识别方法模板匹配法神经网络法2026/4/22网络多媒体小组16模板匹配2026/4/22网络多媒体小组17模板输入图像2026/4/22网络多媒体小组18数字图像分析应用实例军事公安方面

指纹识别人脸鉴别交通监控生物医学工程方面

CT技术癌细胞识别心电图分析航天和航空技术方面

飞机遥感卫星遥感资源勘察……2026/4/2218人脸识别2026/4/22网络多媒体小组19模板匹配法人脸识别2026/4/22网络多媒体小组