2024年广东省大湾区高考英语二模试卷

2024年广东省大湾区高考英语二模试卷

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分37.5分）第一节（共4小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个

选项中选出最佳选项。

1.(7.5分)Inthisissue,weofferupasmalltasteofavastandattractiveculinary(烹饪的)region-fromclassic

dishesandtreasuredinstitutionstopioneeringchefsandnewdirections.Hereiswhatsomeofthecontributors

wanttnsaytoyou.

PatrickHanlon

AlthoughthereisalotofseaweedaroundIreland'scoast,itwasn'talwaysliked,Hourever,it,snowbecoming

increasinglypopularasakeypartiniraditionalIrishfood,ThedishIenjoyedwhilelookingoutovertheAtlantic

inConnemaraperfectlyshowedhowpopularseaweedhasbecomelately.CONNEMARA,P8MikeJordan

I'matrueSoutherner:borninNashville,raisedinHuntseiHe,Alabana,andnowbasedinAflanta,Iovedtalkingto

brilliantSouthernchefslikeMashamaBaileyandRodneyScott,whorepresenttheregion'sincrediblediversityandunique

culLure,andtel1newstoriesthroughtheircuisine.SOUTHERNSTATES,P48SianMeadesWilliams

WhenIvisitedSantorinitofindoutmoreaboutvinsanto,thelocaldessertwine,itwasthepowerfulwomenwinemakers

thatreallyimpressedme.They'reworkinghardtomakerealchangeirtheindustry,andtheirlovefortheisland,

itsproduceandtheircommunityrunsthrougheverythingtheydo,SANTORINI,P66CeciliaHae-JinLee

Theculinaryhistoryofanycountryisfullofdepthandsurprises.Sharingthestoryofbibimbaprevealsonlyasmall

partofthebeautifulandtroubledhistoryofmyhomecountryofKorea,withitsrollingcountryside,dramaticmountains

andweather-beatenfishingboats,BIBIMB.4P,P76

(1)WhowritesaboutthecuisineoftheSouthernstates?

A.PatrickHanlon.

B.MikeJordan.

C,SianMeadesWilliams.

D,Ccci1iaHae-JinLee.

(2)WhatimpressedSianMeadesWilliamsduringhervisittoSantorin*?

A.Thediversityofcultures.

B.Thelocaldessertwine.

C.Thepopularityofscavccd.

D.Thefemalewinemakers.

(3)OnwhichpagecanwereadaboutKoreatscu1inaryhistory?

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A.P8.

B.P48.

C.P66.

D.P76.

2.(10分)

Americanshaveadopteddogsinrecordnumbersinthepandemic(流行病)：andwerca11ydon,tIikeIcavingournewfamily

membershomeontheirown.Weworrythatthey'11belonely,orworse,chewthefurniture.Soweask:Whatwouldwewant

todoifwewereathomewithnothingtodo?WatchTV,ofcourse,

DugTV,acliannelfuidugb>hasbeenavailableinLheUnitedStatessii.ee2012,Laslinuiitliitexpaiidedtoieachdugsin

England,AustraliaandNewZealandandisnowavailablein14countries,Unsurprisingly,morethan80percentofthe

channel'ssubscribersareAmericans,whomakeupthelargestpetmarketintheworld,AccordingtoRonLevi,thefounder

ofDogTV,thereisasignificantamountofseparationanxietyamongpctoumers.DogTVwascreatedtoprovidesensoryand

visualstimulationthatcanhelpreducethisanxiety.Leeicameupwiththeideaforthechannelin2006whenherealized

thatdogsarehighlysocialanimalsandoftenstrugglewhenleftaloneathome.Thus,hedecidedtofocusontheirneeds.

WhilesomeanimalbehavioristsadvocatefortheuseoftoysandpuzzlesinsteadofTV,othersbelievethatcertain

typesofprogrammingcanbebeneficialwhenthereisnothingelsegoingon.ForpetownerslikeSageRandall,whogota

newdo?namedCarrotCakein2020tokeephercompanywhileworkingathome,theguiltofleavingapctalonecanbe

great.ShelaughedwhenafriendadvisedhertogetDogTVandthoughtitwascrazytoevenimagineadogactuallysitting

stilltowatchtelevision.However,shetrieditandwasshockedthatCarrotCakeenjoyedwatchingthedifferentlandscapes

andseeingotherdogsplaying.AlthoughDogTVmaynotbeaperfectsolutionforeverypetowner,itprovidesan

interestinglookathowtechnologyisbeingusedtoaddresstheneedsofdogs.

Asforwhetherdogsactuallyenjoytelevisionorifwcarcsimplyfindingcomfortinprovidingthemwiththisvery

humanformofentertainment,thatremainsanopenquestion.

(1)Whoismostlikelytobetheauthorofthisarticle?

A.Aduguwnei.

B.Amobilesubscriber.

C.Ananimalbehaviorist.

D.AnAmericanmarketer.

(2)Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?

A.Americanslikedogsbest.

B.Thepetmarketisgrowing.

C.Dogscosttheirownersalot.

D.DogTVisgainingpopularity.

(3)Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

第2m/HK5I

A.Howdogs,needsaremet.

B.WhyDogTVwascreated.

C.Whatworriespetowners.

D.Whofoundedthechannel.

(4)Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningSageRandall?

A.Tocomparedifferentwaysoftreatingdogs.

B.Toexplaindogs,JondnessforwatchingTV.

C.Toillustratetheattitudeofsomepetowners.

D.Toshowtheeffectoftechnologyonanimals.

3.(10分)Yes,havingabignameinsciencewiIIhelpgetyourpaperpublished,anewstudyconfirms.InvoIvinghundreds

ofresearchersreviewinganeconomicspaper,thestudyfoundthatreviewersweremorelikelytorec3mmendacceptance

whenthepaperwasassociatedwithafamousauthorcomparedtoalesser-knownone,TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin

1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortslo

documentthisprejudicehad1imitationssuchassmal1samplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,a

teamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy.

Theteamsentemailstoabout3,3。。researchers,invitingthemtoreviewaneconomicspaperforarealjournal.The

paperhadtwoauthors:VernonSmith,aNobelPrizewinner,andSabiouInoua,oneofSmith'sformerPh.

D.students.Thepotentialreviewersreceivedoneofthreedescriptionsofthepaper:onementioningonlySmith,another

mentioningonlyInoua,andathirdwinnoauthormentioned.Oftheresearcherswhoagreedtoreviewthepaper,Smith's

fameinfluencedtheirresponses.WhengivenonlySmith'sname,38.5%acceptedtheinvitationtoreview,whilethefigures

were30.7%forthosegivennonameand28.5%forthosegivenonlyInown'sname.

Tofurtheravoidprejudice,theteamrandomlyassignedthe313reviewerswhoinitiallyreceivednoauthor'snameto

reviewoneofthreepapers:onecreditedtoSmithalone,anothertoInouaalone,andathirdwithnoauthorslisted,

ReviewersratedthepapercreditedtoSmiththehighest,praisingitsinclusionofnewinformationanddata-supported

conclusions.Theversionwithnoauthorsreceivedrecommendationsforacceptancefrom24%ofreviewers,morethandouble

thepercentagefortheversioncrediteconlytoInoua.

Theteamwarnedagainstevaluatingidenticalworkdifferentlybasedontheauthor*sidentityandsuggestedthatdouble­

blindreviewsmayreducetheprejudice.However,thisapproachmaynotbeeffectiveasreviewerscanoftenidentify

authorsthroughpreprintsorconferencepresentations.

(1)Whatdocstheterm“theMattheweffect*refertoaccordingtothispassage?

A.Atopicofpublicconcern.

B.Apreferenceinpublication.

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C.Adocumentdescribingcoins.

F).Awryro««?tpaporsaccoptod

(2)Wh>didtheteamfromtheIniversilyofInnsbruckcarryouttheextensivestudy?

A.Toreviewaneconomicspaper.

B.Tofindfaultwithpriorstudies.

C.Tofurtherinvestigateaneffect.

D.Tostudyhowtoreleasepapers.

(3)Whetarcpresentedinparagraphs3and4?

A.Datareceptionandrelease.

B.Paperdescriptionandscores.

C.Researchmethodsandfindings.

D.Authors,identitiesandresponses.

(4)Whetdocstheteamsuggesttoreducetheprejudice?

A.Revisingthereviewmethod.

B.Readingtheonlinepreprint.

C.Assessingdifferentworks.

D.Adeingnewinformation.

4.(10?})Cities,oftenseenasecologicalwastelands,actuallyhavethepotentialtoproduceexceptionalbiologists,While?

traditionalbiologiststypicallycomefromruralbackgrounds,urbanresidertspossessdiverseskillsetsthatmakethembetter

ones.

Takenyselfasanezample.GrowingupinPhiladelphiaprovidedmewithatniqueangletolookaturbaneco.ogy.Thecity*s

distinctseasons,plentifulsquirrels,rowhomes,andfestivalsservedasmyfirstecologicalclassroom.I;wastherethat

Iwitnessedwildcatseatingbirdsandrats,peopledrivingbatsfromtheirhomes,andsnakesbeingkilledbylawnmowers(割

草机).Thiswasecologyinaction,asrealasanyobservationinfieldsEndforests.

Theuniqueenvironmentofurbanareasencourageswildlifetheretodevelopiistinctfeaturesandbehaviorsthatsotthemapart

fromtheirruralcounterparts:theymaybelargerinsize,beactiveatdifferenttimesoftheday,movedifferently,andeven

displaydifferentpersonalities,Somebiologistsarguetheyareeven"smarter*becausetheybalancemorerisks,suchasexposure

toroacs,poisonouschemicalsanddiseasesfromdomesticanimalswithrewards,ofcourse,1ikeinhabitableparksandhunuin-

providedfood.

Ashumanresidentsofcities,wetooadapttotherisksandchallengesofurban1iving.Thisadaptalionsharpensourinluilion(百

觉)wclearnwhichstrecdstoavoidandlockourdoorsforsafety.Ourabi1itytoassessthreatsandourawarenessregarding

safetyinfluenceourbehaviorsandchoices,muchastheydoJorurbanwildlife.Sharedexperiencessuchastheseenableusto

betterunderstandandappreciateurbanwildlife.Mostoftheworld'spopula:ionnowaccessesgreenandbluespaces,aswellas

wildlife,withinurban

第4页I共17页

neighborhoods.Natureisnolongeronlyuntouchedwilderness：itincludessoundsofhumanlaughter,trashtrucksandfire

altu-ms.Weurbanresidentsareresourccfilandimtiginative,Weneedmorecapacity,moreparticipnIion,moreenergyandmore

innovationinsciencetocreatesolutionstofightenvironmentaldegradationandreducebiodiversityloss.Identifyingthis

talentacrosscitiespresentsapracticalapproach.

(1)WhetdidgrowingupinPhiladelphiateachtheauthor?

A.PhiladelphiaisuniquelyrichinwiIdlife.

B.Stidyingbiologyatschoolhelpsgreatly.

C.Urbznwildcreaturesneedprotectiontoo.

D.Citiesarefarfromecologicalwastelands.

(2)Whe.tdoestheunderlinedword"counterparts"inparagraph3mostlikelymean?

A.Similarspecies.

B.Potentialenemies.

C.NaUralresources.

D.Qualifiedbiologists.

(3)WhetexperienceshelpurbanresidentsunderstandwiIdlifebettor?

A.Eco-friendlyhabits.

B.Risk-awarebehaviors.

C.Ill-informedchoices.

D.East-pacedurbanlife.

(4)Wlutisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.CitiesBuiIdBetterBiologists

B.WhetMakesSmarterResidents?

C.UrbznAreasEncourageWildlife

D.WhoSavesEcologicalWastelands?

第二节(共1小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短交，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

I.(12.S分)Springmarathonsareapproaching,andwe'reherotohelpyouprepareforthestartingline.(1)

,WhattrainingplanshouldIuse?

(2).Somepeoplerespondwel1tologginghighmileagesixdaysaweek,whileotherspreferlower-intensityplansthat

allowtormorecross-trainingandfewerrunningdays.Thebestmarathontrainingplanistheonethatsuitsyourneedsand

nrofercnc^s.

.⑶?

ThedLrationofyourmarathontrainingplandependsonyourexperiencelevel,currentfitness,andtheexpert

弟弧/HHW

orauthorityyou'refollowing.Typictlly,marathontraininglasts12to20weeks,withmostplansfallingwithinthe

16-to20-weekrange.

,WhatifImisstrainingtime?It'sinportanttosticktoyourtrainin?planinordertorunyourbestrace,However,

noone'strainingisperfect.Don'tworryifyoumisssomerunsduetolifeeventsorunexpectedcircumstances.(4).

,Whatifmytrainingfeelstoodifficult?

Marathontrainingisnoeasytask.Attimes,thiscanfeeloverbearinganddifficult,Youshou1dbejncomfortablcto

somedegree,whichisnormalwhengrowinginanything.(5).Ifitdoes,consideradjustingyourplanorseeking

advicefromexperiencedrunnersorcoaches.

Finally,don'tforgetaboutfuelingcuringtrainingandracing,aswellaswhattowearonraceday.Withtheright

trainingplan,preparation,andattentiontothesedetails,you'11beveil-equippedtorunyourbestrzeeyet-whether

it,syourfirstor50th!

A.Trainingplansvaryforeachrunner

B.HowlongshouldItrainforamarathon

C.HowdoIdeterminemymarathongoals

D.BuiyourtrainingshouIcin'tfeelimpossible

E.It'sbettertoskipafewdaystoallowyourbodytorest

F.Takeadeepbreathandgetbackontrackassoonaspossible

G.Thisguideaddressescommonquestionsaboutmarathontraining

第三部分语占运用(共两节，满分15分)第一节(共1小题；每小题15分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选

项中选出最佳选项。

1.(1E分)It'sbeenoverayearsinceIstartedmyvolunteerworkasacaregiveratawel1-knownlocationherein

Oklahona,Duringarecentvisit,Ihada(n)(1)withanursethere,WediscussedhowIranintosomeissueswithmy

rightlegafteraterriblefall.1wassharinghowmynew(2)lednctohavetomakesomepersonalchangesandsoI

(3)someat-homeprojects,suchasavegetablegarden,achickenpen,andmypetbirds,whenJudithwheededover

andpolitelyintroducedherself.She(4)offeredmoa1ike-newbirdcagetorep1accmy(5)one,andIgratefully

acceptedher(6).

WhenIwenttoJudith'shouseto(7)thebirdcage,sheaskedifIcould(8)herforanepeomingsurgery

sinceshehadnooneelsetorelyon,Ifelt(9)tobechosentotakecareofherafterthe(10).Judith,who

isalsoa(11)andhasdevotedmanyyearstoworkingasahospitalvolunteer,truly(12)tobetreatedwith

kindnessandrespect.

Thisexperienceservesasabeautifulezampleoftwo(13)showingrandomactsofkindnesstowardseachother.

Ifirmlybelievethaleverythinghappensforareason,andIamtruly(14)forthe

第6页IJtlT®

opportunitytocareforJudith.Inthefuture,shouldIeverneed(15),Ihopetoreceivethesameloving

support.

(1)A.dateB.drinkC.argument).conversation

(2)A.jobsB.rulesC.challenges).wishes

(3)A.fundedB.sjldC.created).studied

(4)A.kindlyB.proudlyC.jokingly).calmly

(5)A.hangingB.strugglingC.hand-made).solar-powered

(6)A.offerB.claimC.decision).donation

(7)A.lookforB.pickupC.throwoffD.putaway

(8)A.forgiveB.thankC.interview).accompany

(9)A.honoredB.preparedC.relaxed).qualified

(10)A.checkinB.accidentC.operation).examination

(IDA.patientB.doctorC.cleaner).caregiver

(12)A.needsB.expectsC.deserves).continues

(13)A.nursesB.oldersC.visitors).strangers

(14)A.sorryB.gratefulC.responsible).famous

(15)A.adviceB.assistanceC.information).guidance

67贝/共1?贝

第二节（共1小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分；阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.(15分)ThecoolnightfilleduswitheageranticipationaswebeganclimbingMountTai.Alongtheway.wemetfellow

travelers,allpursuing(1)sameg^al:Ihesunrise.Inthemoonlight,theirfacesseemedunfamiliar,(2)our

sharedpurposeunitedus."Keepgoing;wearealmostthere!”someonecheered,givingusthemotivationtocontinueaswe

pausedforabreak,“Youcandoit!”addedanothervoice,Thesewordscf(3)(encourage)were1ikeawarm

wind,refreshingourtiredbodiesandminds..Afteraboutfourhours,wefinallyreachedthepeak,wherethetemperature

was(4,1(noticeable)lower.Wrapping(5)(we)tightlyinrentedcoats,wefounda(6)(suit)

spotandsettleddowntoawaitthesurrise.

Theskygradual]ytransformed,shifling(7)deepbluetorosycolors.Suddenlyaredsunjumpedoutfrombehind

theclouds,andthousandsofraysoflight(8)(shine)onthepea<.Withgoldencloudsdelicatelysuspendedinthe

air,MountTaiappearedlikeafairyland,(9)(create)abreathtakinglybeautifulscene.Bathedinthebrilliant

sunlight,theentiremountainseemedtocomealivewithbirdssingingandtreesswaying,asifnatureitselfwasjoining

inthecelebrationofthenewday.

(10)(strike)bythebeautyofthemoment,wesatthere,feelingproudtohavewitnessedsuchamagicalsight.

第四部分写作(共两节，满分15分)第一节(满分15分)

1.（15分）正值你校社团招新，学校英文报发起飞yClub”主题征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，介绍并推荐你参加的一个社团。

注意：

（1）写作词数应为80个左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

MyClub

第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成•篇完整的短文。

L(25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Afterabusyweek,Emilyandherparentsdecidedtogoonamountainpicnic.Theylongedtofullyexperiencenature*s

beautyandenjoyqualityfamilytime.Littledidtheyknow,thisoutingwouldbefilledwithunexpectedtwistsandturns

(波折)，

Arrivingatthemountain'sbase,theydiscoveredahouse,infrontofwhichMikeandhisfatherhadjust

第8页/JtlT®

finishedloadingaboatontoMike,struck.Emilyapproachedthemandaskedforthebestpicnicspotinthearea,

Knowingthemountainwell,Mikesuggestedalocationabouttwohours'walkaway."Ittsworththeeffort,"heassured

them.

ParkingtheircarnczttoMike'struckandcarryingtheirpicnicsupplies,Emilyandherparentssetoffonthewinding

road.?al1greentreesononeside,aflowingstreamontheother,thereadeventuallyledthemtoabreathtakingclearing

dottedwithcolorfulwildflowers.Theyenjoyedtheirdelicioussandwiches,fruits,andsnacks,engaginginpleasant

conversations.

Justastheyfinishedtheirmealandsettleddowntorelax,darkcloudsunexpectedlyrolledin,Itlookedlikerain,

Panicked,theyhurriedlysetupthetenttheyhadbrought.Nosoonerhadtheyenteredthanraindropsbeganpouringon

thercof.Heavyrainenvelopedthesurroundings,makingitimpossibletoseeanything.Theyhadnochoicebutto

patientlywaititout.

Afterwhatfelt1ikeacentury,therainceased,Emilyandherparentswastednotimepackinguptheirbelongings,

readytogetdownhill.However,theirexcitementturnedtoworrywhentheydiscoveredthatthesmallstreamtheyhad

previouslycrossedhadturnedintoawideandimpassableriver,Withnocellphonesignal,theyweretrappedwithout

ameansofseekinghelp.Tomakemattersworse,darknesswasapproaching.

注意：

(1)续写词数应为】50个左右：

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.

Suddenly,theyheardthesoundofavehiclefromacrosstheriver.

Emilyandherparentsboardedtheboat.

第9页/共17页

2024年广东省大湾区高考英语二模试卷（答案&解析）

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分37.5分）第一节（共4小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、

C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

L（D细节理解题。根据第三段IlovedtalkingtobrilliantSouthernchefslikeMashamaBaileyandRodneyScott,who

representtheregion*sincrediblediversityanduniqueculture,andtellnewstoriesthroughtheircuisine.（我喜

欢与MashamaBailey和RodneyScott等杰出的南方厨师交谈，他们代表了该地区令人难以置信的多样性和独特的文化，并通过他

们的交饪讲述了新的故事）可知，迈克•乔丹写的是南方各州的美食。故选

（2）细节埋解题。根据倒数第：段When1visitedSantorinitofindoutmoreaboutvinsanto,thelocaldessertwine,

itwasthepowerfulwomenwinemakersthatreallyimpressedme.（当我去圣托里尼岛寻找更多关于当地甜点酒visanlo的信

息时，给我留下深刻印象的是那些强大的女性酿酒师）可知，希恩•米德斯•威廉姆斯在圣托里尼岛旅行时.，女限酒师给她留下了

深刻的印象。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段TheculinaryhistoryofanycountryisJullofdepthandsurprises.Sharingthestory

ofbibimbaprevealsonlyasmal1partofthebeautifulandtroubledhistoryofmyhomecountryofKorea,withits

rollingcountryside,dramaticmountainsandweatherbeatenfishingboats.BIBIMBAP,P76（任何国家的烹饪历史都充满

了深度和惊喜。分享拌饭的故事只揭示了我的祖国韩国美丽而动荡的历史的一小部分，这里有起伏的乡村、引人注目的山脉和饱经

风霜的渔船。石锅拌饭，•第76贝）可知，第76贝我们可以彼到韩国的烹饪历史，故选D.

【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要列举了四名撰稿人对于各地美食的介绍。

2.（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Americanshaveadopteddogsinrecordnumbersinthepandemic（流行病）.andwereally

don'tlikeleavingournewfamilymembershomeontheirown.Weworrythatthey'11be1one1y,orworse,chew

theflrniture.（在疫情期间，美国人收养狗的数量创历史新高，我们真的不喜欢把新的家庭成员独自留在家里。我们担心它们会

很孤独，或者更糟，会咬家具）可知，文章的作者是养狗的人。故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段DogTV,achannelfordogs,hasbeenavailableintheUnitedStatessince2012.Lastmonth

itexpandedtoreachdogsinEngland,AustraliaandNewZealandandisnowavailablein14countries.Unsurprisingly,

morethan80percentofthechanneTssubscribersareAmericans,whomakeupthelargestpetmarketinthe

woCd.（狗狗频道DogTV自2012年起在美国开播。上个月，它扩展到英国、澳大利亚和新西兰的狗狗，现在在14个国家都可以买到。

不出所料，该频道80%以上的订户是美国人，他们构成了世界上最大的宠物市场）可知，DogTV•越来越受欢迎。故选D。

（3）段落大意题。根据第三段AccordingtoRonLevi,theJounderofDogTV,thereisasignificantamountofseparation

anzidyamongpetowners.DogTVwascreatedtoprovidesensoryandvisualstimulationthatcanhelpreducethis

anziety.Levicameupwiththeideaforthechannelin2006whenherealizedthatdogsarehighlysocialanimals

andoftenstrugglewhenleftaloneathome.Thus,hedecidedtofocusontheirneeds.（据DogTV

第io页/共】T页

的创始人罗恩・列维说，宠物主人中有大量的分离焦虑。DogTV的创建是为了提供感官和视觉刺激，可以帮助减少这种焦虑。利瓦

伊在2G06年想到了这个频道的想法，当时他意识到狗是高度群居的动物，经常在独自在家时挣扎.因此，他决定关注他们的需求）

可知，第三段的上耍内容是为什么创建DogTV,故选B。

（4）目的意图题。根据倒数第二段ForpetownerslikeSageRandall,whogotanewdognamedCarrotCakein2020to

keephercompanywhileworkingathome,theguiltofleavingapetalonecanbegreat,Shelaughedwhenafriend

advisedhertogetDogTVandthoughtitwascrazytoevenimagineacogactuallysittingstilltowatchtelevision.

However,shetrieditandwasshockedthatCarrotCakeenjoyedwatchingthedifferentlandscapesandseeingother

dogsplaying.AlthoughDogTVmaynotbeaperfectsolotionforeverypetowner,itprovidesaninteresting1ook

athowtechnologyisbeingusedtoaddresstheneedsofdogs.（对于像SageRandall这样的宠物主人来说，她在2020年

养/一只名叫胡萝卜蛋料的新狗,以便在家丁作时陪伴她.把宠物独自留下的内疚感可能很棒.当一个朋友建议她订阅狗狗频道

DogTV时，她笑了起来，她认为想象一只狗真的坐着看电视真是太疯狂了。然而，她试了一下，震惊地发现胡萝卜蛋糕很喜欢看不

同的景象，也很喜欢看其他狗狗玩耍。虽然DogTV可能不是每个宠物主人的完美解决方案，但它提供了一个有趣的视角，看看科技

是如何被用来满足狗的需求的）可知，作者提到SageRandall的目的是说明一些宠物主人的态度，故选C.

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着美国养狗的人越来越多，狗狗频道DogTV开始流行起来。

3.（1）推理判断题。根据第二段TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopic

ofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitations

suchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityof

Innastruckconductedanextensivestudy.（马太效应於1968年创造的一个术语，用来描述这种偏见，多年来一直是科学家们关注

的话题。然而，先前记录这种偏见的努力存在同限性，例如样本量小或跳乏随机化。为了解决这些问题，来自因斯布鲁克大学的

一个团队进行了一项广泛的研究。）可知，“马太效应”被描述为“对著名，‘乍者的偏见“和”基于作者身份对相同作品的不同评

价”。它用来描述审稿人在接受与著名作者相关的论文时，相比于鲜为人知的作者，所表现出的偏见。这清楚地表明，它指的是

出版过程中的偏好或偏见。故选及

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin196Etodescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopic

ofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitationssuch

assmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityofInnasbruck

conductedanextensivesludy.（马太效应是1968年创造的一个术语，用来描述这种偏见，多年来一直是科学家们关注的话题。然

而，先前记录这种偏见的努力存在局限性，例如样本量小或缺乏随机化。为了解决这些问题，来自因斯布鲁克大学的一个团队进行

了一项广泛的研究。）可知，该团队进行了一项广泛的研究是为了深入调查这一效应，而不是简单地回顾一篇经济学论文、找先前

研究的错误或研究如何发布论文。故选C。

（3）段落大意题。根据第三段Theteamsentemailstoabout3,300researchers,invitingthemtoreviewaneconomics

paperforarealjournal.（该团队向大约3300名研究人员发送了电子邮件，邀请他们为一份真正的期刊审阅一篇经济学论文。）以

及第四段Tofurtheravoidprejudice,theLearnrandomlyassignedthe313reviewerswhoiniLiallyreceivednoauLhoi->s

nametoreviewoneofthreepapers:onecreditedtoSmithalone,anothertoInouaalone,andathirdwithno

authorslisted.（为了进一步避免偏见，研究小组随机分配了313名最初没有收到作者姓名

第“页/共17页

的审稿人，让他们分别审行三篇论文中的一篇：一篇是Smith一个人的论文，另一篇是Inoua一个人的论文，还有一篇没有作者的论文。）

可知，在这两段中，首先介绍了研究团队使用的熨脸方法，即他们模拟了经济学领域论文的同行评审过程，并洋细说明了实险的具体步

骤。接着，在第4段中，他们呈现了研究的发现，即论文的作者身份确实对审稿人的评分有显著影响，这进一步验证了“马太效应”的存

在。因此，这两段主要介绍了研窕方法和发现。故选C。

（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段Theteamwarnedagainstevaluatingidenticalworkdifferentlybasedontheauthor'sidentity

andsuggestedthatdouble-blindreviewsmayreducetheprejudice,liouevcr,thisapproachmaynotbeeffectiveas

revieverscanoftenidenLifyauthorsthroughpreprintsorconferencepresentations.（该团队警告说,不要根据作者的身份对

相同的作品进行不同的评估，并建议双盲评审可能会减少偏见.然而，这种方法可能并不有效，因为审稿人通常可以通过预卬本或会议演

讲来识别作者。）可知，研究人员认为减少偏见的唯•方法是修改评审方法。因此，团队建议的是修订评审方法以臧少偏见。故选A.

【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍r科学界中马太效应的一个实证册窕，该效应描述了在科学研究中对著名作者存在的

偏见，以及这种偏见对论文发表机会的影响并提出了减少这种偏见的可能方法。

4.（1）细节理解题°根据第二段Takemyselfasanexample,GrowingupinPhiladelphiaprovidedmewithauniqueangleto

lookaturbaneco