雨课堂学堂在线学堂云医学研究生英语(赣南医科大学)单元测试考核答案

第1题Itcanbehardto______familyresponsibilitiesandthedemandsofafull-timejob.AjungleBjiggleCjuggleDstruggle第2题Themajorityofthenovelistoldthroughathird-person________narrator.AomniscientBominousCauspiciousDconscientious第3题Researchershavetriedtoidentifypossiblepathwayto________immunesystemafterbone-marrowtransplants.AregainBrebootCdepressDsuppress第4题Physicianburnoutisasignificantprobleminthemedicalprofession,andwork_______isthemaincontributortoit.AoverloadBdownloadCuploadDreload第5题Thedataindicatespeoplewanttodesigntheirlivesto________havingthenecessarytimeandenergytoenjoylifeovermakingmoney.AhighlightBprioritizeCbalanceDcommit第6题Theseresultsechothefindingsofourpreviousqualitativeresearch,withthe________existenceofsuffering,coping,andmeaningpresentinthisgroup.DAstimulantBirrationalCpassionateDsimultaneous第7题However,thisviewofidentityhasbeenextensively________inbothearlyandrecentsociolinguisticresearch,andespeciallyinscholarshiponlanguage,gender,andsexuality.AremarkedBdebunkedCcommittedDembarked第8题Scientistshavediscoveredanew________oftheviruswhichismuchmoredangerous.AstrainBrestrainCconstrainDstrand第9题Bysaltingthemeat,bacteriawere________,preservingthemeatforfutureuse.BAkeptawayBkeptatbayCkeptoutDkeptoff第10题Thekidsstoppedforafewminutestolookatthelions,then________alongtothenextanimalenclosure.ArumbledBmumbledCtumbledDbumbled第11题Insomeculture,studentsdon’thavetherighttointerruptortogoontoolongorto________fromthesubject.AdistinguishBseparateCabsentDstray第12题Theonce-successfulpropertydevelopmentcompanyhasfallen________tothecurrenteconomiccrisis.ApreyBprayCoutDover第13题Theintern’sheadisprobably________withquestionsafterseeingthepatient.CAspanningBinstillingCspinningDcultivating第14题At82yearsold,shewasin________healthandhadrespiratoryproblems.DAprecautiousBdeliriousCdeleteriousDprecarious第15题Therewasa________ofsadnessinhistoneashementionedthename.AlayerBtingeCloafDgrain第1题Direction:Thepassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForthispassagetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).Choosethebestanswerforeachquestion.

Motherswhodrinkmilkcontaining‘friendlybacteria’(probiotics)whilepregnantandbreastfeedingmayreducetheirchild'sriskofdevelopingeczema,reportsanewstudy.Andiftheirchilddoesdevelopeczema,itmaybelesssevere.Whatdoweknowalready?

Probioticsaretinyorganisms,usuallybacteria,whichoccurnaturallyinsomefoods(suchasyoghurt)andareaddedtoothers(suchasmilkandsoyadrinks).Theyarealsoavailableassupplements.Probioticsareoftencalled‘friendlybacteria’becausetheyhelpwithdigestionandprotectagainstsometypesofharmfulbacteria.Studiesalsoshowtheymayhelptheimmunesystemtodevelopandreducetheriskofallergies,whichoccurwhentheimmunesystemoverreactstosomethingharmless,likepollen.Thishasledresearcherstowonderwhetherprobioticsmightbeusedtopreventsomeallergy-relatedconditions,suchaseczema.Eczemaisaskinconditionthatmakespatchesofskinbecomedry,redanditchy.Itisverycommon,particularlyamongchildren.About16in100childrenintheUKhaveeczema.Somestudieshavefoundthatchildrenhavealowerriskofeczemaiftheyaregivenprobioticsasbabies.However,thesestudieshavelookedmainlyatchildrenwhohaveafamilyhistoryofeczemaandareathighrisk,ratherthanchildreningeneral.Also,fewstudieshaveexploredwhethergivingmothersprobioticswhilepregnantorbreastfeedingmighthaveabeneficialeffect.Tohelpfillthesegaps,Norwegianresearchershavenowdoneastudyof415pregnantwomenwhowereplanningtobreastfeedtheirbabies.Halfofthewomendrankmilkwithprobioticsfromthe36thweekoftheirpregnancyuntiltheirbabywas3monthsold.Theotherhalfdrankidenticalmilkthatcontainednoprobiotics.Theresearchersthenfollowedupthewomentwoyearslatertofindoutwhethertheirchildrenhadeczema.Whatdoesthenewstudysay?Childrenborntowomenwhodranktheprobioticmilkwerehalfaslikelytohaveeczemaatage2thanthosewhosemothersdranktheregularmilk.Andthechildrenintheprobioticsgroupwhodiddevelopeczemahadlessseveresymptomsoverall.Theseresultsdidn’tchangewhentheresearchersfactoredinotherthingsthatmighthaveaffectedthechildren’sriskofhavingeczemaandotherallergies,suchaswhethertheirmothersmoked,whethertheywerebreastfedforonlyashorttime,andwhethertheystartedeatingfoodbeforeage6months.

Interestingly,thechildrenmostlikelytobenefitfromprobioticswerethosewithnofamilyhistoryofeczemaorrelatedallergies.Thissuggests,saytheresearchers,thatwidespreaduseofprobioticsbypregnantandbreastfeedingwomenmightbeworthwhileforcurbingratesofchildhoodeczema.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutprobioticsisNotTrue?()AProbioticsaretinyorganisms,asbacteria,theynaturallyoccurinsuchfoodsasyoghurt.BProbioticscanbeaddedtomilkandsoyadrinks,onlyassupplements.CProbioticsare‘friendlybacteria’becausetheyhelpusindigestionandprotectusfromsometypesofharmfulbacteria.DProbioticsmightpreventeczemainyoungchildren.第2题ThefollowingexplanationsaboutEczemaareappropriateExcept_____.AEczemaisaskinconditioninchildren.BEczemaisaskinconditionwhichmakespatchesofskin.CWhenpatientsdevelopEczema,theirskinbecomedry,redanditchy.D16%ofchildrenintheUKhaveeczema.第3题Thelimitationofstudiesoneczemaliesinthat_____.AChildrenwhohaveafamilyhistoryofeczemaandareathighrisk,ratherthanchildreningeneralareresearched.BChildrenhaveahigherriskofeczemaiftheyaregivenprobioticsasbabies.CMoststudieshaveexploredthatgivingpregnantmothersprobioticshaveasideeffect.DMoststudieshaveexploredthatgivingbreastfeedingmothersprobioticshaveabeneficialeffect.第4题WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNotMentionedinthenewstudy?()AThechildrenintheprobioticsgroupwhodiddevelopeczemahadlessserioussymptomsgenerally.BChildrenborntowomenwhodranktheprobioticmilkhad50percentofpossibilitytohaveeczemaatage2thanthosewhosemothersdranktheregularmilk.CThosechildrenwithnofamilyhistoryofeczemaorrelatedallergiesweremostlikelytobenefitfromprobiotics.DWhentheresearcherslookedatotherfactorsthatmighthaveaffectedthechildren’sriskofhavingeczemaandotherallergies,theseresultsdidmakeachange.第5题Theword“curbing”inthelastparagraphmayprobablymean_______.AdecreasingBadjustingCcontrollingDdescending1.9.3Cloze第1题Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswerforeachblank.Inthelastfiftyyears,modernmedicalresearchhasmadeanumberofimportant____1___inheartsurgery.Forexample,in1954,HenrySwan,anAmerican,establishedcryosurgerysurgeryinwhichthetissuetobecutupisfrozen-asastandardprocedure.Inthatlandmarkoperation,Swan____2___thepatient'sbodytemperatureandsloweddownthepatient’scirculation.This____3___thesurgeontoperformtheoperationinadryarea.Thistechniquewassuccessfuleversince.Anothermajoradvancewasthedevelopmentofopenheartsurgery.C.WalterLillehiefirstaccomplishedthisin1954.Althoughopenheartsurgeryisstilla

____4___operation,recentlysurgeonsperformit___5____greaterandgreatersuccess.Adiscoverythattothesuccessofheartsurgerywastheusein1963ofanartificialhearttocirculatebloodduringtheoperation.Thisgavethepatientgreatersafetyandthedoctor,MichaelDeBaker,moreworkingtime.Perhapsthemostfamousandmostpromisingactioninheartsurgerywasmadein1967byChristianBarnard,aSouthAfrican.Heattemptedto____6___healthyhumanheartintoapersonwhohada

___7____heart.Althoughthepatientonlylivedforashortwhileaftertheoperation,Barnardcontinuedhistransplantsinotherpatients___8____hehopedtoperfectthetransplantingoperation.Weallhopethatthis___9____importantadvanceinheartsurgerycanbe___10____inthefuture.AmovesBchangesCadvancesDprograms第2题AmaintainedBleveledCmeasuredDlowered第3题AencouragedBacquiredCrequiredDurged第4题AfatalBdangerousCrareDpilot第5题AwithBbyCforDin第6题AcontributedBattributedCdistributedDcommitted第7题AtransmitBemployCtransformDtransplant第8题AfaultyBdefectiveCweakDfragile第9题AalthoughBevenifCbecauseDwhen第10题AfosteredBperfectedCpromisedDforwarded2.8.1Multiplechoice第1题Thebloodsamplesaresenttothelaboratoryfor().AanalysisBexaminationCbreakdownDanatomy第2题Thereislittle()ofthedamagetothenaturalenvironment.AjudgementBassessmentCcalculationDestimation第3题The()amongtheworld’sscientistsisthattheworldislikelytowarmupoverthenextfewdecades.AconsentBjudgementCagreementDconsensus第4题These()showthatmostcancersaredetectedasaresultofclinicalfollow-up.AinformationBfactCdataDopinion第5题Thereisconvincing()ofalinkbetweenexposuretosunandskincancer.AsignBevidenceCfactDwitness第6题Thenewtradeagreementshould()morerapideconomicgrowth.AspeedBpromoteCfacilitateDadvance第7题Workwillnowbegintotestthe()inrats.AtheoryBideaCthoughtDhypothesis第8题Therewillbeaprizeforthemost()design.AinnovativeBoriginalCimaginaryDwonderful第9题Policeare()possiblelinksbetweenthemurders.AsurveyingBinvestigatingCresearchingDexamining第10题Herrecentbookprovidesuswithanew()formodernbiography.ApatternBmodelCparadigmDexample第11题Dr.Sullivan’s()toheadtheDepartmentofHealthwasgreetedwithsatisfaction.AselectionBelectionCpickingDchoosing第12题Hisinvestmentstrategyisbasedonthe()thatthestockmarketoffersthebestreturnsforlong-terminvestors.AprincipleBdoctrineClawsDrule第13题Accordingtothe()ofrelativity,nothingcantravelfasterthanlight.AopinionBideaCtheoryDthought第14题Theriseininterestrateswasnotreflectedina()riseinthedollar.AaccompanyingBjudgementCrelatedDcorresponding第15题Thereisa()()debateontheissue.AcontinuingBongoingCexistingDproceeding2.8.2ReadingComprehension第1题Therearetwopassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachquestionorunfinishedstatement,therearefourpossiblechoices.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

PassageOneFourteen-year-oldSeanMeCallumlayinahospitalbedwaitingforanewheart.Withoutit,Seanwoulddie.Sean’scaseisnotunusual.Everydaymanypeoplediebecausetherejustaren’tenoughhumanorganstogoaround.Nowscientistssaytheycanalterthegeneticmake-upofcertainanimalssothattheirorgansmaybeacceptabletohumans.Withthisgene-alteringtechniquetoovercomeourimmunerejectiontoforeignorgans,scientistshopetousepigheartsfortransplantsbytheyear2008.Thatprospect,however,hasstirredupstrongoppositionamonganimalrightactivists.Theyprotestthatthewholeideaofusinganimaliscruelandunjust.Somescientistsalsofearsuchtransplantsmaytransmitunknowndiseasestohumans.Othersbelievetransplantinganimalorgansintohumansisunnecessary.Millionsofdollarsspentonbreedingpigsfortheirorganscouldnotbebetterthanspentonhealtheducationprograms.Theybelieveseventy-fivepercentoftheheartdiseasecasesthathadledtoaneedfororgantransplantarepreventable.Thekeyistoconvincepeopletoeathealthfully,andnottosmokeordrinkalcohol.Scientistscouldalsouseresearchfundstoimproveartificialorgans.Stillothersbelievethatthoughnewinventionsandpreventionprogramsmayhelp,spendingmoneytoencouragemorepeopletodonatetheirorgansisanevenbetteridea.Ifenoughpeoplewereeducatedaboutorgandonations,everyonewhoneededanorgancouldbetakenoffthewaitinglistinayear.Whatistheproblemthepassagebeginswith?()AAhighmortalityrateofimmunerejection.BAmalpracticeinhearttransplantation.CAnunusualcaseoforgantransplant.DAshortageofhumanorgans.第2题Notonlyisthegene-alteringtechniqueatechniqueissue,accordingtothepassage,butalsoit().

AintroducesanissueofinhumanityBraisestheissueofjusticeinmedicineCpresentsasignificantthreattothehumannatureDpushesthepracticeoforgantransplanttothelimits第3题Doubtfulofthenecessityofusinganimalorgans,somescientists().

AaretonarrowthescopeoforgantransplantsBswitchtothedevelopmentofartificialorgansCcomeupwithalternativestothecurrentproblemDsetouttopurchasebetterwaysoftreatingheartdisease第4题Itcanbeinferredfromtheconcludingparagraphofthepassagethat().

Athegene-alteringtechniquewillhelpthosewaitingfororgantransplantsBthepresentsupplyofhumanorgansstillhaspotentialtobeexploredCpeopleprefertheuseofanimalorgansformedicalpurposesDthegene-alteringtechniqueleavesmuchtobedesired第5题Theinformationthepassagecarriesis().

AenlighteningBunbelievableCimaginativeDfactual2.8.3ReadingComprehension2第1题Smokingcauseswrinklesbyupsettingthebody’smechanismforrenewingskin,sayscientistsinJapan.Dermatologistssaythefindingconfirmsthelong-heldviewthatsmokingagesskinprematurely.Skinstayshealthyandyoung-lookingbecauseofafinebalancebetweentwoprocessesthatareconstantlyatwork.Thefirstbreaksdownoldskinwholethesecondmakesnewskin.Thebodybreaksdowntheoldskinwithenzymescalledmatrixmetalloproteinases,orMMPs.Theychopupthefibersthatfromcollagen（胶原质）—theconnectivetissuethatmakesuparound80percentofnormalskin.AkimichiMoritaandhiscolleaguesatNagoyaCityUniversityMedicalSchoolsuspectedthatsmokingdisruptedthebody’snaturalprocessofbreakingdownoldskinandrenewingit.Totesttheiridea,theyfirstmadeasolutionofcigarettesmokebypumpingsmokethroughasaline（盐的）solution.Smokewassuckedfromcigarettesfortwosecondseveryminute.Tinydropsofthissmokesolutionwereaddedtodishesofhumanfibroblasts,theskincellsthatproducecollagen.Afteradayincontactwithsmokesolution,theresearcherstestedtheskincellstoseehowmuchcollagen-degradingMMPtheyweremaking.MoritafoundthatcellsexposedtocigarettesmokehadproducedfarmoreMMPthannormalskincells.Moritaalsotestedtheskincellstoseehowmuchnewcollagentheywereproducing.Hefoundthatthesmokecausedadropintheproductionoffreshcollagenbyupto40percent.Hesaysthatthiscombinedeffectsofdegradingcollagenmorerapidlyandproducinglessnewcollagenisprobablywhatcauseprematureskinageinginsmokers.Inbothcases,themoreconcentratedthesmokesolutionthegreatertheeffectoncollagen.“Thissuggeststheamountofcollagenisimportantforskinageing.”hesays,“Itlookslikelesscollagenmeansmorewrinkleformation.”Moritadoesn’tknowifthisisthewholestoryofwhysmokershavemorewrinkles.Butheplanstoconfirmhisfindingsbytestingskinsamplesfromsmokersandnon-smokersofvariousagestoseeifthesmokinghasthesameeffectoncollagen.“Sofarwe’veonlydonethisinthelab,”hesays.“Wedon’tknowexactlywhathappensinthebodyyet—thatmighttakesometime.”Otherdermatologistsareimpressedbythework.“Thisisfascinating,”saysLawrenceParish,directoroftheCenterforInternationalDermatologyatThomasJeffersonUniversityHospitalinPhiladelphia.“Thisconfirmsscientificallywhatwe’velongexpected,”hesays.“Tobaccosmokeisinjurioustoskin.”Healthskinliesin().

Aawell-keptbalancebetweentwoworkingprocessesBthetwoprocessesofbreakingdownskincellsCafinebalanceinthenumberofcigarettesDthetwostepsofformingcollagen第2题FortheJapanesescientists,totesttheirideais().

AtoverifytheagingofhumanbeingsBtofindoutthemechanismofrenewingskinCtoprovethetwoprocessesofwrinkleformationDtoconfirmthehazardsofsmokingprovenotherwise第3题TheJapanesescientiststestedtheirideasusing().

AMMPstoformfreshcollagenBcigarettesmoketocontaminateskincellsChumanfibroblaststoproducefreshcollagenDnon-smokerstobeexposedtocigarettesmoke第4题AsinferredfromMorita’sresults,smoking().

AcouldstimulatetheproductionoffreshcollagenBisunlikelytopromotetheproductionofMMPCtendstocauseskintoageprematurelyDmaycausecollagentodieby60%第5题Moritaimpliesthathisfindings().

AtooklesstimethanexpectedBwerehardtoacceptindermatologyCwerenotexclusivelybasedonthelabDneedtobefurtherverifiedinthehumanbody.3.8.1Multiplechoice第1题Thebloodsamplesaresenttothelaboratoryfor().AanalysisBexaminationCbreakdownDanatomy第2题Thereislittle()ofthedamagetothenaturalenvironment.AjudgementBassessmentCcalculationDestimation第3题The()amongtheworld’sscientistsisthattheworldislikelytowarmupoverthenextfewdecades.AconsentBjudgementCagreementDconsensus第4题These()showthatmostcancersaredetectedasaresultofclinicalfollow-up.AinformationBfactCdataDopinion第5题Thereisconvincing()ofalinkbetweenexposuretosunandskincancer.AsignBevidenceCfactDwitness第6题Thenewtradeagreementshould()morerapideconomicgrowth.AspeedBpromoteCfacilitateDadvance第7题Workwillnowbegintotestthe()inrats.AtheoryBideaCthoughtDhypothesis第8题Therewillbeaprizeforthemost()design.AinnovativeBoriginalCimaginaryDwonderful第9题Policeare()possiblelinksbetweenthemurders.AsurveyingBinvestigatingCresearchingDexamining第10题Herrecentbookprovidesuswithanew()formodernbiography.ApatternBmodelCparadigmDexample第11题Dr.Sullivan’s()toheadtheDepartmentofHealthwasgreetedwithsatisfaction.AselectionBelectionCpickingDchoosing第12题Hisinvestmentstrategyisbasedonthe()thatthestockmarketoffersthebestreturnsforlong-terminvestors.AprincipleBdoctrineClawsDrule第13题Accordingtothe()ofrelativity,nothingcantravelfasterthanlight.AopinionBideaCtheoryDthought第14题Theriseininterestrateswasnotreflectedina()riseinthedollar.AaccompanyingBjudgementCrelatedDcorresponding第15题Thereisa()()debateontheissue.AcontinuingBongoingCexistingDproceeding3.8.2ReadingComprehension第1题Directions:Thereisonepassageinthispart.Thepassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachquestionorunfinishedstatement,therearefourpossiblechoices.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Blindpeoplecaneasilycomprehendspeechthatisspedupfarbeyondthemaximumratethatsightedpeoplecanunderstand.Whenwespeakrapidly,weareverbalizingataboutsixsyllablespersecond.Thathyperactiveradioannouncerspewingfineprintattheendofacommercialjabbersat10syllablespersecond,theabsolutelimitofcomprehensionforsightedpeople.Blindpeople,however,cancomprehendspeechspedupto25syllablespersecond.Humanbeingscannottalkthisfast.Thescientistshadtouseacomputerizedsynthesizertogeneratespeechatthisspeed.ExaminingbrainregionsactivatedbyblindandsightedpeoplewhiletheylistenedtoultrafastspeechandlaidinsideaMRIbrainscannerrevealedthatinblindpeoplethepartofthecerebralcortexthatnormallyrespondstovisionwasrespondingtospeech.Nowonderblindpeopleseemtohavesuperhumanpowersofhigh-speedlisteningcomprehension.Normally,thisbrainregion,situatedatthebackoftheskullandcalledV1,onlyrespondstolight.Visionissuchanimportantsenseforhumansthatahugeportionofthebrainisdevotedtovisualprocessing—farmoregraymatterthanisdedicatedtoanyothersense.Inblindpeopleallthisbrainpowerwouldgotowaste,butsomehowanunsightedperson’sbrainrewiresitselftoconnectauditoryregionsofthebraintothevisualcortex.Oneresearcherexplainedthattheageatwhichapersonlosessightislikelytobecriticalinrewiringbrainregionscontrollinghearingtotheregionthatnormallyprocessesvision.Inpeoplewhoarebornblindthevisualcortexiscompletelyunresponsivetoanyauditoryorvisualstimulation.Thisregionofthebrainbecomesfunctionallydisconnectedbecausevisualinputisnecessaryearlyinlifetowireupvisualbraincircuitryproperly.Youngerpeoplewholosesightaftertheseconnectionsformed,however,areabletoreroutethemtoprocessauditoryinformationafterbecomingblind.Ontheotherhand,peoplewholosesightlateinlifearealsolessabletorewiretheirbrains,becausethecriticalperiodduringwhichvisualexperiencecaninfluencethisprocessislimitedtoearlieryearsinlife.Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?()AThebreakthroughdiscoveryofthebrainregionsexaminationbytheresearchers.BTheinnovativewaysfoundoutbytheresearcherstocureblindpeople’sblindness.CThereasonswhysomeblindpeopleprocessspeechfarfasterthansightedpeople.DTheworkmechanismofthebrainsofblindpeopleandsightedpeoplerespectively.第2题WhichofthefollowingisFALSEaboutthecomprehensionabilityofspeechforhumanbeingsaccordingtotheresearch?()AThespeechat25syllablespersecondcanbecomprehendedbysomeblindpeople.BThespeechat10syllablespersecondcanbecomprehendedbysomesightedpersons.CBothblindandsightedpeoplecancomprehendspeechthatisatabout6syllablespersecond.DAllblindpeopleprocessspeechfarfasterthansightedpersons.第3题WhatdidtheMRIbrainscannershowwhenexaminingthebrainregionactivatedbyblindandsightedpeople?()ASightedpeople’sbrainregioncanrespondsnotonlytolightbutalsotospeech.BSightedpeople’sauditorycortexcanonlyshowresponsetothevision.CBlindpeople’sbraincanberewiredtoconnectauditoryregiontovisualregion.DBlindpeople’sbrainpowergoestowasteandtheycannotunderstandultrafastspeecheither.第4题Whyblindpeopleseemtohavesuperhumanpowersofhigh-speedlisteningcomprehension?()AAlloftheblindpeople’scerebralcortexthatnormallyrespondstovisionwasrespondingtospeech.BAblindperson’sbrainrewiresitselftoconnectauditoryregionsofthebraintothevisualcortex.CAblindpersonhasextraordinarysenseofhearingandblazingspeed-reading.DBlindpeopleonlyusetherightvisualcortexwhichisspecializedforprocessinglow-frequencyinformation.第5题WhichofthefollowingmayNOTprovethatthetimewhenapersonlosessightislikelytobecriticalinrewiringbrainregionscontrollinghearing?()ABlindmusiciansmayexcelinmusicbecauseoftheirhighlydevelopedsenseofhearing.BThevisualcortexofthepeoplewhoarebornblindiscompletelyunresponsivetoanyauditoryorvisualstimulation.CPeoplewholosesightlateinlifearelessabletorewiretheirbrains.DYoungerpeoplewholosesightmayreroutetheconnectionstoprocessauditoryinformation.3.8.3Cloze第1题SoonafterIfinishedmysurgicaltraining,Iworkedwithayoungdoctorwhowas___1__notonlyforhisclinicalskillsbutalsoforhisdevotiontopatients.Hewaslargeandpowerfully___2__butneverseemedtoloomoverhispatients,miraculously___3__downtotheireyelevelwheneverhespokewiththem.Helistened___4__

toeverydetailoftheirtravailandalwaysendedthevisitbyaskingiftheystillhadanyunansweredquestions.OneafternoonIwassurprisedtoseehimatanursingstation,hismassivearmsgesticulatingashe___5__toanurseaboutonepatient’sfamily.Thepatientwasdying,andtheyoungdoctorhadorganizedameetingwiththefamilytotalkabout___6__life-supportmachinesandmedicationsandstartingcomfortmeasures.Thefamilyhadspenttheentiremeetingaskingquestionsbutthenrefusedtomakeanydecisionsorwithdrawanytreatments.“Ispentallthistimetellingthemwecouldcontinueto___7__painontheirlovedoneorwecouldmakehimcomfortable,”hesaid,hishandsstillmoving.“Itoldthemsufferingorcomfort-itwastheirdecision.Butintheend,theymadenodecisionandjustwalkedrightoutoftheroom.”Thewaydoctorsandpatientsapproachmedicaldecisionshaschangedsharplyoverthelast50years.Forgenerations,thesedecisionswerethe___8__purviewofdoctors;andpatients,iftheyparticipated,oftenhadlittle___9__inthefinalchoice.Butthatpaternalisticdecision-makingprocessbegantochangeinthelate1960sand1970s,asmovementscallingforpatient___10__grewandmedicalethicistsbeganarticulatingprinciplesregardingtheethicalcareofpatients.AfamousBimpressiveCgoodDmiraculous第2题AbodyBfigureCbuiltDshape第3题AcomingBshrinkingClettingDsitting第4题AintentlyBpenitentlyCattentivelyDalternatively第5题AcompliedBcomputedCconformedDcomplained第6题AcompletingBunderstandingCwithdrawingDcleaning第7题AinflictBfillCconflictDcomplete第8题AonlyBexclusiveCinclusiveDgeneral第9题AspeakBspeakingCsayDsaying第10题AempowermentBpowerCrightDendowment4.8.1Multiplechoice第1题Informed________shouldbeobtainedfromallparticipantsbeforethestudybeginsinaccordancewiththeguidelinesoftheinstitutionalethicalcommittee.AcontentionBcontentCconsentDtension第2题Adisadvantageofthebodymassindexisthatthereisno_________betweenfatandleanbodymass.AsimilarityBdistinctionCoverlapDrestriction正确答案：B第3题Traininghealthprofessionalsinhowtoconveyall__________informationaboutphysicalactivitytotheirpatientsiscriticalforhealthpromotion.AfundamentalBpermanentCcomplimentaryDsubjective第4题Takingintoaccounttheheavyburden__________uponthepatients,theuseofexpensivediagnosticexaminationsshouldbekepttotheminimum.AsaddledBimplementedCdistributedDimposed第5题Itwouldbehardto__________ofwhattheworldwouldlooklikewithoutthediscoveryofantibiotics.AconstructBconceiveCconductDdistinguish第6题Amongmanyobligations,theprincipal___________ofthestudyisresponsibleformaintainingtheaccuracyoftheinformationontheregisteredtrial.AspectatorBcommentatorCinvestigatorDassistant第7题Hospitalstayhasbeensignificantlydecreasedforpatentswho___________minimallyinvasi