2026年24考研英语一试卷及答案

2026年24考研英语一试卷及答案

一、单项选择题，20分1.Thenewlyelecteddirectorpromisedtokeeptheshareholdersfully______ofanyfurtherchangesintheinvestmentportfolio.A.informedB.informingC.informD.toinform2.Notuntilthelate18thcentury______thedistinctionbetweenbiologyandmedicineasseparateacademicdisciplines.A.didscholarsfullyrecognizeB.scholarsfullyrecognizedC.scholarshadfullyrecognizedD.hadscholarsfullyrecognized3.Theresearchteamisconductingalongitudinalstudytodeterminewhetherearlymusicaltrainingaffects______cognitivedevelopmentinchildren.A.lateB.laterC.latterD.lately4.Thecourtruledthatthedefendant’sconfessionwas______andthereforeinadmissibleasevidence.A.coerciveB.coercedC.coercionD.coercing5.Inherlatestnoveltheauthor______thereader’sattentionbyalternatingbetweenfirst-personandomniscientnarration.A.manipulatesB.manufacturesC.manifestsD.manumits6.Theeconomistarguedthatagradualriseininterestrateswouldbeless______tofinancialmarketsthanasuddenhike.A.detrimentB.detrimentalC.deterredD.deterrence7.Thepaleontologist’sdiscoverywas______significantthatitoverturnedacentury-oldassumptionaboutdinosaurmetabolism.A.tooB.veryC.soD.such8.Thecommittee’sreportrecommendsthateverylaboratory______asafetyauditatleastonceayear.A.undergoesB.undergoC.underwentD.undergoing9.Thephilosopherassertsthatmoralresponsibilitypresupposes______freedom,anotionthatdeterministsreject.A.incompatibleB.incoherentC.incompatibilistD.incalculable10.Themergeragreementcontainsaclausethateitherpartymay______thedealifregulatoryapprovalisnotobtainedwithintwelvemonths.A.resignB.retractC.rescindD.restore二、填空题，20分11.Theword“photosynthesis”isformedbycombiningtheGreekroot“photo”meaninglightand“synthesis”meaning______.12.Inphonetics,theconsonantsound/θ/inEnglishisclassifiedasvoiceless______fricative.13.Thenarrativedeviceinwhichtheaudienceknowsmorethanthecharactersiscalled______.14.TheLatinphrase“ceterisparibus”istranslatedintoEnglishas“allelsebeing______”.15.Intransformationalgrammar,theoperationthatmovesanelementtothefrontofaclauseistermed______movement.16.Therhetoricalfigurethatrepeatsthesamewordorphraseatthebeginningofsuccessiveclausesisknownas______.17.TheOxfordEnglishDictionarycitestheearliestattestedoccurrenceoftheword“internet”intheyear______.18.Themetricalfootconsistingofoneunstressedsyllablefollowedbyonestressedsyllableiscalledan______.19.Thesemanticrelationshipbetween“buy”and“sell”isoneof______opposition.20.Inpragmatics,themaximviolatedwhenaspeakergivesmoreinformationthanrequiredisthemaximof______.三、判断题，20分21.Shakespeare’sHamletcontainsexactlyfiveactsandfollowstheclassicalunitiesoftime,place,andaction.22.Thevoicedalveolarflapisanallophoneof/t/inAmericanEnglishinintervocalicpositions.23.Theword“unhappiness”containsthreemorphemes.24.InEnglish,theschwaneveroccursinstressedsyllables.25.Thefigureofspeechthatcomparestwounlikethingswithoutusing“like”or“as”issimile.26.TheGreatVowelShiftprimarilyaffectedconsonantphonemesinMiddleEnglish.27.Thesubjunctivemoodismorphologicallydistinctinthethird-personsingularpresentoftheverb“tobe”inmodernEnglish.28.Theterm“register”insociolinguisticsreferstothelanguagevarietyassociatedwiththespeaker’sregionalorigin.29.Theword“data”ishistoricallythepluralformof“datum”.30.Theminimalpair“ship/sheep”demonstratesacontrastinvowellengthandquality.四、简答题，20分31.Explainthedifferencebetween“theme”and“rheme”infunctionalsentenceperspectiveandillustratewithanexample.32.DescribetheprocessofaffricationandprovideoneEnglishexample.33.StatetwolinguisticcriteriathatdistinguishlexicalverbsfromauxiliaryverbsinEnglish.34.OutlinethecooperativeprincipleproposedbyGriceandidentifyoneofitsmaxims.五、讨论题，20分35.DiscusstheextenttowhichEnglishcanbeconsideredastress-timedlanguageandaddresscounterargumentsbasedonrecentphoneticevidence.36.EvaluatetheclaimthatdigitalcommunicationisacceleratinggrammaticalsimplificationincontemporaryEnglish.37.Examinetheideologicalimplicationsofusingsingular“they”inofficialdocuments.38.AssesstheinfluenceofNormanFrenchonthedevelopmentofEnglishsynonymy,providingillustrativeexamples.答案与解析一、1A2A3B4B5A6B7C8B9C10C二、11puttingtogether/composition12dental13dramaticirony14equal15wh-16anaphora17197418iamb19converse20quantity三、21F22T23T24T25F26F27T28F29T30T四、31Themeisthestartingpointoftheclause,theelementaboutwhichthepredicationismade;rhemeistheremainderthataddsnewinformation.In“Thebook(theme)waswrittenbyOrwell(rheme),”themessageunfoldsfromgiventonew.32Affricationisaphonologicalprocessinwhichastopandafricativemergeintoasingleaffricatephoneme;Englishexample:the/t/in“truck”maybeaffricatedto[tʃ]inrapidspeech.33(1)Lexicalverbscanstandaloneasmainverbsinsimplesentences(“Sheruns”),whereasauxiliariesmustco-occurwithamainverb(“Sheisrunning”).(2)Lexicalverbsshowfullrangeoftenseandaspectmarking,whileauxiliariesexhibitNICEproperties(negation,inversion,code,emphasis).34Grice’scooperativeprincipleholdsthatparticipantsintalkexchangemaketheircontributionssuchasisrequired,atthestageatwhichitoccurs,bytheacceptedpurposeordirectionofthetalkexchange.Onemaximisthemaximofquality:donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.五、35Englishhastraditionallybeenlabeledstress-timedbecausestressedsyllablestendtorecuratregularintervals,withunstressedsyllablescompressed.However,recentinstrumentalstudiesshowthatintervaldurationvariabilityishigh,andsyllabletimingeffectsemergeincertaincontexts,suggestingamixedratherthanpurestress-timedrhythm.36Digitalgenresfavorbrevityandspeed,encouragingellipsis,reducedsubordination,andinnovativecontractions.Yetcorpusevidencerevealsparallelstabilityineditedonlineprose,indicatingthatsimplificationisgenre-specificratherthanlanguage-wid