2026届湖南长沙市下学期高三开学大联考英语试卷

2026届湖南长沙市下学期高三开学大联考英语试卷一、阅读理解ViennaCityMarathon—2026RegistrationTheViennaCityMarathonisanannualeventheldinVienna,Austriasince1984.Startingwithfewerthan800participantsin1984,itisnowAustria’slargestroadrunningeventwithover30,000participantstakingpartinthetwo-dayraces.Theeventisspreadover2daysandincludesMarathon,HalfMarathon,MarathonTeamRelay,etc.

EventsMarathonHalfMarathonMarathonTeamRelayDistance42.2km21.1km42.2kmFees€135€105€220DetailsVenue:ViennaSportsWorld,MarxHalle,Karl-Farkas-Gasse19,1030ViennaDate:Apr.17&Apr.18;Timings:9am-7pm.ParentalapprovalisrequiredforparticipationinMarathon(ifapplicantisaged16&17years)andHalfMarathon(ifapplicantisaged14&15years).ImportantPoints·Changeofdistance:Runnerscanchangefrommarathontohalfmarathondistanceduringtheracewithoutpriornotice.Atthefinishlinetheywillreceiveahalfmarathonmedalandwillbelistedinthehalfmarathonresults.However,thereisnorefund(退款)oftheentryfeedifference.Onthecontrary,itisnotpossibletoswitchfromthehalfmarathontothemarathon.·Dualeventparticipation:Participantscanrunboththehalfmarathon/marathonalongwithrelaymarathonaslongastheyhaveregisteredforbotheventsandarewearingbothbibs(号码布).·Aidstations:Therewouldbestaffedrefreshmentpoints/aidstationswithwaterandsportsdrinkevery5km,from15kmonwards.Bananaswouldalsobeavailable.ContactInformationWebsite:www.vienna-marathon.comEmail:office@1.What’srequiredofa17-year-oldrunnerparticipatingintheMarathon?

A．Payingadditionalfees.B．Gettingparents’permission.C．Submittingthereportcard.D．Fillinginanextraregistrationform.2.Howmuchwillateenagerpayatleastfortheevent?

A．€135.B．€67.5.C．€220.D．€105.3.Whatcanaparticipantdoduringtherace?

A．Weartwobibsatthesametime.B．Receivearefundforregistration.C．Changefromhalfmarathontomarathon.D．Getwaterfromastationat10kmpoint.WhenAnneandDudleyO’Sullivandecidedtofinallydownsize(精减)attheageof89,theyweresurprisedthatthehardestpartwassayinggoodbyetotheirbelovedbookcollection.“Wehadthousandsofbookswehadcollectedovertheyears.Gettingridofsomewashard.Choosingwhattotakewasthebiggestdecision,”saysAnne.Withanageingpopulation,the“downsizingdilemma”isoneconfrontingthousandsofolderAustraliansatthemoment—adifficultdecisionthatinvolvessayinggoodbyetoafamilyhomethatcontainsmemoriesineveryroom.FortheSydneycoupletheyweren’tforcedtomove—therewasnourgenthealthcrisisoremergency.Butinsteadofwaitingforone,theymadethechoicetodownsizeintoindependentlivingbeforecircumstancestookthedecisionawayfromthem.“Weknewwedidn’tneedthelargespacewehadinouroldhouse.Wejustdecideditwastimetomove.Thehousewewereinmetallourneedsatthetime,butwearenothavingbigpartiesoranythinganymoresothat’smainlywhywewereready,”saysDudley.ForAnneandDudley,thedecisiontomoveinto“TheGrovebyElysium”,anewbenchmark(标杆)forseniorlivingwhichpresentsalifestylethatpromotesindependenceandactivelivinginasafeandsecureenvironment,wasaneasyone.Theycouldseetheirnewapartmentfromthebackbalconyoftheirexistinghouse.Evenwhenthedecisionisclear,theprocessoflettinggoisrarelysimple.TheirhomewasfilledwithitemsthatheldsentimentalvaluefromDudley’smother’s1927diningtabletofurniturepasseddownfromfamily.“Someofitwepasseddowntoourgrandchildren.Oneofourgranddaughtershastheolddiningtablenow,”saysAnne.SincemovingintoElysium,lifehasbecomeeasierandmoreenjoyableforthem.“Livinginasmallerspace,itissoeasytokeepclean.Wedon’thavetodoanymaintenance(维护).Ifanythinggoeswrong,wejustcallsomebodytocomeandfixit,”Annesays.4.Whatusuallytroublespeopleina“downsizingdilemma”?

A．Gettingridoflimitations.B．Livingawayfromrelatives.C．Partingwiththeolditems.D．Adaptingtoanewenvironment.5.WhydidAnneandDudleydecidetomove?

A．Topursuelargerlivingspace.B．Toescapeaseverehealthcrisis.C．Tomakeiteasiertoholdparties.D．Toliveanindependentlaterlife.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sentimental”meaninparagraph4?

A．Practical.B．Emotional.C．Economical.D．Recreational.7.What’sAnne’stonelikeinthelastparagraph?

A．Concerned.B．Curious.C．Satisfied.D．Ambitious.Inspiredbybutterflywings,ateamofGermanresearchershavedevelopedanewkindofroboticwingsthatcanworkusingonlymagneticfields(磁场).ThenewwingscreatedbytheTechnicalUniversityofDarmstadtresearchersneednobatteriesorelectronics.Theresearchersdrewinspirationfromtheremarkableefficiencyandendurance(持久力)ofmonarchbutterflies,knowntohaveincrediblylongmigrationsbetweenCanadaandMexico.Everyautumn,millionsofMonarchbutterfliesstarta3,000-milejourneyfromtheirNorthAmericanbreedinggroundstothewarmerclimateofsouthwesternMexicoforthewinter.Thesenewroboticwingsachieveenergy-efficientflightbycombiningmovementwithpassivebending,whichwasrarelycopiedoutsidethenaturalworld.Theteam,ledbyProfessorOliverGutfleischandDr.DenysMakarov,usedacombinationofflexibleplasticfixedwithtinymagneticparticles(颗粒)tobuildthewings.Theteamfoundthatthemagneticparticles,whenexposedtoexternalmagneticfields,causedthewingstobendinamannersimilartothatofbutterflies.Achievingthedesireddesignprovedchallenging;however,aftertestingfewerthan12differentdesigns,theteamcoulddevelopwingsstrikinglysimilartothosethatevolvedinbutterflies.Lookingahead,thesenewwingscouldhaveawiderangeofapplications.Onecouldbeenvironmentalresearchinwhichwingedrobotsmonitorpollinatorpopulationsormeasureairquality.Theycouldalsobehelpfulindisasters,withtheirsmall,energy-efficientdesignenablingrobotstonavigatedangerousareasforsearchandrescueoperations.Theteamalsopointedoutthatthenewdesigncouldalsobereadilyadaptedformedicalsciences.Theprincipleofusingmagneticparticlesinthiswaycouldalsoopendoorsfordevelopingnewkindsofartificialmusclesorotherinnovativematerialsthatcanchangeshapeondemand.Whiletheroboticwingscurrentlyrelyonexternalmagneticfieldstochangeshape,theteamisoptimisticaboutintegratingman-mademagneticfieldgeneratorsintofutureupgradesofthetechnology.“Weplantoexplorewhatchangestomagneticfieldscanenablemorecomplexmovementsandcontrol,”explainedMuhammadBilalKhan,anotherleadauthor.8.What’sthedrivingpoweroftheroboticwings?

A．Theairpressure.B．Themagneticfield.C．Therechargeablebattery.D．Theelectronicmotor.9.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytalkabout?

A．Thepotentialoftheroboticwings.B．Challengesfacingtheresearchteam.C．Theworkingprincipleoftherobots.D．Uncertaintiesindevelopingroboticwings.10.Whatdoesthelastparagraphimplyabouttheroboticwings?

A．Theyshouldstilldependonoutsidemagneticfields.B．Theiruseisstrictlylimitedtoenvironmentalmonitoring.C．Theyareexpectedtooperateincontrolledmagneticfields.D．Theirnewversionswillfunctionaswellashumanmuscles.11.Whichisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．TheMonarchButterfly’s3,000-MileJourneyB．RoboticsTakingWingsThankstoButterfliesC．ButterfliesRelyonMagneticFieldsforFlightD．ButterflyWingsHoldCluestoNaturalAdaptationWhatisart?Cavepaintingsareoftencalledthefirstartevermade.However,it’spossiblethepeoplewhocreatedthepaintingsthoughtofthemasmysteriousandpowerful,quitedifferentfromartaswethinkofittoday.In13th-and14th-centuryEurope,peopleusuallythoughtofartistslikeworkersorcraftspeoplebecausetheyusedtheirhandstomakethings.Itwasn’tuntilthe15thand16thcenturies,knownastheRenaissanceinEurope,thatartistsbegantoseethemselvesascreators,notjustcraftsmen.Abigchangehappenedin1436whenamannamedLeonBattistaAlbertiwroteafamousbookcalledOnPainting,whichclaimedthatartwasjustasimportantaspoetryandscience.Peoplestartedtothinkmoreaboutartistsasspecialindividuals.Artbegantobedividedintotwogroups.Thefirstwascalledthe“finearts”,whichincludedpainting,sculptureanddrawing.Thesewereseenasmoreimportantbecausetheyexpressedbigideasandemotions.Thesecondgroupwascalledthe“decorativearts”,likeglass-making,wood-carvingandbookdecorations.Thesewerethoughttobelessimportantbecausetheyweremoreaboutlookingniceorbeinguseful.Inthelate19thcentury,peoplestartedtolikethedecorativeartsmore,becauseartistswantedtofocusonhandmadethingsinsteadoffactory-madeitems.Butpaintingwasstillseenasanimportantkindofart.Then,in1914,aFrenchartistnamedMarcelDuchampchangedhowpeoplethoughtaboutart.Hestartedusingeverydayobjectsandturningthemintoartjustbychoosingthemandsigningthem.HismostfamousartwascalledFountain—itwasactuallyatypeoftoiletthathesignedwithafakename,“R.Mutt”,andtriedtoputinanartshowinNewYorkin1917.Duchampsaidthatpickinganordinaryobjectandcallingitartwasenoughtomakeitart,becausetheartistmadethechoice.Duchamphelpedchangeartbyshowingthatitisn’tjustaboutpaintingormakingstatues—it’salsoaboutideas.12.WhatwasthesignificanceofOnPainting?

A．Itgavepaintinganewdirection.B．Itintroducedanewformofpoetry.C．Itenhancedthestatusofartists.D．ItmadeBattistaAlbertiwell-known.13.Whathappenedinthelate19thcentury?

A．Thevalueoffineartsdeclined.B．Theenthusiasmforpaintingfaded.C．Factory-madeitemshadnomarket.D．Decorativeartsbecamefashionable.14.WhywasFountainconsideredanartpieceaccordingtoDuchamp?

A．Itwasprettyanduseful.B．Itwasahandmadeobject.C．Ithadanartisticappearance.D．Itwaschosenbytheartist.15.Whatisthetextcenteredon?

A．Thethinkingaboutart.B．Theclassificationofartworks.C．Theimpactofmasterpieces.D．Thesourceofartist’sinspiration.Findingtherightbalancebetweenscreentimeandotherenrichingactivitiescanbedifficult,especiallywiththeappealofinteractivestories.Thekeyistothinkofthesestoriesasawaytostirupnewinterests.Herearesometipsforbalancingscreentimewithinteractivestorylearning.SettingClearBoundariesJustlikewithanyotheractivity,settingclearboundariesaroundscreentimeisessential.Apredictableroutinecanhelpyourchildunderstandexpectationsandavoidpowerstruggles.Considersettingspecifictimesforinteractivestorysessions,andsticktothem.1617Notallscreentimeiscreatedequal.Lookforinteractivestoriesthatareage-appropriate,educational,andengaging.Theycanofferalibraryofpersonalizedstoriesthataredesignedtoimproveliteracyskillsandsparkimagination.MakingItaSharedExperienceInteractivestoriescanbeawonderfulwaytoconnectwithyourchild.Insteadofsimplyhandingthemadevice,sitdowntogetherandreadthestoryaloud.18Askopen-endedquestionstoencouragecriticalthinking.ExtendingtheLearningOfflineTherealmagichappenswhenyouextendthelearningoffline.Afterreadinganinteractivestoryaboutanimals,visitthezoooralocalfarm.Afterreadingastoryaboutspace,visitaplanetarium(天文馆)orbuildarocketshiptogether.19ModelingHealthyHabits20Bemindfulofyourownscreentimehabitsandmodelthebehavioryouwanttoseeinyourchild.Whenyouprioritizetimeforreadingandconnectingwithothers,yousendapowerfulmessagethattheseactivitiesareimportant.

A．EmbracingNewActivitiesB．ChoosingQualityContentC．Youcanconnectthedigitalworldtotherealone.D．Talkaboutthecharacters,theplot,andthethemes.E．Parentingisn’taboutperfection,it’saboutprogress.F．Childrenlearnbywatchingtheadultsintheirlives.G．Visualtimerscanbeahelpfultoolforyoungerchildren.二、完形填空WhileplayingattheZed&CoFree-rangeFarmsinVictoria,southeastAustralia,thefarmer’sdaughterandherfriendsheardastrangenoise._________,theylookedarounduntiltheyrealizedthatthenoisewascomingfromundertheirfeet.Soon,theylearnedthatitwasababylamb_________inapipe.Somehow,ababylambhad_________intoadrainingpipe(排水管)andgotstuck.Insteadof_________,however,thelambpusheddeeperanddeeperintothepipeuntilitwasliterally_________inthemiddleofthefield._________,thegirlswerearoundtohearthecriesofhelpfromthelittleanimal.Grabbingtheirparents,a_________operationsoonbegan.Usingacircularsaw(圆锯),theadults_________intotheblackplastictube.Sincethepipewassosmall,theyhadtobecarefulnotto_________thelambduringtherescue.Tryingashardastheycould,theyfinallyopenedtheplastictubeenoughto__________insidethedarkpipe.“Icanseeit...it’sstillalive...it’sblack,”thechildrensaidina__________commentary(实况报道)duringtherescueoperation.Finally,thesheepwastakenoutbyoneofthechildrenwhohadastrong__________tosavethelittlesheep.Withinmomentsyoucouldhearallthekidsaskingfortheir__________toholdthelittlecreature.Atlastthelittleblacksheepwas__________!Wetbutstillwarm.Operation“SaveLamb”wasdeclareda__________.21.A．ShockedB．AnnoyedC．ConfusedD．Delighted22.A．hiddenB．trappedC．shelteredD．delivered23.A．wanderedB．lookedC．rushedD．knocked24.A．hurryingupB．givingupC．catchingupD．backingup25.A．lostB．buriedC．settledD．banned26.A．GenerallyB．InitiallyC．FranklyD．Thankfully27.A．searchB．militaryC．rescueD．training28.A．cutB．fittedC．launchedD．jumped29.A．awakeB．disturbC．restrictD．harm30.A．cleanB．monitorC．seeD．attack31.A．casualB．criticalC．similarD．continuous32.A．featureB．desireC．influenceD．position33.A．turnB．honorC．choiceD．award34.A．luckyB．aliveC．contentD．free35.A．trickB．signalC．successD．miracle三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ithasbeen10yearssinceXueying601,China’sfirstpolarfixed-wingplane,36(official)commenced(开始)serviceinChina’spolarexpedition.TheaircrafthasconductedeightAntarcticexpeditiontasks,operatedformorethan1,100daysandflownforover2,500hours,with37totalvoyagedistanceof800,000kilometers.InJanuary2016,itflewovertheKunlunStation,China’ssouthernmostresearchstationinAntarctica,atalowaltitude,38obtainedvaluableflightdataontakeoffandlandingunderhigh-altitudeplateauconditions.Oneyearlater,itsuccessfullytookoffandlandedatthestation,39(locate)atanaltitudeofmorethan4,000meters,settinganewrecord.“We40(acquire)scientificobservationdatacoveringmorethan200,000kmthroughXueying601forthepast10years,”saidCuiXiangbin,headoftheZhongshanStation.ThedatacollectionrangecoverskeyregionsinEastAntarctica,includingPrincessElizabethLand,41theGroveMountainsarelocated.Thankstothehigh-precisionscientificinstrumentsontheplane,aseriesofresearch42(achieve)havebeenmade.Thesefindingsprovide43(significance)supportforscientistsstudyingsubglacial(冰川下的)environments,theimpactoficesheetstabilityonsealevelchange,andfor44(conduct)numericalsimulations(数值模拟)ofpastandfutureicesheetdynamics.Inthefuture,this“PolarEagle”willcontinuetousescienceandtechnologyasitswings45(contribute)China’sscientificstrengthtoglobalpolarscientificresearch.四、书信写作46.假定你是李华，是学校文学社团TheFutureVoices的负责人，社团打算请你校的外教Mr.Hansen推荐一份外国文学作品的阅读书单。请你给他写一封信件，内容包括：1.表明目的；2.对推荐书单的要求。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMr.Hansen,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua五、书面表达47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Thebellabovethebakerydoorsounded,markingtheendofanotherlongday.Six-year-oldAnawatchedhermother,Elena,wipeflour-dustedhandsonherapron(围裙)—thesamefadedblueonesheworeeveryday.Hermother’sdress,asimplegreyshiftwashedthinattheelbows,wasasconstantasthesunrise.TomorrowwasMama’sbirthday.Asecret,heavywithlove,satinAna’schest.Mamaneverboughtclothesforherself.Hergiftswerethewarmbreadonthetable,thequietmendingofAna’ssocks,andthegentlesongshehummedwhilemakingbread.Ana’sbiggestwishwastowrapherloveinsomethingbeautiful:anewdress,thecoloroftheskyjustafterdawn.Butcoinswereforflourandeggs,notfordreams.AsElenalockedthedoor,anideastartedtoformandgrowinAna’smind.Shewouldgrowhergift,likethesee