江西省赣州市高三下学期二模英语试题含听力

赣州市学年度高三适应性考试英语试卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdidthespeakerstake?A.Abike. B.Ataxi. C.Abus.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Abikewouldhavesolvedtheproblem.W:Yeah,butwedidn’tknowitwassonearM:Well,ataxiwasstillworthwhile.Afterall,wesavedtime,right?W:You’reright.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthemandoing?A.Buyingaticket. B.Choosingahotel. C.Bookingatable.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Doyouhaveatablefortwothisevening?W:Certainly,sir.Whattimeareyouinghere?M:Whendoesthebandstartplaying?W:At8o’clock,sir.M:Makeit7:30then,andnearthedancefloorifpossible.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.SheisfreeexceptThursdays.B.Shecan’tworkonTuesdays.C.Shecanonlyworkonweekdays.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Doyouofferaparttimejobinyourrestaurant?M:Yes,wejustneedawaitress.Canyouworkintheeveningfrom6o’clockto10o’clock?W:Oh,itsuiTuesdays.M:That’sgreat.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdoesthewomansound?A.Pleased. B.Annoyed. C.Surprised.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Doyoumindbuyingapackofcigarettesonthewaytowork?W:Ohdear,whenwillyoustopyoursmoking?M:IwillwheneverIcan.W:Youalwayssaythat,butyounevertry.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whathappenedtothewoman’sdaughter?A.Shegotill. B.Shearrivedlate. C.Shewenthungry.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Ray.I’msorrytobotheryouatsuppertime.M:Oh,Judy,itdoesn’tmatter.Wejustfinishedeating.Won’tyouein?W:Ican’t.MylittlegirlEmilyhasedownwithahighfever.M:Oh,sorrytohearthat.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分;满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Teacherandstudent. B.Doctorandpatient. C.Bossandsecretary.7.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Takeawalk. B.Gotowork. C.Restathome.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorning,Mrs.Adams.Howareyoutoday?W:Oh,notverywell.I’vecaughtabadcold.M:Haveyougotatemperature?W:Yes,I’vegotafever.M:Areyoucoughing?W:Yes,especiallyatnight.It’squitebadthen.AndIcan’tgotosleep.M:Oh,Isee.Icanunderstandthat.Um,Ithinkyou’vegottheflu.Isuggestyoushouldnotgotowork,andtakethismedicineonceeveryfourhours.W:WhatelseshouldIdo?M:Drinkmorewaterandhaveagoodrest.W:OK.Thankyou.Goodbye!M:Goodbye!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Howmuchwillthewomanpayintotal?A.120cents. B.105cents. C.90cents.9.WhatistheproblemwiththebusNo.14?A.Itisunderrepair. B.Ittakesanotherroute. C.Itisoftendelayed.【答案】8.A9.C【解析】原文】W:Excuseme,doesthebusNo.4gobytheshoppingcenter?M:No,itdoesn’t.ButyoucantransferfromthisbustothebusNo.14.W:Howmuchisthecost?M:Seventyfivecentsforyouandthirtycentsforyourchild.W:Willitcostforthetransfer?M:Yes,whenyougetonthetransferbus,youwillonlyhavetopayanothertencentsandfivecentsforyourkid.W:Oh,butwhyhasn’tite?Ihavewaitedhereforhalfanhour.M:Don’tworry.Becauseacrossbridgeisunderconstructiononitsroute,itisoftenbehindschedulethesedays.W:OK,Iknow.Thankyou.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatistheman’sdutyiftheequipmentbreaksdown?A.Informingthemanager. B.Repairingithimself. C.Checkingtheline.11.Whatdoesthemandoafterassigningtasks?A.Prepareareport. B.Monitorthemachine. C.Reviewthework.12.Howmanymaindutiesdoestheman’sjobinvolve?A.2. B.3. C.4.【答案】10.A11.C12.B【解析】【原文】W:Andwhatarethemajorduties?M:Well,firstlytoensurethatourpackagingworkmeetswiththerequirements.Forthat,weneedtohavetheequipmentoperatingproperly.W:Whalydoyoumean?M:Well,ifonepartoftheequipmentisn’tworkingproperly,thenitshouldbereportedtome,andIreportittotheplantmanager.W:So,tomonitortheequipment.Whatelse?M:I’malsoinchargeofthepackagingteam.Iinstructthemaboutwhattodo.ThenIassigndifferenttaskstothemonthepackagingline,andofcourseIreviewtheirworktoensureitmeetsthespecifications.W:So,letmejustgooverthosepointsagain.Firstly,it’syourjobtoinstructthepackagingteamaboutwhattodo.M:Yes,that’sright.W:Thenyoualsohavetoassigndifferenttaskstothem—wheretheyaretoworkontheline.M:Yes.W:Andthenyou’realsoresponsibleforreviewingtheirworktoensureitmeetsthespecifications.M:Yes,that’saboutit.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whatisthewoman?A.Apostofficeclerk. B.Aglassesshopworker. C.Adeliverydriver.14.Whatdoesthemancareaboutmost?A.Theweightofthepackage. B.Thecostofmailing. C.Thespeedofdelivery.15.Whatwasinthebox?A.Anumberofstamps. B.Asetofglasses. C.Alotofpapers.16.Whatdidthemanforgettowrite?A.Thecontactname. B.Thephonenumber. C.Thereturnaddress.【答案】13.A14.C15.B16.C【解析】【原文】W:CanIhelpyou,sir?M:Yes,I’dliketomailthisboxtoBeijing.Howmuchwillitbeandhowlongwillittake?W:It’salightbox.Itwillcost$2byordinarydeliveryandtakeaboutthreeorfivedays.M:That’stooslow.Canitbefaster?W:Yeah,youcansenditbyexpressdeliveryanditwillarriveonlyinoneday.Butit’salittleexpensive.Youshouldpaytwicemorethanordinarydelivery.M:Itdoesn’tmatter.Iwantittoarriveearlier.W:What’sinthebox?M:Asetofglasses.ArethereanyotherformsIneedtofilloutbecauseit’sgoingtobesenttoaforeigncountry?W:Yes,youhavetowriteclearlywhatisintheboxandthevalueonthepaper.M:OK,hereitis.W:Oh,youforgottoputareturnaddressonthisbox.It’snotarule,butweusuallyadvisepeopletofilloutaproperreturnaddress.M:OK,I’lldoitrightnow.Bytheway,Iwanttobuyten30centstamps.W:Well,hereareyourstamps.M:Thankyou.It’s$10.W:Hereisyourchangeandhaveaniceday.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.WhatdoweknowaboutNicholasMacMahon?A.Heisbeyondschoollevel.B.Heisonaspecialprogram.C.Heisatalanguageschool.18.WhendidNicholasbeginlearningFrench?A.Ateighteenmonths. B.Attheageofone. C.Attheageoftwo.19.WhydidNicholasleavethetwoschoolshetried?A.Hedidn’tfollowtherules.BHedidn’tliketheteachers.C.Hedidn’tenjoyschoolthere.20.WhatdidtheWestLondonInstitutedoforNicholas?A.Itprovidedhimwithspeciallessons.B.Itofferedhimnewspaperseveryday.C.Ittaughthimhowtoplaytheviolin.【答案】17.A18.C19.C20.A【解析】【原文】GoodmorningandweletotheBBCnewsspecial.Haveyoueverheardofafouryearoldcollegestudent?ButthisistrueofNicholasMacMahon,whoisnowstudyingatcollegebecauseheistoocleverforschool.Nicholasspokewellbeforehewasone.Ateighteenmonthshetooktelephonemessagesforhisparents.AttwohebegantolearnFrench.ThestrangethingaboutNicholasisthathetaughthimselftoreadbeforehecouldspeak.Hisparentsknewimmediatelythathecouldread.Whenhecouldspeak,hecorrectedtheirspelling.Hetriedtwodifferentschools,buthewasboredandunhappyandhisparentsdecidedthathecouldn’tstaythere.HisparentsdidnothaveenoughtimetopreparespeciallessonsforNicholas.TheMacMahonshadnoideawhattodowithhim.ThentheWestLondonInstituteofferedtohelp.Nicholasspendssomeofhistimethere,andalsostudiesathome.Hereadsanewspapereveryday,andhecanplaytheviolinwell.Hedoesn’thaveanysociallifeinschool.Nicholasisacleverchildandtheteacherswanttohelphimineveryway.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ASUMMERSTEMPROGRAMMEDesignedforstudentsaged1517withaBl+Englishlevel,oursummerprogramattheFacultyofScienceandTechnologyinvitesyoutoexploreingworldofSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics).Throughinteractivelearning,handsonexperiments,groupprojects,andtechnologyworkshops,youwillexplorecuttingedgeSTEMsubjects.Uponpletion,youwillbemoreequippedforupingstudiesandcareersinSTEMfields.Startyourjourneytobeeaskilledscientistorengineertoday!❈HighlightsPersonalizedGuidanceSmallclasssizesmeanmoreinteractionwithteachersandguides.Receiveindividualfeedbacktosharpenyouracademicandtechnicalabilities.FutureFocusedApproachBuildthethinkingskillsneededtoanalyzeproblemsinafastchangingworld.Explorerealworldchallengesthatreflectfuturetrendsinscienceandtechnology.SupportivePeermunityWorkwithstudentsfrom20+countriesongroupprojects.PracticeEnglishmunicationinsciencethemeddebates.FlexibleStudyOptionsChoosetheprogrammelengththatfitsyourgoalsandsummerplans.Startwitha2weekcoreprogrammetobuildessentialSTEMskills.Extendyourexperiencebyadding12extraweeksfordeeperexploration.❈CourseOptions&FeesCourseTypeStandardPrice(2Weeks)ExtraWeekFeeSTEMBasics£4,600£2,200AdvancedTech£5,100£2,500CodingMaster£5,500£3,000❈HowtoApplyApplyonline:visitstemsummer.uk.stemsummer.uk.SubmitacopyofyourEnglishlevelcertificate(e.g.IELTS,schoolreport).❈ContactusPhone:+44(0)123769780Email:21.Whatisthekeybenefitofattendingthisprogram?A.Replacementforschoolclasses. B.PreparationforSTEMcareers.C.Earninguniversityqualifications. D.WinningSTEMcontestmedals.22.Whichfeatureishighlightedintheprogram?A.Smallguidedworkshops. B.B1+Englishcertificates.C.Basicgrammarpractice. D.Analyticalthinkingtraining.23.Howmuchdoyoupayforanadvancedtechcourseforthreeweeks?A.£5,100 B.£7,300 C.£7,600 D.£8,500【答案】21.B22.D23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了面向1517岁学生的暑期STEM项目。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Uponpletion,youwillbemoreequippedforupingstudiesandcareersinSTEMfields.(完成该项目后，你将更有能力应对即将到来的STEM领域的学习和职业。)”可知，参加这个项目的关键好处是为STEM领域的职业生涯做准备。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Highlights部分中“Buildthethinkingskillsneededtoanalyzeproblemsinafastchangingworld.(培养在快速变化的世界中分析问题所需的思维能力。)”可知，该项目强调的特征是分析性思维训练。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据CourseOptions&Fees部分中第三行“AdvancedTech(高级技术)”和StandardPrice(2Weeks)对应的第三行“£5,100(5100英镑)”、和ExtraWeekFee对应的第三行“£2,500(2500英镑)”可知，高级技术课程两周的标准价格是5100英镑，额外一周的费用是2500英镑，所以三周的费用是5100+2500=7600英镑。故选C。BWinningtheT.S.EliotprizecameasashocktoAmericanpoetPeterGizzi.“Ihadzeroexpectations,”hesays.Infact,the65yearoldsayshealmostcriedwhenhisnamewasreadoutforhiscollectionFierceElegy.BorninMichiganin1959,GizzidelayedgoingtocollegeandinsteadjoinedamusicmunityinNewYork.Assomeonewhodidn’tgrowupinapoetryheavybackground,Gizziwasn’tsurprisedbysomecriticism.Evenhispersonalfavoritesare“outsiderpoets”.“Thepoetsthathaveinfluencedmearenottotallyunknown,butthey’redefinitelynotbigawardwinningpoetslikeLouiseGlück,”saidGizzi.PoetryfirstcameintoGizzi’slifeinheartbreakingcircumstanceswhenhisfatherdiedinaplanecrash.ItwaswhenhisbrotherMichael,alsoanotedpoet,wroteapiececalledRequieminMarch,thatmadeGizzirealizethepossibilitiesofwhatpoetrycoulddo.Herealizedpoetrywastheway.Alightcameonandhehasneverstoppedreadingsincethen.ManyofthepoemsinFierceElegytrytograspatwhatmightbebeyonddeath.ForGizzi,theelegy(挽歌)canbeatoolthathelpsustounderstandlifeinadeeperway.Italsoallowsustoseethesmalljoysthatposealife,andhowthosesmalljoysareactuallymassive.“Joyandsorrowshareaveryplexecosystem.Wecan’thaveonewithouttheother.Astheworldbeesconstantlyrenewed,it’salsoconstantlydying,”hesays.“Ibelievetheelegycantakeabrokenheartinafierceworldandtransformitintoafierceheartinabrokenworld.”GeorgeOppen,anAmericanObjectivistpoet,said:“Ilikeallthelittlewords:tree,house,hill.Thesearethewordsinwhichwelive.Gizzisaysmorebysayingless.Poemsareasmuchaboutwhat’snotthereaswhat’sthere,right?”24.WhatcanweinferaboutGizzifromparagraph2?A.Headmiredtheworksoffamouspoets. B.Hepreferredthetraditionalwayofpoetry.CHetookanunconventionalpathintopoetry. D.Hefollowedprofessionaladvicetobeapoet.25.WhatcausedGizzitorealizethepowerofpoetry?A.Hisfather’sdeath. B.ThecollectionFierceElegy.C.Hisliterarybackground. D.ThepoemRequieminMarch.26.HowdoesGizzidescribetherelationshipbetweenjoyandsorrow?A.Theyarecloselyconnected. B.Theyaremerelypersonal.C.Theyareconstantlychanging. D.Theyareoftenmisunderstood.27.WhatdoesGeorgeOppenthinkofGizzi’spoems?A.Brightandenergetic. B.Formalandemotional.C.Briefandmeaningful. D.Dramaticandpowerful.【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了美国诗人PeterGizzi的诗歌创作历程、其作品的特点以及他对诗歌的独特理解。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“BorninMichiganin1959,GizzidelayedgoingtocollegeandinsteadjoinedamusicmunityinNewYork.Assomeonewhodidn’tgrowupinapoetryheavybackground,Gizziwasn’tsurprisedbysomecriticism.Evenhispersonalfavoritesare“outsiderpoets”.“Thepoetsthathaveinfluencedmearenottotallyunknown,butthey’redefinitelynotbigawardwinningpoetslikeLouiseGlück,”saidGizzi.(1959年出生于密歇根州的吉齐推迟了上大学的时间，而是加入了纽约的一个音乐社区。作为一个没有在浓厚诗歌氛围中长大的人,吉兹对一些批评并不感到惊讶,就连他个人最喜欢的诗人也是“局外人”。对我有影响的诗人并非完全不为人知，但他们绝对不是像路易丝・格吕克那样的大奖得主)”可推知，Gizzi走上诗歌之路的方式不同寻常，没有遵循传统路径。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ItwaswhenhisbrotherMichael,alsoanotedpoet,wroteapiececalledRequieminMarch,thatmadeGizzirealizethepossibilitiesofwhatpoetrycoulddo.(正是他的兄弟迈克尔，也是一位著名的诗人，写了一首名为《三月的安魂曲》的诗，让吉齐意识到诗歌的可能性)”可知，是《三月的安魂曲》这首诗让Gizzi意识到诗歌的力量。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Joyandsorrowshareaveryplexecosystem.Wecan’thaveonewithouttheother.(欢乐和悲伤有着非常复杂的关系。两者缺一不可)”可知，Gizzi认为欢乐和悲伤是紧密相连的。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“GeorgeOppen,anAmericanObjectivistpoet,said:“Ilikeallthelittlewords:tree,house,hill.Thesearethewordsinwhichwelive.Gizzisaysmorebysayingless.Poemsareasmuchaboutwhat’snotthereaswhat’sthere,right?”(美国客观主义诗人乔治・奥本说：“我喜欢所有的小词：树、房子、山。这些是我们生活中的词汇。Gizzi说得少却意味深长。诗歌中没写出来的和写出来的同样重要，对吧？”)可推知，GeorgeOppen认为Gizzi的诗简洁而有意义。故选C。CImaginethis:Robinwalksacrossacollegecampusandseesamanfalldownontheground,coughingandcrying.WillRobinstoptohelp?YoumightthinkitdependsonRobin’spersonality.However,psychologistsLeeRossandRichardNisbettarguethatthesituationismoreimportantthanpersonalityinpredictingbehavior.IntheirbookThePersonandtheSituation,RossandNisbettsuggestthatourpersonalitiesarelessimportantinpredictingourbehaviorthanwemightthink,andapowerfulinfluenceonwhatwedo,oftenoverlooked,isthesituation.Forexample,intheearly1970s,psychologistsJohnDarleyandDanielBatsonconductedanexperimenton47malestudentsatPrinceton.Eachstudentwasaskedtogiveaspeechinanearbybuildingand,ontheway,encounteredanactorwhowasindeepsorrow.Theresultsshowedthatnopersonalitytrait(特点)couldpredictwhetherastudentstoppedtohelp.Theonlysignificantfactorwaswhetherthestudentwasinahurry.Only10percentofthoseinahurrystopped,while73percentofthosewithsufficienttimedid.Thisshowsthatthesituationmatters—apointworthrememberingwhenwejudgeothers.Similarly,italsoappliestoourownattemptsatpersonalchange.Manyofusmakeresolutionstochangeourways.Butoften,wefail,asweimaginechangingourselvesasaperson,ratherthanchangingoursituation.Wetellourselvestoeatbetterfood,drinklessandexercisemore.Butperhapsitwouldbebetterifwetoldourselvestosignupforaweeklyvegetableboxdelivery,andjoinarunningclubthatmeetsonFridayeveningsinsteadofgoingtothepub.Ifyoudon’twanttobedistractedbyyourphone,deletethemosttroublesomeapps.Inshort,ifwewanttoactdifferently,weshouldsurroundourselveswiththingsandpeoplethatencouragethedesiredbehavior.Bychangingoursituation,wemightfinditeasiertoachievetherealpersonalchange.28.WhydoestheauthormentionRobininthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainthedifficultyofmoralchoices. B.Toillustrateafeatureofcautiousbehavior.C.Toshowthebenefitofmakingresolutions. D.Tointroducethetopicofsituationalinfluence.29.Whatmattersmostinpredictingbehavioraccordingtotheresults?A.Timeurgency. B.Personalitytraits.C.Academicbackground. D.Genderdifferences.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuggestionoftheauthor?A.Promisingafriendtoeathealthily. B.Workingwithdisciplinedpeople.C.Repeatingthegoalsaloudeachnight. D.Listingreasonstoavoidsocialmedia.31.Whatisthebesttitlefor?A.WhatTrulyShapesOurPersonality. B.WhatReallyDrivesHumanBehavior.C.HowPeopleMakePracticalResolutions. D.HowValuesConflictinMoralDilemmas.【答案】28.D29.A30.B31.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了心理学家研究发现情境因素对人类行为的影响比个性更重要，并通过实验和实例进行了论证，最后提出通过改变情境来实现个人改变的建议。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“However,psychologistsLeeRossandRichardNisbettarguethatthesituationismoreimportantthanpersonalityinpredictingbehavior.(然而，心理学家李・罗斯和理查德・尼斯比特认为，在预测行为时，情境比个性更重要)”可知，作者提到罗宾是为了引出情境影响这一话题。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theonlysignificantfactorwaswhetherthestudentwasinahurry.Only10percentofthoseinahurrystopped,while73percentofthosewithsufficienttimedid.(唯一重要的因素是学生是否匆忙。匆忙的学生中只有10%停下来帮忙，而有足够时间的学生中有73%停下来帮忙)”可知，在预测行为时，时间紧迫性是最重要的因素。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inshort,ifwewanttoactdifferently,weshouldsurroundourselveswiththingsandpeoplethatencouragethedesiredbehavior.(简而言之，如果我们想有不同的行为，我们应该让自己周围环绕着鼓励理想行为的人和事)”可推知，作者会建议和自律的人一起工作。故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。文章开篇通过罗宾的例子引出情境对行为的影响，接着通过实验说明情境比个性更能影响行为，最后强调通过改变情境来实现个人行为的改变，所以文章主要探讨的是什么真正驱动了人类的行为。选项B“什么真正驱动了人类行为”为最佳标题，故选B。DElectricfishareinterestingcreaturesthat“see”theirworldandeachotherbysensing—andgeneratingtheirown—electricfields.ToKanakaRajan,aHarvardprofessor,thesefishofferanewwaytounderstandcollective(集体的)intelligence,whichmeanshowindividualsworktogethertoachievegoals.ShealsobelievesthattheirspecialabilitycaninspireresearchinNeuro(神经)AI,anewareathatstudieshowbothlivingthingsandmachinessensetheworldandprocessinformation.OnespeciesRajan’steamfocusesonistheelephantnosefish,whichuseselectricpulses(脉冲)tomunicateandfinditsway.Despitethesimplicityoftheirmunication,thesefishdisplaycooperativebehaviors,suchasguidingotherstofoodsources.Bystudyingtheseinteractions,researcherscanbetterunderstandthenatureofcooperationandpetition.Theseinsightsarecrucialfordevelopingmoreadaptiveartificialintelligencesystemswhichcanworktogethertosolveplexproblems.Tofurtherexploretheseideas,Rajan’steamusesartificialmodelsthatactlikeelephantnosefish.Thesemodelsallowthemtoexperimentwithdifferentfactors,likefoodavailability,toseehowcooperativeandpetingbehaviorsemergeindifferentcons.Theirresearchsuggeststhattheavailabilityoffoodinfluenceshowthefishinteractwithoneanother.Lessreliablefoodsourcesleadtomorepetitivebehaviors.Cooperationandpetitionaren’thardwiredintotheseartificialmodels.Rather,thesebehaviorsslowlyappearovermanygenerationsasthemodelsaretestedandchanged.Rajan’sresearchbridgesbiologyandtechnology,showinghownaturalsystemscaninspirenewadvancesinartificialintelligence.PrinciplesofcollectiveintelligencemayplayanimportantroleinhowindividualAIsystemsinteractandmunicate.Whenthesesystemsworktogetherasateam,theyshowpromiseforfaster,moreplex,andmoreadaptableproblemsolvingintech.OnlytimewilltellifsuchAlsystemsproveuseful,butinthemeantime,foundationalworkofthiskindiscastinglightonhowbothbiologicalandartificialsystemscanproducecollectiveintelligence.32.WhatisthemainpurposeofRajan’sresearch?A.Tostudygroupcooperationways. B.TosolveAInetworkproblems.C.TopareanimalswithAlsystems. D.Tocreateelectricfieldsforrobots.33.Whatdoweknowabouttheelephantnosefish?A.Itpetestocontrolfoodsources. B.Itadjustspulsesforspeedcontrol.C.Ituseselectricsignalsforteamwork. D.Itfindsitswaythroughvisualsystems.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hardwired”inparagraph3mean?A.Sentbysignals. B.Fixedbydesign.C.Changedbysurroundings. D.Programmedbyputers.35.HowcouldRajan’sresearchinfluencefutureAIsystems?A.BystrengtheningAlsensoryinputsystems.B.ByenhancingindividualAlprocessingspeeds.C.BydevelopingAImodelswithnaturalselection.D.ByenablingAIteamstosolveproblemstogether.【答案】32.A33.C34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哈佛大学教授卡纳卡・拉詹以电鱼为研究对象，探索集体智能的相关研究。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“ToKanakaRajan,aHarvardprofessor,thesefishofferanewwaytounderstandcollective(集体的)intelligence,whichmeanshowindividualsworktogethertoachievegoals.(对哈佛大学教授卡纳卡·拉詹（KanakaRajan）来说，这些鱼提供了一种理解集体智力的新方法，集体智力指的是个体如何协同工作以实现目标。)”以及第二段“Bystudyingtheseinteractions,researcherscanbetterunderstandthenatureofcooperationandpetition.(通过研究这些相互作用，研究人员可以更好地理解合作与竞争的本质。)”可知，Rajan研究的主要目的是研究群体合作方式。故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“OnespeciesRajan’steamfocusesonistheelephantnosefish,whichuseselectricpulses(脉冲)tomunicateandfinditsway.Despitethesimplicityoftheirmunication,thesefishdisplaycooperativebehaviors,suchasguidingotherstofoodsources.(Rajan的团队关注的一个物种是象鼻鱼，这种鱼利用电脉冲进行交流并找到自己的路。尽管它们的交流很简单，但这些鱼表现出合作行为，比如引导其他鱼找到食物来源。)”可知，象鼻鱼使用电信号进行团队合作，故选C。【34题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Rather,thesebehaviorsslowlyappearovermanygenerationsasthemodelsaretestedandchanged.(相反，随着模型的测试和更改，这些行为会在许多代中慢慢出现。)”可知，合作和竞争的行为不是天生固定的，而是在多代的测试和变化中慢慢出现的。“hardwired”在这里表示“固定的，天生的”，与B选项“Fixedbydesign(设计固定的)”意思相符。故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“PrinciplesofcollectiveintelligencemayplayanimportantroleinhowindividualAIsystemsinteractandmunicate.Whenthesesystemsworktogetherasateam,theyshowpromiseforfaster,moreplex,andmoreadaptableproblemsolvingintech.(集体智慧的原则可能在单个人工智能系统如何交互和沟通方面发挥重要作用。当这些系统作为一个团队一起工作时，它们有望在技术上更快、更复杂、更适应性地解决问题。)”可推断，Rajan的研究通过使人工智能团队能够一起解决问题来影响未来的人工智能系统。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Weallagreethatcriticalthinkingisimportant.___36___Somebelievecriticalthinkingcanbeappliedacrossdifferentconsandtaughtinageneralway.Othersargueitcanonlybetaughtwithinaspecificsubject.Therearealsothosewhothinkcertainskillsaregeneral,whileothersarespecific.Inschools,criticalthinkingistreatedasageneralskilltaughtinabroadwayratherthantailoredtospecificsubjects.Theacademicworkloadmakesitchallengingtobeincludedintothecurriculum,especiallysubjectspecificskills.However,evenwhenstudentslearnthesegeneralcriticalthinkingskills,researchshowsthattheyoftenstruggletoapplythemindifferentcons.___37___So,doesthatmeanwecan’tteachitasageneralskill?AccordingtoprofessorTimVanGelder,thisbeliefisnotentirelyaccurate.Hearguesthatstudentsimprovetheircriticalthinkingskillsfasterwhentheylearntopresenttheirargumentsinmaps.___38___Thisapproachiseffectivebecauseithelpslearnerstounderstandthestructureofarguments,makingiteasierforthemtoanalyzeandevaluatereasoninginvariouscons.Personally,Ibelievethinkingcriticallyisnotnatural.Criticalthinkingissomethingthatcanbelearnedwithlifeexperiencesandexamplesfromtheworldaroundus.___39___Moreover,Ibelievethatitisnecessarytohaveknowledgeaboutsomethingbeforewecanthinkcriticallyaboutit.___40___Focusonmonsense,openmindedness,logic,generalization,correlation,causality—anythingthatcanhelpstudentstodevelopcriticalthinkingskills.Studentsshouldreflectonhowtheiropinionsformandbuildargumentsbylinkingassumptions,objections,andfacts.Finally,beingawareofbiases(偏见)isessentialbecausetheycanaffecthowweseethings,makedecisions,andstayfair.A.Studentsneedexamplestosupporttheirarguments.B.However,thereisnoagreementonhowtoteachit.C.And,weneedtohavedisciplinetointegrateitintoourlives.D.Quickthinkingisnatural,butcriticalthinkingtakesmoreeffort.E.Sousevisualstolinkideas,reasons,assumptions,anddisagreements.F.Keyelementsofcriticalthinkingshouldbeincludedtoteachthisskill.G.Itindicatesdifferentskillsmaybeneededfordifferentknowledgeareas.【答案】36.B37.G38.E39.C40.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕批判性思维教学展开，探讨了其教学方式的争议，指出学校通用教学存在应用难题，阐述了思维导图等有效教学方法，强调批判性思维需结合生活经验学习，且教学中应涵盖关键要素并关注偏见影响。【36题详解】根据下文“Somebelievecriticalthinkingcanbeappliedacrossdifferentconsandtaughtinageneralway.Othersargueitcanbetaughtwithinaspecificsubject.(一些人认为批判性思维可以应用于不同的环境，并以一种通用的方式教授。另一些人则认为这只能在一个特定的学科中教授。)”可知，不同的人对于如何教授批判性思维有不同的观点。B选项“然而，对于如何教授它没有达成一致意见。”符合语境，起到引出下文关于不同教学方法讨论的作用。故选B。【37题详解】上文提到“However,evenwhenstudentslearnthesegeneralcriticalthinkingskills,researchshowsthattheyoftenstruggletoapplythemindifferentcons.(然而，研究表明，即使学生们学会了这些通用的批判性思维技能，他们也常常很难将它们应用到不同的环境中。)”，而G选项“这表明不同的知识领域可能需要不同的技能”中的“it”指代前面学生难以在不同情境中应用批判性思维技能这件事，说明了因为情境不同可能需要不同技能，解释了为什么学生难以应用，符合逻辑。故选G【38题详解】上文提到“Hearguesthatstudentsimprovetheircriticalthinkingskillsfasterwhentheylearntopresenttheirargumentsinmaps.(他认为，当学生们学会用地图来表达自己的论点时，他们的批判性思维能力会提高得更快。)”，E选项“所以使用可视化工具来连接观点、理由、假设和分歧。”中的“usevisuals”与“presenttheirargumentsinmaps”相呼应，进一步阐述了使用可视化工具的作用，符合上下文语境。故选E。【39题详解】上文提到“Criticalthinkingissomethingthatcanbelearnedwithlifeexperiencesandexamplesfromtheworldaroundus.(批判性思维是可以通过生活经历和周围世界的例子来学习的。)”，C选项“而且，我们需要自律将其融入我们的生活。”中“integrateitintoourlives”与上文的“withlifeexperiences”相呼应，且“and”表示递进关系，进一步说明了关于批判性思维与生活的关系，符合语境。故选C。【40题详解】下文提到“Focusonmonsense,openmindedness,logic,generalization,correlation,causality—anythingthatcanhelpstudentstodevelopcriticalthinkingskills.(关注常识、开放的思维、逻辑、概括、关联、因果关系——任何有助于学生发展批判性思维技能的东西。)”，F选项“批判性思维的关键要素应该被包含在教授这种技能中。”中的“Keyelements”与下文列举的“monsense,openmindedness,logic,generalization,correlation,causality”等关键要素相呼应，符合语境。故选F。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项