Unit+1+Science+and+Scientists+单元提升强化训练+2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit1ScienceandScientistsⅠ.阅读理解AGalileowasborninPisaonFebruary15,1564.ThefamilymovedtoFlorenceintheearly1570s.Inhismiddleteens,GalileoattendedthemonasteryschoolinVallombrosaandthenin1581attheUniversityofPisa,wherehewastostudymedicine.However,hebecameinterestedinmathematicsanddecidedtomakethemathematicalsubjectsandphilosophyhisprofession.Galileothenbegantopreparehimselftoteachmathematicsandseveralofhislectureshavesurvived.In1585,GalileolefttheuniversitywithoutadegreeandforseveralyearshegaveprivatelessonsinthemathematicalsubjectsinFlorenceandSiena.Duringthisperiodhedesignedanewformofhydrostatic(流体静力学的)balanceforweighingsmallquantities.Healsobeganhisstudiesonmotion,whichhepursuedsteadilyforthenexttwodecades.In1588GalileoappliedforthechairofmathematicsattheUniversityofBolognabutwasunsuccessful.However,hisreputationwasincreasingandlaterthatyearhewasaskedtodelivertwolecturestotheFlorentineAcademy.Healsofoundsometheorems(定理)oncentersofgravitythatbroughthimrecognitionamongmathematiciansandthesupportofGuidobaldodelMonte,anoblemanandauthorofseveralimportantworksonmechanics.Asaresult,heobtainedthechairofmathematicsattheUniversityofPisain1589.There,Galileodemonstrated,bydroppingbodiesofdifferentweightsfromthetopofthefamousLeaningTower,thatthespeedoffallofaheavyobjectisnotrelatedtoitsweight,asAristotlehadclaimed.Hecontinuedhisresearchonmotionandby1609hehaddeterminedthatthedistancefallenbyabodyisproportional(成比例的)tothesquareofthefallingtime.GalileodiedonJanuary8,1642.1.WheredidGalileoreceiveeducationinhismiddleteens?A.InPisa. B.InVallombrosa.C.InFlorence. D.InSiena.2.WhatdidGalileododuringhiscollegetime?A.Hestudiedchemistry.B.Hedevelopedabalance.C.Hecarriedoutresearchesonmotion.D.Hepreparedhimselfforteachingmath.3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGalileoasascientist?A.Generous. B.Considerate.C.Hard-working. D.Gifted.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.Galileo’sLifeStoryB.Galileo’sRoadtoSuccessC.Galileo’sMajorContributionsD.Galileo’sStudyingExperienceBChinaisoneofthelargestproducersandconsumersofwatermelonintheworld.AndWuMingzhu,aschoolmateofYuanLongpingatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqinginthelate1940s,istheunsungherowhohashelpedmakethispossible.“It’snoexaggeration(夸张)tosaythatabout80percentofmorethan20,000ofChina’snewseedtypesofwatermelonsandsweetmelonsatpeople’sdiningtableseverydayaretheresultofgreateffortsmadebyWuandherteamovermorethan60years,”saidacolleagueofWu’s.In1955,WuvoluntarilywenttoworkinShanshanCounty,TurpanBasininnorthwestChina’sXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionwhereworkingconditionswerehard.In1958,Wubegantopromotethemoderntechnologyofcultivating(种植)melonsamongfarmers.However,thelocalfarmerswhowereusedtofolkcultivationmethods,didn’tseemtotakekindlytothat.Withthehelpofafamouslocalmelonexpert,Wuopenedupthreeacresofwastelandtoplantmelonsaccordingtoscientificknowledge.Whenautumnarrived,localfarmersfoundthemelonsWuplantedinascientificwaywereparticularlydelicious.Fromthenon,thefarmersbegantoadoptWu’sscientificgrowingmethods.Wu’seffortstogrowqualitymelonsbeganpayingoffin1973whenshewenttotheoff-seasonbreeding(培育)baseinHainan.ShewantedtodevelopHainanasapilotareasothatthesouthareaofChinacouldalsogrowmelons,andrealizethedreamofthree-maturedorevenfour-maturedmelons.Afternumerousdifficulties,finallyinthe1980s,themelonvarietyselectedbyWusucceeded.Wusaid,“InXinjiang,therearethousandsofscienceandtechnologyworkerslikeme.Theyhaveworkedhardfordecadesonthefrontlineofagriculture.I’mjustoneoftheordinaryones.”NowdealingwithAlzheimer’sdisease,Wuisoftenunabletorecognizeherformercolleaguesorevenherfamilymemberswholivebyherside.Buthavingworkeddayandnighttobreednewseedtypessincethe1950s,shecanstillrememberhermelonwork.5.WhatdoesWu’scolleaguethinkofher?A.Hard-working. B.Brave.C.Kind-hearted. D.Considerate.6.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.LocalfarmerstrustedWuatfirst.B.Wufailedtospreadhertechnology.C.Wu’stechnologyworkedinTurpanBasin.D.AlocalexpertimprovedWu’smethods.7.WhydidWuchooseHainanasabreedingbase?A.Toattractmorewatermelonconsumers.B.Toearnmoremoneybysellingmoremelons.C.Toguidethelocalfarmerstogrowwatermelons.D.Toimprovethespeedandefficiencyofbreeding.8.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.WuMingzhu’slifestyle.B.Adevotedwatermelonscientist.C.WuMingzhu’snewdiscovery.D.Themoderntechnologyofmelongrowing.CTheartificialintelligencealgorithms(算法)behindtheprogramofanAIchatapp,whichhasdrawnattentionforitsabilitytogeneratehumanlikewrittenresponsestosomeofthemostcreativequeries,mightonedaybeabletohelpdoctorsdetectAlzheimer’sdiseaseinitsearlystages.ResearchfromDrexelUniversity’sSchoolofBiomedicalEngineering,ScienceandHealthSystemsrecentlyprovedthattheprogramoftheAIchatappcanidentifycluesfromspontaneous(自发的)speechthatare80%accurateinpredictingtheearlystagesofdementia(痴呆).ThecurrentpracticefordiagnosingAlzheimer’sdiseasetypicallyinvolvesamedicalhistoryreviewandlengthysetofphysicalandneurologicalevaluationsandtests.Whilethereisstillnocureforthedisease,spottingitearlycangivepatientsmoreoptionsforwaysoftreatmentandsupport.Becausethelanguagedisabilityisasymptom(症状)in60%-80%ofdementiapatients,researchershavebeenfocusingonprogramsthatcanpickuponunobviousclues,suchashesitation,makinggrammarandpronunciationmistakesandforgettingthemeaningofwords,asaquicktestthatcouldindicatewhetherornotapatientshouldhaveafullexamination.“TheAIsystemicapproachtolanguageanalysisandproductionmakesitapromisingpossibilityforidentifyingtheunobviousspeechcharacteristicsthatmaypredictthebeginningofdementia,”saidFelixAgbavor,adoctoralresearcherintheschoolandtheleadauthorofthepaper.“Trainingtheappwithalotofdataofinterviews,someofwhicharewithAlzheimer’spatients,wouldoffertheinformationitneedstoselectspeechpatternsthatcouldthenbeappliedtoidentifymarkersinfuturepatients.”Tobuildonthesepromisingresults,theresearchersareplanningtodevelopawebapplicationthatcouldbeusedathomeorinadoctor’sofficeasapre-screeningtool.“Ourproof-of-conceptshowsthatthiscouldbeasimple,accessibleandfullysensitivetoolforcommunity-basedtesting,”Felixsaid.“Thiscouldbeveryusefulforearlyscreeningandriskassessmentbeforeaclinicaldiagnosis.”9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“queries”inparagraph1mean?A.Solutions. B.Details.C.Comments. D.Questions.10.Whatmightbeusedasasignofdementia?A.Thehearingloss.B.Thespeechbarrier.C.Theincreaseofage.D.Thedifficultyinmoving.11.WhatdoesFelixthinkoftheAImethodforpredictingdementia?A.Promising. B.Confusing.C.Challenging. D.Complex.12.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheAIalgorithmsbehindanapphasdrawnattentionB.SpeechpatternscouldbeappliedtoidentifyAlzheimer’sdiseaseC.AnAIchatappmayhelpdetectearlysignsofAlzheimer’sdiseaseD.AmedicalhistoryreviewisinvolvedindiagnosingdementiaⅡ.七选五Socialmediahasbasicallytakenoveralmosteverydaylifeformanypeople.Theyliketopostvideosonlinetosharetheirlife.Butsometimes,ifyoupostavideoonlineandyourvideobecomespopular,youmaygetcommentsfrompeoplewhowillalwaysfindsomethingtocomplainabout.Theymayspreadgossip(流言蜚语)aboutyou.Negativecomments,iftheyaremishandled,canaffectyourreputationandmood.1

First,respondpositivelyandpolitely.Somepeoplelikeyourvideowhileothersdon’t.Nomatterhownegativethecommentis,it’sbestforyoutogiveapositiveandpoliteresponse.2.Don’tbeangry,andstaycalm,whichhelpsyougaintheupperhand.

Next,movingtheconversationoutofthepubliceyeandintoaprivateareaisusuallythebestchoice.3Instead,leaveacommentforthem,askingthemtocontactyoutodiscusstheproblemprivately.Thisshowseveryonethatyouarewillingtosolvetheissue.

Finally,don’treplyiftheytrytostartanargument.Often,keyboardwarriors(键盘侠)arefeelingbadaboutsomethingintheirownlives.4Avoidbeingnegativelyinfluencedbytheircomments.Youtotallyhavetherighttodeleteanythingthatshouldnotbeonyoursocialmediapage.

5Justlaughthemoffandletthemgo.Youcan’tcontrolwhatotherpeopledo.Allyoucandoiskeeppostingandsharingpositivethings.Whenotherscanseethatyouarestilllivingagoodlife,theywillbeencouragedbyyou.

A.Sowhenshouldyouignorenegativecomments?B.Thenhowshouldwedealwithnegativecomments?C.Sokeepitinmindthattheircommentshavenothingtodowithyou.D.Howdoyourecoverfromthosenegativecommentsonsocialmedia?E.However,don’tsendadirectmessagetothenegativecommentmakers.F.Eachcommentneedstobeconsideredonthebasisoffactsandtheories.G.Thisshowsthatyoucareabouteveryoneelseonyoursocialmediapage.Ⅲ.完形填空IdecidedtobeateacherwhenIwas10,becauseIcouldclearlyseesomeofmyteachershadextraordinarypowers.TherewasanEnglishteacherinfifthgradewhocould1andeffortlesslytransportustodifferentworldseverydaybytellingusstoriesfrombookswewouldotherwisenever2.Itwasevenshockingthatmyteachercould3theinvisible.Iwasoneofthosewho4insight(洞察).Yetmyteacherwouldalwaysnoticemeandthe5messageinhereyessuggestedthatshecouldseemethrough.Shehadanothersuperpowerandevenafterfourdecades,Icouldstill6rememberherlessonsaboutthegreatmastersofartandgreatgeographers.Shedidthiseventhoughher7wasnotart,norgeography.IknewIwantedtobeoneofthoseall-seeingoneswiththe8thatmadechildrenfeelsafeandvalued.

Iknowbeingateacherisn’tthe9orthemostfinanciallyrewardingofjobs.Andthereareoccupational10—yourkneescanbecomewornoutfromyearsofcarryingpilesofnotebooksupanddowntheschoolstaircase;your11cangiveinfromtoomuchtalking.Butdespiteallthat,therearestillthosechoosingthis12.Tothem,teachingisnotjustajob—itisascience,anartandacraft,whichdemands13labourandinvestment.

Ihavetaughtforthreedecades.Occasionally,Imeetmy14students.Theirobviousloveformeandfond15ofourtimetogetheraremyrewards.

1.A.carefully B.casually C.deliberately D.magically2.A.takeaway B.pickup C.handout D.leavealone3.A.see B.bear C.break D.cover4.A.missed B.hated C.lacked D.valued5.A.ambiguous B.foreign C.urgent D.unspoken6.A.vividly B.partly C.hardly D.roughly7.A.work B.task C.major D.duty8.A.empathy B.doubt C.desire D.superpower9.A.easiest B.hardest C.dullest D.weakest10.A.errors B.risks C.skills D.stages11.A.voice B.sight C.cars D.legs12.A.sign B.cause C.gift D.reason13.A.cheap B.private C.slight D.emotional14.A.present B.former C.patient D.polite15.A.adventures B.services C.memories D.messagesⅣ.语法填空SittinginsidetheShenzhouⅩⅥspacecraft,GuiHaichaotogetherwiththeothertwoastronautswaslaunchedbya20-story-tallLongMarch2Fcarrierrocket,1.tookoffat9:31amonMay30,2023attheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter.Bornin1986,Gui’s2.(enthusiastic)forsciencehasbeendevelopingsincechildhood.He3.(have)asetofencyclopedias(百科全书)fromwhichhegainedalotofbasicspaceknowledge.Yearslater,GuiHaichaoattendedBeihangUniversity,4.(major)inspacecraftdesignandengineering.

Guithenpursuedpostdoctoralresearchoverseasandpublishedabout20SCIacademicpapersintopinternationaljournals.AfterreturningtoChina,hereceivedBeihang’sinvitationtoteach5.anassociateprofessor.

Inthespringof2018,GuiwastoldthatChina’smannedspaceauthoritieshadmadeadecision6.(select)thethirdgroupofastronauts,includingthefirstspaceflightengineersandsciencepayloadsspecialists.“Ihavebeen7.fanofspaceexplorationformanyyearsandsometimesdreamedaboutdoingmyresearchinspace.Iwassoexcitedhearingthisnews8.Isignedupwithoutmuchthought.EventuallyIwas9.(successful)admittedfollowingseveraldemandingroundsof10.(profession)tests,”herecalled.

参考答案Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名科学家伽利略的生平事迹。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段中“Inhismiddleteens,GalileoattendedthemonasteryschoolinVallombrosaandthenin1581attheUniversityofPisa,wherehewastostudymedicine.”可知,伽利略十几岁时在瓦隆布罗萨接受教育。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段中“Galileothenbegantopreparehimselftoteachmathematicsandseveralofhislectureshavesurvived.”可知,伽利略在大学期间为教数学做好了准备。3.C推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据文章第四段可知,伽利略一生都致力于科学研究,并在很多方面做出杰出贡献,故推测他是努力工作的。4.A标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了科学家伽利略的生平事迹,故A项可作为文章的标题。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了致力于研究西瓜的科学家吴明珠的个人经历以及成就。5.A推理判断题。根据第二段中“It’snoexaggeration...overmorethan60years”可知,同事认为吴工作勤奋。6.C推理判断题。根据第三段中“Whenautumnarrived,localfarmersfoundthemelonsWuplantedinascientificwaywereparticularlydelicious.Fromthenon,thefarmersbegantoadoptWu’sscientificgrowingmethods.”可知,吴的技术在吐鲁番盆地起作用了。7.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ShewantedtodevelopHainanasapilotareasothatthesouthareaofChinacouldalsogrowmelons,andrealizethedreamofthree-maturedorevenfour-maturedmelons.”可知,吴选择海南作为培育基地是为了提高种植和效率。8.B主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了致力于研究西瓜的科学家吴明珠的个人经历以及成就,这篇文章主要讲的是一位致力于西瓜研究的科学家。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。最近的一项研究表明,人工智能聊天应用程序可以从人的语音中识别线索,预测阿尔茨海默病。9.D词义猜测题。根据画线单词前的内容可知,如何探测阿尔茨海默病的早期阶段应属于一个很有创造性的问题。由此猜测,该单词的意思应与“问题”相近。10.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Becausethelanguagedisabilityisasymptomin60%-80%ofdementiapatients”可知,语言障碍是痴呆症患者的一个征兆。11.A推理判断题。根据第三段可知,FelixAgbavor博士认为,人工智能系统的语言分析和生成方法有可能预测痴呆症早期不明显的语言特征。由此推断,Felix认为人工智能预测痴呆症的方法是有发展前景的。12.C标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍的是利用人工智能聊天应用程序预测阿尔茨海默病。C项“一款人工智能聊天应用程序可能有助于发现阿尔茨海默病的早期迹象”,能概括本文主题。Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了如何处理网上的负面评论。1.B根据上文“Negativecomments,iftheyaremishandled,canaffectyourreputationandmood.”以及下文的“First,...”等可知,本文主要讲述如何处理网上的负面评论。B项可承上启下。2.G根据上文“...it’sbestforyoutogiveapositiveandpoliteresponse.”可知,G项中的This指的就是“giveapositiveandpoliteresponse”。3.E根据下文“Instead,leaveacommentforthem,askingthemtocontactyoutodiscusstheproblemprivately.”可知,空处应是对上文的进一步说明,并和下文构成转折,E项符合语境。4.C根据上文“Finally,don’treplyiftheytrytostartanargument.Often,keyboardwarriorsarefeelingbadaboutsomethingintheirownlives.”可知,C项符合本段主题。5.D通读本段可知,本段主要讲述如何从社交媒体上的负面评论中恢复过来。D项可作为本段主题句。Ⅲ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了童年时期对老师的敬佩,认为老师有超能力,后来作者又受到母亲教书经历的影响,最终作者梦想成真,做了老师,很快乐,很骄傲。1.D根据下文“transportustodifferentworldseveryday”可知,老师把我们带到不同的世界,所以是神奇地(magically)。2.B根据上文“storiesfrombookswewouldotherwisenever”并结合选项可知,老师给我们讲一些我们永远不会拿起的(pickup)书里的故事。3.A根据上文“Itwasevenshocking”以及下文“theinvisible”可知,老师能