2023年大学英语六级分类模拟题

大学英语六级分类模拟题３18ReadｉngＣomprehenｓionWｏmenaｒehalｆtheｐoｐulationbutｏnｌy１5%ｏｆboaｒdmeｍbersatbｉgAmｅｒicａnfｉｒms,ａnd10％ｉnEuｒope．Coｍpaniesthatfｉｓhinｏnlyhalfoｆtheｔaleｎｔｐoolwilｌloseoｕtｔothｏsｅthatｃaｓtｔhｅiｒnｅtmｏｒewｉｄely.Tｈereｉsalｓoeｖidencethatmiｘｅdbｏarｄｓmaｋｅbetterｄecisionｓ.

Miｎdfulｏfｔｈis,Eurｏpeancountrieｓaｒepaｓsｉｎgｌawsｔhaｔwouldfｏrｃecomｐaniestoｐroｍotｅmｏrewomentotheeｘｅcutivesuｉｔe.AnｅwＦreｎｃhlawrｅｑuirｅslisteｄfｉrｍsｔoreｓｅｒvｅ4０%ｏfboardseatsｆorwｏmenby2０23．NｏｒwayaｎdＳpaｉnhavｅsｉmiｌarlaｗs;Ｇeｒmanyｉｓcoｎsｉｄeｒingoｎe.TheEuroｐｅａｎＰarｌiaｍentdｅclaredtｈisｍonththatsucｈｑuｏtasshouldbeaｐplieｄtｈrｏｕｇhｏutｔheEurｏpeanUｎion.

Thereａｒetｗoｍainargumentsforcoｍpｕlsoryｑuｏｔas.Oneｉｓthatthemeｎwhoｄominatecorporaｔeｂoardｓarehopｅlessｌｙsexisｔ:theyｐromｏteｐeoplelikethｅｍｓｅｌvesａndigｎorｅａｎｙfｅｍalｅtaleｎt.

Tｈesecoｎｄaｒｇumentiｓmoresubｔle.Tａlｅｎtｅdexecｕtivesneedmentorｓ(导师）ｔohｅlptｈeｍclｉｍbthｅladder．

Ｍaledｉrectorsmｅntｏryｏｕｎgmｅnｂｕtarereluctanttogetfriendlywiｔhｙoｕｎｇｗoｍeｎ,lｅsｔtheｒelａtionsｈiｐbeｍisiｎterｐreteｄ.Quotasｗillbｒeakthisviｃiｏｕｓｃyclebyｐｕtｔinｇlotsoｆｗomｅnａttｈetoｐ,ｗhoｃａnthenｏfｆertheirｓｉstersａlegup．

Thｅrｅｍａｙbｅsomｅthingiｎbothａrgumｅｎts,ｂｕtｉnmｏstrｉchcountｒｉessｅxismisｎｏｌongｅrthemainobstacｌetｏwomen'scaｒｅerｓ.Chilｄrenａre.Ｍoｓtwoｍentaｋecarｅerbｒeａkｓｔolookaftｅｒｔheｍ.Mａnycａreｆoreｌdｅrlyrelativｅs,too.Onｅstｕdyfoundtｈａttwo-thiｒｄｓofＡmｅｒｉcanwomｅｎhadatsomepointswiｔcｈedｆroｍfull-timｅｗｏｒktopart-ｔimeorflexibletimetobalanｃeworkaｎｄfａｍily.Ｓｕｃhchoicesmakeitｈａrｄerfｏrwomeｎtogaiｎｔｈeｅxperienｃenecessarytomaｋeiｔtotheverytop．

Whatiｓmore,bｉgcomｐａniesａrｅinｃｒｅasiｎｇlｙglobａl.Manyｗanｔabosswhohasworkeｄinｍoreｔｈａnoneｃoｕntry.Suchforｅigｎpoｓｔingsdisrupｔｆamｉlｉes;ｍａｎywoｍenｔurnthemdｏwn.Ａndｍany,antｉciｐatiｎgacareeｒｂreakaｔｓomeｐｏintinｔhefuｔure,enterfielｄｓｗherｅｔheirskilｌswillｎotquｉｃｋlybeｃomｅｏｕtdａｔed,suchasｌａworhｕmanｒeｓouｒces.Somelawyersmａkegｏｏｄchｉｅfexeｃutiｖes.Butfiｒmsoftenwａｎtpeoｐlewithfｉｎaｎｃｉalorｏperatiｏnalexｐeriencefｏrtheｔoｐｊobs,andthｅsefｉeldsaｒesｔilｌmalｅ-domｉnatｅd．

Quoｔasａretoobｌｕntaｔoolｆorsｕchataｎglｅdpｒoblem.Ｔhｅwomencompaｎｉesarecompelleｄtoｐｕtｏnboａrdsareuｎliｋelytobeasuｓeｆulastｈｏsetheypｌacetｈerevoｌｕntarily.Ｑｕotａsfｏrcefiｒｍseｉthertoｐadｔｈｅｉrbｏaｒdswithtｏkennｏn－exｅcｕtivediｒeｃtors,ortoalloｃａtereａlｐowｅronthebａｓisoｆsｅxratherｔhanmｅrit.

Ｅｎfoｒcingｑｕotasfｏrwomeｎhasledtolargenｕmｂerｓｏfｉnｅxｐeriencedwomｅnbeingaｐpｏｉｎｔeｄtｏbｏarｄｓ,anｄseriousｌydａｍaｇｅdthosefirms'performａｎｃe.1、Whａtｗｉllhaｐpｅntoacｏmpaｎyｉｆmendominateitsexecuｔiveboaｒd？

A.Itstaｌenｔｐoｏｌｗilｌdryoutsooneｒ．

B.Iｔsｃoｍpeｔitｉveｎeｓｓwillbeweａkｅneｄ.

C.Itswｏmenempｌｏｙeeswｉlｌｃomplaiｎ.

D.Itiｓbounｄｔｏmakeｕｎwisedecisｉoｎs.2、Whａtseｅｍsｔopｒeventwoｍeｎfroｍｂｅcomingｂoarｄmembersapaｒｔｆｒomsexism？

A．Manyｏfｔｈemlａckthecouragｅｔofaｃｅｔｈｅcｈａlｌｅngeiｎtheboardroｏｍ．

B.Maｌｅｄirｅctoｒｓａｒeａfraidofwomｅｎ'sｐｏtｅｎtｉalthreattotheｉｒauthority．

C.Fｅwofthemhavetheｔraｉninｇandqｕａlifｉcatioｎsｎeｅdｅｄfoｒｅxｅcutivedｕties.

Ｄ.Malediｒectorsｒefraｉnfｒｏmgivingtheｍguidancｅtoaｖｏｉdmiｓundｅｒsｔaｎｄinｇ.３、Whatｄｏｅsｔheａuthorsａｙｉｓtherealbarriertoｗomen'scaｒeeｒs?

A.Anａpｐarｅｎtlａckoｆnecessarylegislatiｏn.

Ｂ.Fｉercecoｍpetｉtｉｏｎｆrommaｌecoｌlｅaｇues.

C．Tｈｅbｕrdenoftａkiｎｇcａreofｔｈeirfａmily.

Ｄ．Tｈewidｅspreａdsexismintheworｋplace.4、Whydomanｙwoｍenchｏｏsetoenterｓuchfieldsａslaｗｏrhｕmanresourcｅｓ?

A．Ｔheｙalloｗｗｏmenｃareerbreakｓifｎeedｂｅ.

B.Theycａnbrｉngawomaｎ'stalentintoｆｕllplay．

C.Theｙoｆｆerhigｈｓalａｒiesａndattrａctiｖｅbenefits.

D．TheypaｖethewayfoｒｗomentobecｏmeCEOｓ.5、Whatｄoestheautｈｏrtｈinｋofthepｒactiｃeｏfenfｏｒcｉngquotasforｗｏmenｅxecｕtives?

A．Itisasimpleｓolｕｔiontoatanｇledprｏblｅm．

B.Iｔiｓanefｆeｃtivetooｌtｏcombaｔsexiｓm.

C．Iｔhelpsｆiｌlｔheexecutivｅboardwｉｔhtaｌents.

Ｄ.Iｔaｄverselyａｆfｅctsafｉrm'sperfｏｒmａnｃe．Iｎternａtionalgｏveｒnmenｔｓ'inactionconcｅｒｎiｎgsustainablｅdevｅlopｍeｎｔiｓclｅarlyworryingbｕtthepｒoactivｅ（积极出击旳)ａppｒｏａcheｓofsomeleadinｇ－eｄgｅcompaｎiesarｅenｃouｒaging.Toyota，Wａl-Marｔ,ＤuＰont,M&SaｎdGeneralEｌｅctrｉchａvｅmadetacklingenｖiｒonmeｎｔａlｗasteｓaｋeyeｃoｎomｉcdｒiver.

DｕPontcomｍitｔeｄiｔseｌftoa６5%rｅｄuｃｔioningreeｎhousｅｇａsｅmｉｓsｉoｎsｉntｈe1０yｅａrsprioｒto2０23．By２0２3,ＤuPonｔｗaｓsaviｎg$2.2ｂilliｏnayearｔhroughｅnergyeffiｃieｎcy,thesaｍeasitsｔｏtaｌdｅcｌaredprofitｓthatyear.GeｎeｒａlElectricaiｍｓtoredｕcetheenｅrgｙiｎｔensityofitsopeｒaｔionsbｙ５０%ｂｙ２023.Tｈｅｙhaveinｖｅsｔedhｅavilyinｐrojｅcｔsdesｉｇneｄtochangeｔhewayofusingａｎｄcoｎseｒvｉｎgenergy.

CompａｎieslikｅTｏyotaandＷal-Maｒtarenotcoｍmｉｔｔinｇtoenｖiｒonmentａlｇoalsｏｕtoｆｔhegood-nessoftheirhｅartｓ.Tｈerｅaｓonｆortheｉractionｓisａsiｍpｌeｙｅｔpowerfulrealｉｚaｔiontｈattheｅｎviron-ｍentalanｄeconｏmiｃfoｏtpｒintsfitweｌｌtoｇetheｒ.WhｅｎM&Sｌauncｈeｄits＂PlａｎA"suｓtaiｎabｉlityproｇｒａｍｍein202３,itwasbelievedthatiｔwouｌdｃｏstover$2００millioniｎｔhｅfｉｒstfｉｖeｙears.Hｏweveｒ,theinitiaｔivｅhadgeneｒatｅｄ$105miｌlioｎｂy２023/１2.

Whenweprevｅntphｙsicａlｗaｓｔｅ,iｎcreaseｅnergｙefficieｎcyｏrimpｒovｅｒesｏurｃepｒoduｃtiviｔｙ,wesａvｅmｏnｅy,improｖeprofitaｂilityanｄenhancecompetitｉveneｓs.Iｎｆacｔ,thｅreａreｏｆｔｅｎｈuge＂ｑuｉckｗin"oppｏrｔuｎities,ｔhankstoyearsoｆnｅgleｃt．

Ｈｏｗeｖer,tｈereｉｓａconsidｅrablegａｐｂeｔweenｌeadiｎg-edgecoｍpaｎiesａndthｅrestofthepace．Tｈｅｒearefａrtoomanycompaniesstillｄelaｙｉｎgcreaｔｉｎgａleanaｎdgreenbusinｅｓssysteｍ,arguingthatitｗillcｏstmoｎeｙorrequireｓizablecapiｔalｉｎveｓｔmeｎt.Tｈeyrｅmａｉnｓtuckinthｅ"envｉroｎmenｔｉｓcｏｓt"mｅｎtaliｔy.Ｂeiｎgｅnviroｎmentallｙfriｅndlyｄoesｎotｈavetｏcｏstmoney.Inｆacｔ，gｏｉｎgbeｙondcoｍｐlｉａｎcｅsaveｓcostatthesameｔimethaｔitgｅｎeｒateｓcaｓh，proviｄeｄthatmａnａgemｅntadｏptsthenｅwleaｎaｎdgreenmodel.

Leａｎmeaｎｓdｏingmoreｗithlｅss．Ｎｏneｔheｌｅｓｓ,iｎｍoｓｔcｏmpanieｓ,eｃonｏｍｉcaｎｄenｖｉｒon-ｍentａlcｏｎtinuｏuｓimproｖemeｎtiｓvieｗedasｂｅingｉncｏnｆlictｗitheacｈother.Tｈｉsisoneｏfｔhebig-gestopportunitｉesｍｉssedａｃroｓsｍｏstｉｎdｕstｒies．Thesizeofthｅoｐportｕｎitｙisenｏrmous.The３％ReportrecenｔlypuｂlishedbyWoｒldＷildlifeFundandCDPshoｗsthattheeｃoｎomicprizeforｃurbｉngcarboneｍiｓsiｏnｓｉｎtｈｅUSeｃoｎomyis$780ｂillionbetwｅeｎｎowａｎd2023.Itsｕggeststhatoｎeofｔhｅbiggｅsｔleveｒsfordelｉｖｅriｎｇthisopportunityiｓ"increａsedeffｉｃieｎcｙｔhrougｈmanagemｅｎtandbehaviouralchaｎge＂—inotｈerworｄｓ,lｅaｎａndgｒeｅnmanaｇemenｔ.

Some50sｔuｄiessｈowｔｈatcomｐaniesthatｃoｍmittｏsｕｃhasｐirationａlｇｏalsaszeｒowasｔe，ｚeｒoharmfｕlemiｓsions,aｎdzeroｕsｅofnon-renewａblｅrｅsourceｓａrefinａnｃiallyoutperfｏrmingｔheｉｒｃomｐetitｏrs.Conｖｅrseｌｙ,itwasfoｕｎｄthatcｌiｍateｄisrｕｐｔiｏniｓalｒeadyｃosｔing＄１．2trｉllionannualｌy,cuttingglobalGＤPby1.6%．Unaddｒessed，ｔhｉswilldoubｌebｙ２030.６、Whａｔｄｏｅｓｔheaｕｔhｏrsａyaｂｏｕtsｏｍeｌeading-ｅｄgecｏmpanies？

A．Thｅyopｅrａteinaｃcorｄaｎcewitｈgｏverｎmｅｎｔｐｏlicies．

Ｂ.Ｔhｅytakeｉniｔiativｅｓｉｎhaｎｄliｎgenvirｏnｍentalwaｓtｅｓ.

C.Theyaｒｅkｅｙdriｖｅrsintheｉｒnatioｎｓ'econｏｍiｃgｒowth.

D.Ｔｈeyaremajorcｏnｔribｕtorstｏenvirｏｎｍｅntａlｐrｏblemｓ.7、ＷhatmｏtivateｓＴoyoｔaaｎｄWal－Mａｒttomakｅcomｍitmeｎｔstoｅnviroｎmentaｌｐrｏtectｉon?

A.Tｈegoodnesｓoftｈeirheaｒｔs．

Ｂ.Astroｎgｓenseｏfｒeｓpoｎｓibiｌity.

C.Thｅdｅsiｒetogeneｒateprｏfits.

Ｄ.Prｅssurefromｅnvironmｅntalists.８、Whyaresomanycomｐａniesrｅluctantｔｏｃreateanenviｒonmeｎt-fｒieｎdｌybｕsiｎesssystem?

Ａ．Ｔheyarebentonmａkingquicｋmｏney.

Ｂ.Theydｏnｏtｈavｅthecaｐitalｆortｈeiｎveｓtment.

C.Theybeｌｉｅvebuiｌdiｎgｓｕｃｈasysteｍiｓtoocostlｙ．

D.Theｙlａｃktheｉncentiveｔｏｃhａｎgｅbusinessprａctｉcｅs.9、Whatisｓaidaｂoｕtthｅleananｄgrｅenmodｅlｏfbusineｓs?

A.Iｔｈelpsbuｓｉｎｅssestｏsaｖeandgａiｎattｈｅｓaｍeｔime．

B.Iｔｉsafｆorｄableonlｙforafewｌeadiｎg-eｄgeｃoｍpanies.

C．Itislｉkｅｌyｔoｓtartanewrｏｕndｏfinｔenseｃompetｉｔiｏn.

D．Itwilｌtakeａlongtimeforallｃompanｉesｔoeｍbｒaceiｔ.1０、Ｗｈaｔiｓthｅfｉｎdiｎｇofｔｈestudiesaboｕtcoｍpanieｓｃommittｅdtｏｅnvｉronmｅｎtalgoａlｓ?

A．Theyhavegｒeaｔlyenhaｎcｅdtheｉrsｅnseｏfsocｉalrespoｎsibilｉｔｙ.

B.Theydomｕcｈbetterthanthｅirｃouｎteｒｐaｒtsｉnｔermsofrevenｕes.

C．Tｈeｙｈaｖeabａndｏｎｅdaｌlｔheoｕt-ｄatedequipmeｎtandteｃhnｏlogy.

D．Ｔheyｍakegrｅatｅrcoｎｔriｂutｉonｓｔoｈumanpｒogresｓthａｎtheirｒiｖaｌs.Ifyouaｓkedmｅｔodescribｅtherisｉngphilｏsophyoftｈeday,I'dｓayitisdaｔａ－ism.Wenowhａvetheabiliｔyｔogatherｈugeamｏunｔsofｄａtａ.Ｔｈisabilｉｔysｅeｍｓｔocarrywｉthｉtcertaincultｕraｌassumｐtions—thatｅverythingthatｃanbｅmeasuredshｏuldbｅｍeasured；thatdａtaｉｓatrａnsparenｔandrelｉableｌeｎsｔｈatallowｓuｓtofｉlｔerouteｍotionaliｓmａndiｄeolｏgｙ；thatdａtawiｌlhｅlpusdorｅmark－ablethingｓ—likｅfｏreｔellｔｈefｕｔure．

Overtheｎｅxtyear，Ｉ'mhopingtogetabetｔergｒipｏnｓomeoｆｔｈequeｓtｉoｎｓraisedｂythedatareｖolｕtion：inｗhatsituationｓshｏuldwereｌyonintuitiｖeｐatternｒｅcognｉtｉonanｄｉnwhiｃhsituationssｈoulｄweiｇnｏreiｎtｕiｔiｏｎandfolｌoｗtheｄaｔa?Ｗhatkｉnｄｓofｅventsａrｅpredictablｅｕｓiｎｇｓtatistiｃalanalｙｓisａｎdwｈａtｓｏrｔsｏfevenｔｓarｅnｏt？

IconfeｓｓIenterthisｉnaskｅptｉcａlｆrameofminｄbｅlieｖｉｎgtｈatwetendtoｇeｔｃａrriｅｄawayｉnoｕrdｅsｉreｔorｅduｃｅevｅrythｉｎgtothequantifｉaｂle.Buｔａttheoutsetletmeceｌebrateｔwothｉnｇsｄatａdｏesrｅallywell.

Ｆｉｒst,ｉt'sreallｙgoodａｔexpoｓｉnｇwhenｏｕｒintuiｔｉvｅvｉeｗofrealitｙiｓwrong.Forexａmplｅ，ｎeａrlｙｅveryｐｅrｓonwhoruｎsforｐｏｌｉｔｉcaｌoffiｃehasａninｔuｉtiｖesｅｎｓetｈattheycanpoｗerｆullyｉｎfluencｅtheirｏddsofwｉnningtheelectioｎiftｈｅycanjustｒaiseａｎdｓpｅｎdmｏｒemｏney.Buｔthｉsislargelywrｏnｇ.

Ａftｅrthe2023ｅlectioｎ,ＳeａｎTrｅｎdeｃonｓtructedagraphcomｐaｒingtｈeincuｍｂeｎｔ(在任者旳）caｍpaiｇnｓpｅnｄingａdｖanｔａｇeswithtｈｅirevｅntｕaｌmaｒｇｉnsｏfvictory.Therewａsbaｒelｙanｙreｌaｔiｏnshipbeｔweｅnｍoresｐeｎdiｎｇandａbｉgｇervicｔoｒy.

Likeｗise,maｎytｅaｃhershaｖｅanintｕｉｔｉｖｅsensｅthａｔdｉfferentstudentｓhavedｉfferｅntlearninｇｓtyles：sｏｍeａrｅveｒbaｌandｓomeareviｓｕａl;somｅａｒｅlinear,ｓomearｅhoｌｉsｔｉc(整体旳)．Ｔeａchersiｍaｇiｎethｅywiｌlimpｒoveoutcｏmｅｓiftheytaiｌoｒtheirpreｓentatioｎstoeacｈsｔｕdenｔ.Buｔthｅre'snoｅviｄeｎｃｅtosuppoｒｔthｉseｉthｅr.

Ｓeｃoｎd,dａtacanｉllｕminaｔeｐaｔｔeｒnｓofbeｈａvioｒwehａｖen'tyetnｏticed.Ｆorｅxaｍple,I'vｅalwaｙsａsｓumedpeopｌeｗｈofｒeqｕeｎtlyuseｗordslike"Ｉ","me",and"minｅ"arｅprｏbablｙｍoｒｅself-ceｎｔeredthanｐｅoplewｈodｏn＇ｔ.BｕtａsJameｓPｅnｎeｂａkeroｆtheUniversitｙｏfＴｅｘaｓnoteｓinhiｓbｏｏｋ，TｈeＳeｃｒeｔLｉfｅofPｒonouｎs,whｅnｐeoｐlearｅｆeelｉngconfｉdent，ｔhｅyａｒefｏｃｕsedontｈetａskaｔhａnd,nｏtoｎtheｍselves.Hiｇh-stａｔus,cｏnfｉdeｎｔpeoｐｌeuｓefewｅr＂I"woｒds,notmore．

Ourbｒainsofteｎdoｎ'tnotｉcesubtleveｒbalpatｔeｒｎs,bｕtPennebａｋeｒ'sｃoｍputeｒｓcan.Youｎgｅｒwritｅrsusemｏrｅｎeｇaｔiｖeａｎｄｐast-ｔenｓewｏrｄsthaｎoｌdeｒｗrｉteｒswｈouseｍｏreｐoｓitiｖｅａndｆuture-teｎｓeｗords.

Ｉnsum，ｔｈedaｔａｒｅｖｏlutionisgiviｎgusｗｏnderｆulｗaystouｎdｅrｓtandtｈepresｅntanｄtｈepasｔ．Ｗillｉttｒansformｏuｒaｂilitytopredicｔａndmakeｄeｃisiｏnsaｂouｔｔhｅfuｔure？Wｅ'llsｅｅ.11、Whatdodaｔa-ｉstsasｓuｍetｈeycａｎｄo?

A.Ｔrａnｓｆｏｒmｐeｏple'sculturaｌidｅntｉtｙ.

Ｂ.Chａngethｅｗayfｕｔureeventsｕnfold.

C.Getaｆirmgripｏnｔheｍostimpoｒtantｉssues．

D．Ｅliminａtｅｅmｏtionａlaｎｄiｄeｏlｏｇiｃaｌｂiaｓ．12、Whatdｏｐｅopｌｅrunningｆoｒpoｌiｔｉｃalofficethinktｈeycａｎｄo?

A.Ｕseｄataaｎａlｙｓisｔoｐrediｃtthｅｅlectiｏnresulｔs.

B.Wiｎtheelectiｏniｆtheｙｃaｎraiseenougｈfｕnds.

C.Ｍanipulａtepublｉcopinionwｉｔhfavｏraｂｌｅdatａ．

Ｄ．Ｉｎcreasetheｃhancesofwｉnnｉngｂｙfoulｍeａｎs.13、Whｙdomanｙteacherｓｆavoｒtｈｅｉdeaoftａilｏｒｉngｔheirpresenｔaｔｉonstodｉffereｎｔstudents?

Ａ.Thｅｙｔhinｋstuｄenｔｓprｅfeｒfleｘibleteachingmeｔｈｏdｓ.

B．Ｔｈeyｗｉlｌbeabletｏtrydiｆferenｔａppｒoａches.

Ｃ．Tｈｅｙbelｉevestｕｄenｔｓ'leａrningｓｔｙlesvary.

D.Ｔhｅｙｃaｎａccommodatestudeｎtswiｔｈspecｉalneeds.14、ＷｈatｄoesＪaｍesＰennebakerrevｅalｉnＴhｅSecrｅtLifｅoｆＰronounｓ?

A.Theimportanceofusinｇpronounsproperly.

B.Repeaｔｅduseofｆｉrst-ｐersonｐｒｏnounsbyｓelf-ｃenteｒedpｅopｌｅ.

C.Ｆrｅqｕeｎｔuseofpronouｎsandfutｕｒetｅnsebｙyouｎgpｅople.

D．Apaｔterniｎconfidentpｅoｐle＇ｓuseofpｒonoｕnｓ．15、Whyiｓtheaｕthoｒsｋｅptiｃａloｆｔｈedatarｅvoluｔioｎ?

Ａ．Datamaynotｂeeasｉlyaｃｃｅｓsｉblｅ．

B．Erｒorsmayoccurｗｉthlａrgｅdａtasaｍples.

C.Ｄａtａcanｎoｔalwayｓdｏwhａｔweimagｉｎeitcan.

D．Soｍedatamａyturnoｕttｏbeoｕt-dａteｄ．Iｔiseasｙtｏｍissamiｄtｈeｄaｙ-ｔo-daｙｈeaｄｌinesofgｌoｂaleconｏmｉｃrｅcessioｎ，buttherｅｉsａleｓｓcｏnspｉｃｕouｓkiｎdoｆsocｉaｌｕpｈｅaｖal（剧变)uｎｄerwayｔhatisfａsｔａlterinｇboththefaceoftｈｅplanetａndｔhｅｗａyhumanｂeiｎgslｉｖe．Thａtｃｈaｎgｅiｓtｈerapiｄacceleｒationofurbanizatｉon．In20２3,fｏｒthefirｓtｔimｅiｎhumaｎｈｉｓtｏrｙ，moreｔhanhalｆｔｈeworld＇spoｐuｌaｔiｏｎwａsliviｎｇintownsａndcities.Andasareｃentlypublishedpａpeｒshows,theｐrｏcessofurbanizaｔiｏnwiｌlｏnlｙaccelerateｉｎtｈｅdensｅlytocomｅ—ｗithａnenoｒmｏusiｍpactoｎbiodiverｓiｔyａｎdｐotenｔiaｌlyoｎｃlimatechangｅ．

AｓＫarenＳeto，ｔｈeleadauthoroftｈeｐaｐer,pｏintsout,tｈewａveofurｂaｎｉzａｔioniｓｎ'tjuｓtａbouｔthemigrａtionofpｅｏｐleintoｕrbanenｖｉroｎｍentｓ,bｕｔａbouttheenvｉronｍeｎｔsthｅｍseｌvesbecｏmingbiｇgertｏacｃommｏdatｅallthosepｅoｐle.Thｅrapideｘpaｎsionｏfurbaｎareaｓｗｉllhaveahugeimpａctｏnbioｄｉveｒsityhｏｔsｐotｓandoncａrbonemｉsｓｉonsinthｏseurbａnarｅas.

Humansarｅtｈeultimａtｅiｎvａsiｖｅspecies—whenthｅymoveｉｎtonewterｒitory,ｔｈeyoftｅndiｓ-ｐlａcｅthｅwilｄlifｅthatｗaｓaｌreadylｉｖingtheｒe.Anｄasｌaｎｄｉsｃｌearedfortｈｏseｎewcｉｔiｅs—especialｌyintｈedenｓeｔropicalfｏrｅstｓ—cａrbｏnwiｌlｂereleaｓeｄintotheatmoｓphｅrｅaｓweｌl.Ｉt'ｓｔrueｔhataspeopｌeindeveｌoｐingnａtioｎｓｍｏｖｅｆromtheｃountryｓｉｄetotｈecity,theｓhifｔｍayredｕcethepressｕreonland,whichcouｌdinturnbegoodｆortｈeenvironmeｎt.Tｈｉsｉsｅspeｃiａｌlysoiｎｄesperatｅlｙpooｒcountrｉｅs，whｅrｅｒesiｄeｎtsinthecountrysｉdeslashandｂumforｅstseachgrowiｎgseasｏntoclearspaceforfannｉng．Buｔthｅｒealdifｆerｅnceisｔhaｔiｎdｅｖｅlopinｇnａtions,ｔhｅmｏｖefromｒｕralareａstｏcitiesofteｎleadstoaｎaccｏｍpanyｉngiｎcreaｓeiｎincome—ａndthａtiｎcrｅaｓｅlｅadstｏaniｎcreasｅiｎｔheconsumptionoffoodandenｅrgｙ,ｗhiｃhｉntｕrncausesａrｉseincarbonemiｓsions.Getｔinｇｅnoughｔｏｅａtanｄenjoｙingtｈesafｅtｙanｄｃomfortｏflivingｆuｌlyonｔｈｅgriｄｉscｅrtａｉnlyagoｏdtｈing—butitdoescarryaｎenｖironmentalprｉce.

Theｕrbanｉzａtionwavecan＇ｔbestoppｅd—anｄitshouldn'tbe.ＢutSｅtｏ'sｐaperdoｅsuｎdeｒｓcoｒeｔｈeiｍportancｅofｍanagｉngtｈaｔtranｓitｉon.Iｆwｅｄoitthｅrｉｇhtway,weｃａnｒeduceｕrｂaｎｉｚatｉｏｎ'sｉmｐactｓonｔheenviroｎmｅnｔ.＂Tｈeｒe'saｎenormouｓopｐoｒtunitｙhere,aｎｄalotｏｆpressuｒeandreｓponｓibilitytothｉnｋabouthowｗeurbanｉｚe,＂saysSeto．"Theｏneｔhinｇthaｔ'scleａrisｔｈaｔwｅcan'ｔbuｉlｄｃitｉestheｗayweｈaveoｖｅｒthelaｓtcoupleofｈundｒedyｅars.Thｅｓcａleofthisｔｒanｓｉｔｉｏnwon'tａｌｌｏwthaｔ.＂Ｗe'ｒｅheadedtoｗardsanurｂanｐlanetnｏmatterwhat,ｂｕｔwheｔheritbecｏmeｓｈeaｖenorhellｉsuｐtoｕs.16、Whａtissuｅｄoｅstheaｕthoｒtｒytｏｄrａwｐeoｐｌe＇sattenｔioｎto?

A.Ｔｈesｈａｋingbiｏdiversityworlｄｗide．

B.Theｒapidincreaseofｗｏｒｌｄｐｏpulatioｎ.

C.Ｔheoｎgoｉｎgｇlobaleconｏmiｃｒｅcesｓｉon．

D．Tｈeiｍpacｔｏfacceｌeratingｕrbａniｚation．１7、Inwhatｓenseaｒｅhuｍanstｈeultｉｍateinvａｓivespeciｅs?

A.Theｙａremuｃhgｒeeｄiertｈanothｅｒsｐeciｅs．

B.Ｔｈeyarｅａuniｑuesｐｅｃiesboｒｎｔoｃonｑuer.

C.Tｈeｙforcｅotheｒｓpeciesｏutｏftｈeirterｒitorieｓ.

D．Theｙｈaveanｕrgetoexpaｎdthｅiｒliｖingｓpａce．18、Inwhatｗayisｕｒbaｎizａｔｉoｎinpｏoｒcｏuntriesgｏｏdfortheenviｒonment?

A.Moreｌaｎdwillbｅpresｅrｖeｄｆｏrwｉｌdｌife.

Ｂ.Ｔhepressureonｆarmｌaｎｄwｉllbｅlesｓened.

C.Carｂｏneｍｉssioｎswｉllbeconｓiderablyrｅduｃed.

Ｄ.Naturalresourcｅswilｌｂeuseｄｍorｅｅffｅctiｖely．19、Ｗhａtdｏesthｅauthorｓａyaboutｌｉｖｉｎgｃｏmfｏrtａblyinthecity?

Ａ．Itｉncuｒsaｈighｅnviｒｏnｍentalprice．

B．Itbringspoｖerｔyａndinｓecuritｙｔoanｅｎd.

Ｃ．Itcaｕsesａｂigchanｇｅinｐｅopｌe'ｓliｆeｓtylｅ.

D.Itnａrｒowｓthegapbetweenｃityanｄcounｔry.2０、WhａtcanｂｅdonetｏminimizethenｅgaｔiveｉmｐactｏｆｕrbanizａtｉonaccｏrｄingtoSetｏ?

A.Slowingｄｏwnthespeeｄｏftraｎsiｔｉon．

Ｂ．Innovatｉvｅuｓｅoｆadvanceｄtｅcｈｎoｌｏgｙ．

C.Approｐrｉatemaｎagemenｔofthｅｐｒocess.

D．Eｎhanciｎgpeople'sseｎseofresｐonｓibiｌity．WｈｅnＨａrvarｄstｕdentMaｒkZuｃｋerbｅｒglａuncｈｅdthefaｃe－bｏok,ｃｏrninFeb.２02３,ｅｖｅnheｃoｕｌdnotｉmａｇｉnetheｆoｒcesiｔｗoｕｌdlｅtｌｏose.Ｈisintentwastoｃonneｃｔcｏlｌegestuｄeｎts.Ｆａｃe-ｂoｏk，ｗｈicｈｉswｈａtthisｗebsiterapｉdｌyevoｌvedｉnto,eｎdedupconｎectｉngtheworlｄ.

Tothecｈildrenｏfｔhｉsconnecｔｅdeｒa,theworｌdisｏneｇｉantｓocｉalnetｗoｒｋ.Ｔheｙarenoｔbound—aswerepreviousgenｅｒatｉonsofｈumanｓ—bywhattｈeyweretaught．Theyaｒeonlylimitedｂyｔhｅircuriosｉｔyａnｄａmbｉtion．Ｄｕrinｇｍyｃｈilｄhood,allｋnｏｗleｄgeｗａslocal．Youｌｅａrnedeｖerｙ-ｔhingyｏuknewfｒoｍｙｏｕｒｐarenｔｓ,ｔｅａchers,preacheｒsａｎdfrｉｅnds.

Withthehｉgｈ-qualiｔｙandtiｍｅlyinformationａtｔｈeirfingerｔips,tｏdaｙ'ｓchiｌdrｅｎａrｅrｉsingabｏｖethｅｆｅａrｓandbｉａsesｏｆｔhｅirpａrentｓ.Aｄｕltsareａlｓｏpａrtiｃipatinｇinthisreｖolutｉon.Indiａ＇snormａｌlｙtamemidｄlｅcｌassiｓspeakｉnｇupagainstsocialillｓ.ＳｉliｃｏｎＶalleyeｘecuｔiveｓaｒeｂeingｓhａmedintoaddiｎｇｗoｍentｏtheirboarｄｓ.Politicalleａｄersａremarｓｈaｌlｉngtｈeｅｎergyoｆmillionsforelｅctioｎsandｐolｉticａlcａｕｓes,ＡllofｔｈisｉsbeｉngdoｎewiｔhsocｉalmediateｃhnologiesthａtＦacｅbookandiｔscompeｔitｏrｓsetfrｅｅ.

Asdｏesevｅryadｖaｎciｎgtechnology,ｓociaｌmediahａｓｃｒｅａtedｍａnyｎｅwproblems.Itｉsｃoｍmonlyaｄdictiｖｅaｎｄｃreatesriｓksfｏｒｙｏungeruｓeｒs．SｏcialｍeｄiaisuseｄbyexｔrｅmistｓintheＭiｄdleEａstandelｓeｗherｅtosｅekaｎdbｒaｉｎｗａshrecruiｔs.Andｉteｘｐosｅsｕｓandｏｕrｆｒiendstodｉsagreeablespｙｉｎg,wemayleａｖｅｏｕrligｈtsoｎiｎｔｈｅｈousewhenwearｅonｖａcatioｎ，butthrｏughsociａlｍｅdｉaｗｅtｅｌlcrimiｎａlsexacｔlyｗherewｅare,ｗhenwｅｐlａnｔoｒeturnｈome，andhｏwtoblackmaiｌ(敲诈)us．

Gｏvernmｅnｔsdon'tneeｄiｎforｍersanyｍore.Soｃiａlmｅｄiaallｏｗsgoverｎmentagenciestosｐyoｎtheiｒowncｉtizens.Weｒｅcorｄourthoｕｇhts，emoｔｉons，likeｓａｎddiｓlikesonFａｃeｂoｏｋ;wｅshaｒｅｏｕrpoｌｉticalｖiews,ｓｏciaｌpreferｅｎｃes,aｎdplaｎs．Ｗｅpostｉntimatepｈotogｒaphsofourselｖｅｓ.Nospyaｇｅncｙｏrcｒiｍinaloｒganｉzａtｉonｃoulｄａctivelygaｔherthｅｔyｐeofdatatｈaｔweｖoluntarilyposｔｆortｈem.

Tｈemarketersareaｌsoｓｅeingbigoppoｒtunities.Ａmazonistrｙｉngtoｐrediｃtwhatwewillｏrｄer．Googlｅｉstryingtoｊudｇeｏuｒｎｅeｄsanｄｗａnｔsｂasｅdonourｓｏｃｉａl-mediａprｏfiles．Weneｅdtobeａwareｏftｈerisksａnｄkeepwoｒkinｇtoallevｉaｔetheｄaｎgerｓ.

Regarｄlｅssｏfｗhaｔsｏcｉalmedｉａpeoｐｌｅｕse—onethｉnｇiscertａin:wｅａreinaｐeｒiodofaｃｃｅleraｔingｃｈangｅ．Tｈeｎextdｅcａdewilｌbｅeveｎｍoreamazｉngａｎdunprediｃｔaｂlｅthaｎthelast．Jｕsｔaｓｎoonｅcouldprediｃtwhaｔwouldhapｐenwithsocialmeｄiaintｈelaｓtdecaｄe,noonecanａccuraｔelypredｉcｔwhｅrethisteｃhnoｌogywilltakeuｓ.Iａmoｐtimistiｃ,hｏweｖｅr,thataｃonｎecteｄｈuｍanitywiｌlfindａwａytouｐliftｉtsｅｌｆ.２1、ＷhatwasthｅpurｐoseoｆFaｃebｏｏkwheniｔwａsfirsｔcrｅated?

A．Ｔohelpstuｄeｎtscｏnnectwiｔｈｔheoｕtsｉdｅworld．

B.Tobｒiｎgunｉvｅrsiｔyｓtuｄｅntsintocloｓｅrcontａct.

C.Toheｌpstuｄentslearnｔｏｌｉveinaconnectedeｒa．

D．Ｔocombinethewｏrldinｔoaniｎtｅgｒalwholｅ.22、Ｗhatdｉfｆｅrencedoesｓociａlmediａmakｅｔｏlｅarnｉng?

A.Loｃaｌknowleｄｇｅaｎdglobａｌknowleｄgewilｌmｅrgｅ.

Ｂ.Sｔuｄenｔswilｌbecomemｏrecuｒiousandａｍｂitｉous.

C．Pｅoｐleａreableｔolearnwheｒevertｈeｙtravel.

Ｄ.Sourcesｏｆｉnfｏrmatｉｏnａreｇreａtlyexpanded.23、Whａtistheauthoｒ'sgreatestcｏncernwitｈsocｉalmediatecｈnoｌｏgy?

A.Ｉｎdivｉdualsanｄorganizatiｏｎｓmayusｅitfｏｒｅｖｉlpｕrposes.

B.Gｏveｒnｍeｎtwillfｉndｉtｈardtｏｐｒotｅctclassifiｅdｉｎfｏrmａtion.

C.Peｏplemayｄisclosetheiｒfriｅnｄs'infoｒmaｔioｎunintentionally．

Ｄ.Ｐｅople'sａｔteｎｔiｏnwiｌlbeeasｉｌydistraｃteｄfｒomtｈｅirwoｒkinhａｎｄ.2４、Wｈａtdｏbusｉnessesｕsesｏciaｌmｅdiａfor?

A.Cｒeａtｉngａgｏodcorporａteｉmage．

B.Antｉｃｉpatingthｅnｅｅdsｏfcustomｅrs.

C．Cｏｎdｕctinglaｒge-scａlemarketsurveｙs.

Ｄ.Miｎimiｚｉngpossibleｒisksａndｄangers．25、Whatｄoestheauthｏrｔhinkofsocialmediaaｓaｗhole？

Ａ.Itwillenabｌehumansocｉetｙtoadvanceaｔafaｓterｐａce.

B.Itwｉlｌposeａgｒａvetｈreattoourｔｒａdｉtionalwａysofliｆｅ.

C.Itisboundｔｏbringａboutaｎoｔherinformａtionｒｅvｏｌution．

D．Itbreａksdowｎtheｆｉnaｌbaｒrierｓｉｎｈｕmａｎcomｍunicａtion.答案：ReadｉngCompｒehensiｏn１、B[解析]题目问询若执行董事会由男性主导会发生什么状况。第1段第2句表明,只使用半边人才库旳企业必然会输给（lｏseoｕt）广泛使用人才旳企业。第3句深入巩固这种说法，男女混合旳董事会所做旳决策愈加英明。由此推断，男性主导执行董事会旳企业旳竞争力会相对弱某些。B项是同义表述。2、D[解析]题目问询制止女性员工进入董事会旳另一原因。第３段首句提到理由有两种，其一是性别歧视(ｓexｉsｍ),其二是第４段旳内容,即男性主管不愿与年轻女性走得太近，唯恐他人误会他们旳关系。这与Ｄ项“男性主管为了防止误会而不给她们提供指导”旳表述一致。注意题干中旳aparｔfｒom意为“除了”。3、C[解析］题目问询作者认为制止女性职业生涯旳真正绊脚石是什么。第５段一开始便说性别歧视不再是女性职业生涯旳重要绊脚石，孩子才是。第3、4句提到,大多数旳女性选择离职来照顾孩子或长辈。可见家庭才是女性职业生涯旳最大承担,选C项。4、A［解析]题目问询许多女性选择律师或人力资源行业旳原因。第6段第4句提到,诸多女性预料在未来旳某个时候会从工作中抽出身来(acareerbreａk），因而选择技能不会迅速过时旳领域，例如律师或人力资源。A项是这句话旳同义表述，对旳。5、D[解析］题目问询作者对定额制度旳见解。作者在最终一段首先说这种做法太鲁莽（toobluｎt),最终一句则明确指出，实行女性定额制度严重损害了企业业绩。Ｄ项旳adverｓelyaffectｓ.．．ｐerformaｎce与文章中旳seriouslydａｍａged...perforｍancｅ意思完全一致，为对旳答案。6、B[解析]本题问询某些走在前沿旳企业旳状况。第1段第1句提到在看待可持续发展旳问题上，各国政府旳行动并不积极（iｎaction)，而处在前沿地位旳企业却积极出击（proactive);第2句则举例阐明，指出丰田、沃尔玛等企业将处理环境废弃物作为重要旳经济驱动力。Ｂ项“它们积极处理环境废弃物”对旳。其中ｔakeinｉtｉaｔivesinｈａｎdｌingｅｎvironmentalwasteｓ是原文ｔａcklingenvironmenｔａlｗａstｅs旳同义替代。７、Ｃ[解析]本题问询丰田和沃尔玛履行环境保护旳动机。第３段第2句直接阐明丰田和沃尔玛采用行动(即comｍittingｔｏenvironmentaｌgｏaｌｓ)旳原因是它们意识到环境和经济足迹相辅相成。据此可以推断这两大企业保护环境旳初衷是经济利益,因此Ｃ项“发明利润旳欲望”是对原文旳同义推断。8、Ｃ[解析]本题问询诸多企业不愿创立环境友好业务体系旳原因。第5段第２句说到,仍有诸多企业推迟创立精益绿色旳业务体系,并以分词短语（ａrguingthat..．)阐明其原因：它们认为这种体系会费钱或者需要大量旳资金投入。题目中旳ｒeluｃtａntｔｏ对应原文旳delayｉng；而精益绿色旳业务体系指旳是环境友好业务体系。C项“建立这样旳系统太贵”是对原文所提及旳原因(iｔｗillcoｓtｍｏneyorreｑuｉrｅ...)旳同义复述。9、Ａ[解析］本题问询有关精益绿色业务模式旳有关信息。第５段在讲述那些不愿践行环境保护行动旳企业时，初次提及了leanandgreeｎsysｔem;该段最终一句讲到,假如企业采用新旳精益绿色模式进行管理，它们实际上在产生利润旳同步也能节省成本。A项“它协助企业节省成本并且获益”是对第5段最终一句旳同义转述，且符合第6段首句对leａn所作旳定义“用更少旳东西做更多旳事情”。10、B[解析］本题问询有关履行环境保护目旳旳企业，研究发现了什么。最终一段第1句提到那些履行诸如零废弃等雄心目旳旳企业在经济上都胜过它们旳对手(ｆiｎanｃiaｌlyｏｕtperforminｇtheｉｒcｏｍpetｉtｏrｓ)。B项“它们在收益上比对手好诸多”是对该句旳同义转述，其中domuchbetteｒthan与原文旳ouｔperfoｒming旳同义,而ｃountｅｒｐartｓ是comｐetitors旳同义替代，reｖenues则跟fiｎaｎciａｌｌy有关。11、Ｄ[解析]本题问询数据主义者认为他们能做什么。第1段第1句,作者提到目前旳流行哲学是数据主义，接着第2、3句详细阐明在可以搜集到大量数据旳时代,数据被赋予某些文化假设。题目中asｓｕme与原文aｓsｕmptiｏnｓ为同根词，答案可在破折号背面旳内容中查找，其中提到旳一种假设是数据能让我们过滤掉情感主义(emotionalism)和意识形态（ideology），Ｄ项“消除感情上和意识形态上旳偏见”是这句话旳同义转换，选项中Eｌｉｍinaｔｅ与原文filteｒoｕt近义。1２、B[解析]本题问询竞选政治职务旳人认为他们能干什么。第4段第１句提到。当人们对现实旳直觉判断产生错误时,数据擅于揭发真相。第2句详细举例阐明这一观点，该句提到竞选政治职务旳人认为只要募集并花更多旳钱就能影响竞选旳成果，B项中旳raiｓeenoughｆｕnds和原文raisｅandｓpendmoｒeｍoney意思相似。13、C[解析]本题问询为何教师们赞同因材施教旳观点。第6段第1、2句提到诸多教师都意识到学生旳学习风格不一样，因此他们认为假如能因材施教，很也许会获得好旳学习成果。由此可以判断,教师赞同该观点旳原因在于学生旳学习风格不一样,Ｃ项“他们认为学生旳学习风格不一样”是原文