2026年上海市松江区高三下学期二模英语试卷含答案

GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.FindingFocusinaDistractedItisreallyhardtopreventyourmindfromwandering.Mostpeopleremember(1) (tell)tostopdaydreamingandfocusatschool;foradults,maintainingconcentrationremainsachallenge.Therefore,thereisnecessityforustounderstandthesciencebehindfocusandrecognizetheverystrategies(2) canmakeasubstantialdifference.Scientists,aftertheirexplorationof(3) ourbrain’sconcentrationisenhanced,haveuncoveredpracticalstrategiesforstaying“inthezone”.AccordingtoScienceFocus,managingyourenvironmentisessential.Silenceoffersthebestconditionsfordeepconcentration.Andgentlebackgroundnoise,(4) coffeeshoptalking,alsoshowseffectivenessinimprovingconcentration.Furthermore,switchingoffinstantmessagesorpoweringdownsmartphones (remove)significantdigitaldistractionsandsharpensfocusonimmediatetasks.Besidesenvironmentaladjustments,anothereffectivemethodinvolvesmentaltraining.AttentionresearcherNilliLaviefromUniversityCollegeLondonhasdiscoveredthatmakingtasksvisuallyexhaustingoccupiesmoreprocessingpower,decreasingthepossibilityfordistractions.Andthisdiscoverysuggeststhat(6) (strengthen)ourabilitytomaintainattention,weshouldtrainourmindtoactivatemoreprocessingpowerwhenfacingtasks.Morepracticaltechniquesareintroducedtokeepyourmind(7) (concentrate)onwhatyouaredoing.Selectingaworkspacefreefromtemptation,creatingato-dolistrankingtasksclearly,orevenchewinggumprovesbeneficial.Researchsuggestschewingmayoccupycertainbrainregionsthatareeasilydistracted,thusanchoringattentionmoreeffectively.Thesebehavioraladjustmentsworkwonderfullywellrespectively,andwhencombined,theycanimprovefocustoa(8) (great)extent.Nevertheless,distractionisnotentirelynegative.ScienceFocusnotesthatconstant,steadyfocuswouldcauseustooverlookpotentialthreatsandotherimportantenvironmentalchanges.Inthissense,distractionservesanessentialsurvivalfunction.Thekeytakeawayisbalance:(9) weshouldapplystrategiestoimproveconcentration,wemustrecognizethatadistraction-freestateisneitherrealisticnordesirable.Ultimately,abalancedmentalstate, thatallowsforbothfocusedworkandenvironmentalawareness,remainsthehealthiestlong-termSectionDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.B.C.D.E.G.H.I.J.K.WhyArePhotosTakenDuringBlueAsaprofessionalphotographer,I’vetakenmanyofmyfavoritepicturesatbluehour—thetimeofdaybeforesunriseoraftersunsetwhentheatmospherehasadeep,darkbluecolor.Bluehourisnotreallyanhour—itsexactlengthdependsonyourlocation,timeofyear,andweatherconditions.Theimportantthingisthatthesunisa(n)11waybeneaththehorizonsotheskyhasneithertoomanynortoofewsunriseorsunsetcolors—mainlyjustblue.Therearereasonswhybluehourissoprecious.First,notasmanypeopletakephotosatbluehourcomparedtosunriseandsunset.Thisgivesyouthechancetocaptureappealingimagesatpopularlocationswithlimitedorevenzerocrowds.Second,bluehourseizescertainemotionsinthescenesthatare12trickytoexpress.Thecolorbluecarriesitsownuniqueemotionalexpression:sadness,peace,andsoon.Ifyourphoto13suchemotionalexpression,it’shardtoignorethistimeofday.Third,bluehourcombinestunesofaphotointoanintegratedwhole.Ioncestruggledtokeepcolorsinmyphotosin14forthebestpossibleresultsbutfailed.Fortunately,themagicpowerofbluehourhelpsto15that.Greentrees,yellowflowersandredrocksallappearsomekindofblue—16colorsgoalongwellintheimagestakenatthattime.Fourth,thereispossibilitythatother17oflight,suchaswarmlightfrombuildings,createanimportantcircumstancewhenportionsofyourphotodonotturnblueduringthebluehour.Insuchacase,yourphotohasabeautifulorange-bluecolor18—alovelyflavorbeyonditspreviousharmoniouspresence.However,thereisusuallyonlyabriefwindowwhenthenaturalandartificiallightsareaboutthesamebrightness,soa(n)19clickofthecamerabuttonisthecriticalsteptomakeforthemostevenexposurebetweenInspiteofthecarefultechniquesandrightsettingsthebluehourphotographyrequires,ityouwithgreatpictures.Theemotionsofbluehourdonotworkforeachsceneorphoto,butwhentheydo,youwillbeReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ResearchersfromRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteandYaleUniversityhavesuccessfullydevelopeda3Dbioprintingmethodthatproducesworkingartificialskinwithfullbloodvessel血管)networks.Thisrepresentsanimportantstepforwardinmakingskin21thatcansuccessfullyjoinwiththebody’soriginalsystem.Currentmedicalchoicesforseriousburnsufferersandpatientswithlargewounds22.Oneisself-donatedskintransplants.Whileusefulwhentheywork,theymaycausenewwoundsatthedonationareasandareoftenrestrictedbyhowmuchhealthyskinisavailable,whichcanbevery23forpatientswithextensiveburns.Theotherchoiceisthestandardartificialskinproduct,usuallymadefromanimalskin.Theyactasshort-termbiologicalcoveringsthatlackfunctionalbloodvesselsandoftenmeetimmune(免疫的)system24.Thiscancausetissuedamage,andtheeventuallossofthetransplant.Moreadvancedalternativesthatcan25humanskin’sstructureandfunctionareinurgentneed.26,theresearchteamusesaspecialbio-inktoreproducetheskin.Theyuseskincellsfrompartofababy’sbodytoconstitutethe27.Fortheunderlyinglayer,theyuseamixtureofcellsfromababy’sbloodfromthebirthcord(脐带)andastickysubstancefromrattails.Afterthelayer-by-layerprinting,thecellsformdetailedbloodvesselnetworkssimilarto28bloodvessels.resultshaveshownoutstandingsuccessinanimalstudies,withartificialskinshowingworkingbloodvessels29themice’sownbloodflowwithinfourweeks.Thisallowscontinuousbloodflowbetweentheoriginalsystemandthe30,boostingsurvivalandtissuedevelopment.Despitethese31developments,alongjourneyliesaheadbeforemedicalusebecomespossible.Researchersfirstneedtodevelopfully32alternativesbecausethecurrentuseofanimalskinrisksimmunereactions.33,thetechnologyrequiresfurtherdevelopmenttoincludeimportantskinpartssuchashairrootsandfeelingnerves.Andskincolorcontrol,achievable34byaddingcolorcells,needsexperimentalassessmenttoensuresteadyandvisuallymatchingresultsacrossdifferentpatientgroups.Thoughthingslikeovercomingregulatorybarriersposeequallycriticalchallengesalongsidetechnicaldevelopment,thesciencecommunitywidelyagreesthat3Dbioprintingholdssignificantpotentialto35burnandwoundcare.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.Tosetan B.TocomparewiththisC.Toaddress D.TomakeitA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.reacting B.withdrawing C.settling D.integratingA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.government-fundedB.mass- C.human- D.lab-A. C. A.on B.at C.by D.inA. B. C. D.SectionDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.ThesummerIturned40,Istartedrunning—notinanathleticordisciplinedway,butdesperately,almostbreathlessly.Iwasstrugglingwithanxietyaftergivingbirthtooursecondchild.Mymindfeltlikearoomwith100voices,allofthemscreaming.Icouldn’tquietthepanic.Adoctorsuggestedthatinsteadoftryingtocalmmythoughts,Ishouldtrytoconnectwithmybody.“Startsmall,”shesaid,“Justmove.”So,Iputonanoldpairofsportsshoes.Mygoalwastoruntotheendofmystreet—justonemailboxdown.Imadeit,butmylungsburnedandmylegsshook.Iwalkedhome,defeated.Yet,thenextday,Itriedagain.AndthedayafterSlowly,themailboxturnedintotwomailboxes,thenalaparoundtheblock.Iwasslow.Iwasawkward.ButIwasDuringthoseruns,Ibegantounderstandsomething.Running,especiallywhenyoudon’tfeellikeit,isanactofleadershipoveryourownsoul.Youareboththepresidentandthecitizenofyourbody.Thepartofyouthatwantstoquit,togohome,tocollapseonthesofa,isthetiredcitizen.Thepartofyouthatsays,“Justonemorestep,”“Justtothattree,”isthepresident—theonewhomustdecideforthegoodofthewhole,whomustcarrytheweightoftheeffortevenwhenit’shard.Myanxietyhadmademeapassivepassengerinmyownlife.Runningtaughtmehowtoshowupandlead.Itwasonarun,aboutthreemonthsin,strugglingupahill,thataclearthoughtbrokethroughthementalnoise:“Iamdoingsomethinghard,andIamokay.”Mybody,whichhadfeltliketherootofmyfailure(tootired,tooweak,tooanxious),becametherootofmystrength.Ineverranamarathon.Mypacenevergotimpressivelyfast.ButIlearnedtorunlikeapresident:tomakethehardchoicetomoveforwardwheneveryfiberwantstostop; WhatisthebesttitleforthisSilencingthe100 B.FromMailboxestoC.RunningasthePresidentofYourOwn D.TheRestorativePowerofaDoctor’sWhydidthewriterstartTodealwithherhearing B.TomanageanxietythroughC.Tocounterthepanicaboutagingafter D.TocreatepersonalspaceinacrowdedThesentence“Runningtaughtmehowtoshowupandlead.”inparagraph5indicatesthat IfiguredouthowtoshowupontherunningrunningtaughtmetoletthebodynaturallyleadtheIdiscoveredhowtotakecontrolofmylifethroughrunninghelpedmestopbeingpassiveandstartleadingWhichofthefollowingbestfitsintheblankinthelasttoclaimmypresenceinadistantworld—tofeelrealtokeepgoingevenwhenIcan’trunfast—toleadaslowtomeetthepartofmyselfIrunawayfrom—theimperfecttobearthediscomfortforagreatergood—thegoodofmyownHowtoObserveVariableVariablestarsare,asthenamesuggests,starsthatvaryinbrightness.Theycanbeinterestingtoobserve,andthisiswhereamateurastronomycanmakegreatcontributionstotheprofessionalarea.Step1:FindingVariable#1Gooutobservingstars.Gooutandfamiliarizeyourselfwiththestars.#2Identifyavariablestaryouwanttoobserve(targetstar).#3Findacoupleofnon-variablestars(guidestars)nearyourstar.Thesestarsshouldbeofasimilarbrightnesstoyourtargetstar.#4ComparehowbrightthevariablestaristotheguidestarseveryStep2:RecordingYour#1Getyourselfanotebookandapencil.Ifyouneedaflashlight,placearedfilter(过滤器)whenthelightshinesthrough.Usingaflashlightwithoutdoingthiswillruinyournightvision.#2Atthetop,writedownthenameofthetargetstarandthentheguide#3Everynight,recordhowbrightyourtargetstariscomparedtotheguidestars.Writedownthedateandtimeas#4Trydrawingachartofhowyourtargetstarchangesinitsbrightness.Thechartcanhelpyouidentifywhattypeofvariablestaryouareobserving.Step3:Identifyingthe#1Basedonyourchart,judgeifyourtargetstarbelongstothemaintypesortherarertypesofvariablestars.Themaintypesgenerallyhaveregularandpredictablevariations,whiletherarertypesdon’t.#2Ifyourtargetstarbelongstothemaintypesofvariablestars,clickhereforreferencechartstoidentifyitssubtype.Ifitbelongstotherarertypes,refertothefollowingexplanationsandreferencecharts.Flarestarsspendmostoftheirtimeatalowbrightness,andsometimes,forafewminutes,jumpupinRecurrentnovaearesimilartoflarestars,buttheyhavemuchgreaterjumpsinbrightness,andjumpsarealotRCoronaeBorealisstarsspendmosttimeattheirmaximumbrightness.Atunpredictableintervals,theirbrightnessdecreasesquickly,andthengoesbackup.Supernovaearerareevents.Whenastarrunsoutoffuel,itslifechangesdramatically.Theyareincrediblybright,butseeingonewiththenakedeyecanbeaonce-in-a-lifetimeevent. RecurrentRRCoronae(*Intheabovereferencecharts,TstandsforTIME;BstandsforWecanlearnaboutstarobservationfromthepassagethat guidestarsshouldbechosenbeforeatarget B.properuseofflashlightsrequiresanextraC.Supernovaearebetterobservedwiththenaked D.drawingchartsisaimedtocomparethetargetWhichofthefollowingchartbestillustratesthechangeinbrightnessofaRecurrent Thispassageistakenfromawebsite.FromwhichsectionwillwemostlylikefindA.Career B. C.Family D.ProductiveWhatmakesthebrainabletohelpusperformcomplextasksinanamazingway?Precisionisn’ttheanswer;instead,itallcomesdowntothebrain’smessiness.Hengen,abiologistatWashingtonUniversity,togetherwithotherscientists,referstothisideaasthecriticalbrainhypothesis(假说Accordingtothem,greymatterinourbrainliesnearatippingpointbetweenorderanddisorderthattheycallthecriticalzone.Theyreachtheconclusionthatcriticality—thestateofbeinginthecriticalzone—offersapowerfulsetofguidelinesforunderstandingbrainfunctionanddysfunction.Therefore,thehypothesismayaidustofigureoutthedivideinintelligenceandthepurposeofsleep,amongotherWhatmakespeoplesmarter?Thatthehealthybrain,whileawake,nevermovestoofarfromcriticalitysuggeststhatitmustcarrysomegreatadvantages.Oneofthemistherangeofinformationsendingandprocessing.Sincethecriticalsystemsarescale-invariant,signalscanbepassedoverbothsmallandlargedistancesinthebrain,whichenablescommunicationbothwithinandbetweendifferentbrainregions.Thefactthatahealthybraincanexploretheentirespaceforsolutionsguaranteesitsexcellentadaptivenesstonewsituations.AndtheenhancedflexibilityarisingfromthecriticalzonecouldbeseeninanexperimentdoneinFinland.Theparticipantshadtoplayacomputergamethatconstantlychangeditsrules,whichrequiredthemtoupdatetheirapproachquickly.Theclosertheirbrainsweretothecriticalpoint,thebettertheyperformed.Itisalsosuspectedthatthebrain’sclosenesstothecriticalpointmaybeespeciallyimportantforcreativity.Whydopeoplesleep?Largedeparturesfromthecriticalzone—eitherintoorderordisorder—maycausebraindysfunction.Thelongerweworkthebrain,thefurtheritmovesfromthetippingpoint,butsleephelpstotuneitback.Hengenfoundthatwithoutthatrestperiod,thebrainwouldfailtoreachitsbeststate,resultinginthereductionofcognitive(认知的)performancethathaslongbeenknowntoaccompanysleeplessness.AccordingtoO’ByrnefromUniversityofMontreal,themostimportantfunctionofsleepmaybetoallowthebrain’sconnectionstobeadjustedtoreturnwhole-braindynamicstothecriticalWhatdoestheexpressionthisideainparagraph2ThestructureofthebrainisacomplexPrecisionofthetasksaffectsthebrain’sThebrainisabletocompletegiventasksinanamazingMessinessofthebrainenablesittohandlecomplexItcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that adaptabilityisnotascloselyconnectedtocriticalityasthechangingrulespromotespeople’sperformanceinplayingsignals’quickpassinginthebrainrepresentsitsexcellentclosenesstocriticalityallowscross-regionalcommunicationintheWhatcanweconcludefromthelastFrequentuseofbrainmovesitfromSleepcanservetoenlargebrain’scriticalSleepaidsinbringingthebrainbacktoBrain’sapproachingcriticalitycausesWhatisthepassagemainlyWhenthebrainreachesandleavesthetippingWhatthecriticalbrainhypothesismeansandHowcriticalityaffectsdifferentpeople’sWhybrainfunctionanddysfunctionaresoSectionDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.Furthermore,Furthermore,Diaohelpstheinsurancecompaniestoassesselephant-relatedNowvariouspreparationsoftheparkareprogressingsteadilyinlinewithgoodTherefore,localpeopledecidedtocombinetheirowneffortstodrivetheelephantsInresponsetotheapplication,locallawsandpoliciesaremadeandenactedatafastThatisasevereproblemfacingthelocalpeopleanddifferentsidesareattemptingtosolveTohim,theparkisacombinationoflocals’peaceandcontentmentandelephants’suitableEffortstoEnhanceWildElephantDeepintherainforestsofsouthwestChina’sYunnanProvince,everytimewintercomes,theamountofwildfoodgoesdown,leadingtoelephants’frequentvisitstovillagesinsearchoffood.InJiangchengCounty,Pu’erCity,morethan50wildAsianelephantsliveallyearround.Thedamagetheycauseisshocking. Adedicatedteamisnowworkingtoensurepeacefulcoexistencebetweenhumansandwildelephants,andDiaoFaxingistheleader.HeandhiscoworkersaretaskedwithmonitoringAsianelephantsandgivingalerts.Theymusttrackthemovementsofdozensofelephantsinrealtimeovernearly1,000squarekilometers.Oncespottingelephantsinthearea,theygivewarningstonearbyvillagerstokeeptheirdistancewithoutdelay. Heexplainedthatin2010,YunnanProvincestartedapublicinsurancesystemforwildanimalincidents,fullyfundedbythegovernment.Theelephantsusuallycometoeatvillagers’cropsandthenleave,whichisalmostlikethelocalsareraisingthem.Whensuchincidentsoccur,insurancecompaniespaymoneytohouseholdstomakeupfortheirlosses.Thankstoproperassessmentofthedamageandgovernment’sfinancialsupport,thesystemworkssmoothly.In2022,YunnansuccessfullyappliedtotheStateCounciltoestablishtheAsianElephantNationalPark,withtheproposedareacoveringover386squarekilometers. First,China’sNationalParkLaw,whichcameintoforceonJanuary1,2026,hasprovidedastronglegalfoundationforthepark’sestablishment.AndaccordingtotheDepartmentofNatureReserveManagementOffice,otherpreparationisalsoadvancing—baselineresearch,specializedresourcesurveys,habitatrestoration,ecologicalrepair,publiceducation,andconflictresolution.Thegoalistoenhanceprotectionandspreadawarenesstosupportthepark’sestablishment.Diaoseesawin-winsituationforbothnatureandhumanbeing.“BuildinganAsianElephantNationalParkgiveselephantsahome.Atthesametime,wecoulddeveloptourism,withlocalpeoplehelpingtoattractvisitors,”hesaid. Andthatisthecornerstoneofcoexistencebetweenpeopleandelephants.SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.HelpingOurbodiesageatdifferentrates,butofferingregularhelpcanreducetherateofbrainagingbyaround15to20percent,accordingtoaresearchteamfromtheUniversityofTexasandtheUniversityofMassachusetts.Thefindingsarebasedontelephonesurveydatafrom31,303peopleover50.Scoresonbraintestsweremappedagainsthelpingbehavior,whetherstructuredvolunteeringwithanorganizationorsimplygivingfriends,relativesandneighborsahandasneeded.Thebenefitswereevidentforboth.Researchershavetriedtodigoutthemechanismbehindandoneoftheirfindingsisthathelpingothersregularlyprovidesmuchmentalstimulation.Whenweoffersupport,ourbrainsareactivelyengagedinexercisesthatstrengthenneural(神经的)connections.Muchlikeamuscle,thebrainstrengthenswithfrequentuse.Dealingwithotherchallengesandunderstandingtheirperspectivescreatenewneuralpathways.Overtime,suchstimulationhelpssharpmemoryandvariousothermentalfunctions.Moreover,ithasbeenfoundthathelpingreduceslonelinessthroughshiftingthehelpers’focusoutwardandmakingtheirconnectionwithotherpeople.Farfrombeing