2021年12月全国大学英语CET四级真题和答案解析（第一套）

2021年12月全国大学英语CET四级真题和答案解析（第一套）PartIWriting(30minutes)DirectionsSupposeyourschoolisorganizinganorientationprogramtohelpthefreshmenadapttothenewenvironmentandacademicstudies.Youarenowtowriteaproposal,whichmayincludeitsaim,duration,participantsandactivities.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheproposal.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.真题范文AProposalfortheFreshmenOrientationProgramDearSirorMadam,Iamwritingthisproposaltosuggestanorientationprogramaimedathelpingfreshmenquicklyadapttocampuslifeandacademicstudies.Theprimaryaimoftheprogramistoeliminatefreshmen’sconfusionaboutthenewenvironmentandhelpthemestablishagoodlearningrhythm.Itisplannedtolastforoneweekbeforetheformalclassesstart,andallfreshmenaretheparticipants,withseniorstudentsandteachersinvitedasguides.Variousactivitieswillbearranged.Firstly,acampustourwillbeheldtoshowfreshmenaroundteachingbuildings,librariesanddininghalls.Secondly,seniorstudentswillsharetheirlearningexperienceandcampuslifetips.Finally,ateapartywillbeorganizedtohelpfreshmenmakefriendsandreduceloneliness.Ihopethisprogramwillbehelpfulforfreshmen.Iamlookingforwardtoyourapproval.Yourssincerely,LiMing答案解析1.格式规范：采用正式提案格式，包含称呼、正文、结尾敬语及署名，符合四级应用文写作要求，语气得体、正式。2.内容完整：严格覆盖题干要求的4个核心要点——aim（帮助新生适应环境和学业）、duration（正式上课前一周）、participants（所有新生，邀请学长和老师）、activities（校园参观、经验分享、茶话会），无遗漏。3.语言表达：句式简洁流畅，使用简单句和复合句结合，避免语法错误；搭配合理，如“eliminateconfusion”“establishagoodlearningrhythm”“shareexperience”等短语符合四级词汇要求，字数控制在120-180词之间。4.逻辑清晰：采用“总-分-总”结构，开头说明提案目的，中间分点阐述核心内容，结尾表达期望，层次分明，逻辑连贯。PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionA(NewsReports)DirectionsInthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)ItfoundapetdogonboardaplanetoacityinTexas.B)Ithadoneofitscargoplaneslandatawrongairport.C)Itsenttwodogstothewrongdestinations.D)Ithadtwoofitsdomesticflightsmixedup.2.A)Correcttheirmistakeassoonaspossible.B)Givethetwopetsaphysicalcheckup.C)Hireacharterjettobringthepetsback.D)Sendanotherplanetocontinuetheflight.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Sheweighs130kilograms.B)Shehashadbabiesbefore.C)ShewasbroughtfromAfrica.D)Shehasabigfamilyofsix.4.A)Ittook22hours.B)Ithadsomecomplications.C)Itwassmooth.D)ItwasmonitoredbyDr.SueTygielski.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Itenjoyedgreatpopularity.B)Itstartedbusinessthreeyearsago.C)Itwasfrequentedbynewly-weds.D)Itwasbuiltabovethesea-water.6.A)Expandhisbusinessonthebeach.B)Replacetherestaurant'swoodendeck.C)Postapictureofhisrestaurantonline.D)Celebratehissilverweddinganniversary.7.A)Shesolditfortwothousanddollars.B)Shetookittotherestaurantmanager.C)SheposteditspictureonFacebook.D)Shereturnedittoitsownerrightaway.SectionB(LongConversations)DirectionsInthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Thenumberofduckshasdeclinedsharplyinrecentyears.B)Climatechangehaslittleeffectonthelivesofwildducks.C)DuckmeatisnoteateninAustralia,CanadaandtheU.S.D)Duckhuntingremainslegalinmanypartsoftheworld.9.A)Droughts.B)Bushfires.C)Farming.D)Hunting.10.A)Theyarenoteasytodomesticate.B)Theirmeatisnotthatpopular.C)Itisnotenvironmentallyfriendly.D)Itisnotconsideredcost-effective.11.A)Theyhuntedducksasatraditionalsport.B)Theykilledwildducksandgeeseforfood.C)Theyraisedducksandgeesefortheireggs.D)Theypoisonedwildducksinlargenumbers.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Haveherhouserepainted.B)Replacesomeofheroldfurniture.C)Moveintoanewly-paintedhouse.D)Calculatethecostofthepaintjob.13.A)Howlongtheworkwilltake.B)Howmuchtheworkwillcost.C)Howthepaintjobistobedone.D)Howmanyworkersareneeded.14.A)Coverupherfurniture.B)Asksomefriendsforhelp.C)Staysomewhereelse.D)Overseetheworkherself.15.A)Shecouldhaveaskedafriendforhelpwiththepaintjob.B)Paintingahouseinvolvesmoretroublethanshethought.C)Sheshouldhaverepaintedherhousemuchearlier.D)Movingherfurnitureismoredifficultthanthepaintjob.SectionC(Passages)DirectionsInthissection,youwillhearthreeshortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Tocultivategoodhabits.B)Toprepareforsecondaryschool.C)Toreviewwhatislearnedinclass.D)Topromotecreativethinking.17.A)Discusstheiracademicachievementswiththem.B)Createanidealstudyenvironmentforthem.C)Allowthemtolearnindependently.D)Checktheirhomeworkpromptly.18.A)Finishthembeforetheygettired.B)Tacklethemostdifficultonesfirst.C)Startwithsomethingtheyenjoy.D)Focusonthemostimportantones.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theimportanceofsleeptoahealthylife.B)Therelationshipbetweensleepanddiet.C)Thesecretofalonglife.D)Thenegativeeffectsofsleeploss.20.A)Theyaremorelikelytobeoverweight.B)Theyaremorepronetomoodswings.C)Theyaremorelikelytosufferfromheartdisease.D)Theyaremoresusceptibletoillness.21.A)ExercisemoreandwatchlessTV.B)Sleepeighthoursanight.C)Eatmorevegetablesandlessmeat.D)Gotobedearlierandgetupearlier.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Tointroducetheconceptofforgiveness.B)Toexplainwhypeopleneedforgiveness.C)Toteachpeoplehowtopracticeforgiveness.D)Todiscussthebenefitsofforgiveness.23.A)Itcanreducestressandpain.B)Itcanhelppeoplemakefriends.C)Itcanimprovementalclarity.D)Itcanstrengthenfamilyties.24.A)Itisasignofweakness.B)Itisnoteasytoachieve.C)Ittakesalotoftime.D)Itrequirespatience.25.A)Bymakinganapologyfirst.B)Byreflectingontheirownmistakes.C)Byseekingprofessionalhelp.D)Byfocusingontheirowninterests.听力答案SectionA：1.C2.A3.B4.C5.D6.B7.CSectionB：8.D9.B10.C11.B12.A13.B14.C15.BSectionC：16.B17.B18.C19.A20.D21.B22.D23.A24.B25.B答案解析核心解题思路：听力题重点考查“听到即所得”，需聚焦对话/新闻/短文的核心信息（时间、地点、人物、事件、观点），排除干扰项（与原文细节矛盾、未提及、过度推断的选项）。1.新闻报道：重点听首句（主旨）和数字、因果、转折后的内容（如but、however、so后的信息），第1题对应新闻中“sendtwodogstowrongdestinations”，直接匹配选项C；第2题对应“correctthemistakeassoonaspossible”，匹配选项A。2.长对话：注意对话双方的语气和核心诉求，如第8题围绕“duckhunting”展开，原文明确提到“duckhuntingremainslegalinmanypartsoftheworld”，对应选项D；第12题女士核心需求是“haveherhouserepainted”，直接锁定选项A。3.短文理解：聚焦短文主旨和细节，如第19题短文围绕“sleep’simportancetohealthylife”展开，对应选项A；第23题提到“forgivenesscanreducestressandpain”，匹配选项A。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionA(BankedCloze)DirectionsInthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.PassageThesheetsaredampwithsweat.You'recold,butyourheartisracingasifanassailantjustchasedyoudownadarkstreet.Itwasjustanightmare,youtellyourself;there'snothingtobeafraidof.Butyou'restillfilledwith__26__.Givenhowunsettlingandhauntingnightmarescanbe,isthereawayfordreamersto__27__,oreventurnoff,thesebaddreamsastheyhappen?Researchis___28___,butsomestudiessuggestthatpeoplewhocanmasterluciddreaming—thatis,theabilitytobe__29__thatanightmareishappeningandpossiblyevencontrolitwithoutwakingup—mayholdthe__30__.Nightmaresarepartofthehumanexperience,especiallyforkids.Doctors___31__don'tconsideroccasionalnightmaresaproblem,butthereareoptionsforpeoplewhosenightmaresoccurfrequentlyandnegativelyaffecttheirlivesduringtheday.Thesecanbesymptomsofnightmaredisorder,asleepdisorderthatcanstemfromtrauma,stressandcertaindrugs.Totreatnightmaredisorder,thereareanumberofmedicationsandtherapiesthatarebackedby___32___research,accordingtotheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine,whichanalyzedtheavailableresearchonthetreatmentofnightmaredisorderina2010__33__publishedintheJournalofClinicalSleepMedicine.However,nightmaresarecomplicated,andresearchersarestillstrugglingtounderstandthem,saidDr.RachelSalas,anexpertonsleepdisordersandanassociateprofessorofneurologyatJohnsHopkinsMedicineinBaltimore.Whatwedoknowisthatpeople__35__tohavedifferentkindsofnightmaresatdifferentpointsduringthesleepcycle.WordBankA)answerB)avoidC)awareD)botherE)constantF)definitelyG)fearH)limitedI)merelyJ)resultK)reviewL)rigorousM)tendN)timidityO)typically答案26.G27.C28.H29.D30.A31.O32.L33.K34.（原文缺失，无对应选项）35.M答案解析1.26题：空格前为befilledwith，需填名词；结合前文“nightmare（噩梦）”“afraid”，可知此处表达“充满恐惧”，选G)fear（恐惧）。2.27题：空格前为to，需填动词原形；结合“oreventurnoff（甚至关掉）”，可知此处表达“避免噩梦发生”，选C)avoid（避免）。3.28题：空格前为is，需填形容词；结合后文“but”转折（但一些研究表明...），可知此处表达“研究有限”，选H)limited（有限的）。4.29题：空格前为be，需填形容词；结合“luciddreaming（清醒梦）”，可知此处表达“意识到噩梦正在发生”，选D)aware（意识到的），beawarethat为固定搭配。5.30题：空格前为the，需填名词；结合前文“isthereaway（有方法吗）”，可知此处表达“掌握清醒梦的人可能有答案”，选A)answer（答案）。6.31题：句子结构完整，需填副词；此处表达“医生通常不认为偶尔的噩梦是问题”，选O)typically（通常）。7.32题：空格后为research，需填形容词修饰；结合“backedby（得到支持）”，可知此处表达“严谨的研究”，选L)rigorous（严谨的）。8.33题：空格前为a2010，需填名词；结合“publishedintheJournal（发表在期刊上）”，可知此处表达“2010年的一篇述评”，选K)review（述评）。9.35题：空格前为主语people，需填动词；结合“tendto（通常会）”固定搭配，此处表达“人们在睡眠周期的不同阶段通常会做不同的噩梦”，选M)tend（倾向于，通常会）。SectionB(Matching)DirectionsInthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.PassageA)It’sacommoncomplaint:“I’msobusy,Idon’thavetimetoexercise.”Butbeingbusydoesn’tnecessarilymeanyou’reinactive.Infact,incorporatingsmallamountsofphysicalactivityintoyourdailyroutinecanadduptobighealthbenefits.B)Ms.Lisaidherstressledtosleeplessness.Whenshedidsleepsheexperienced"problem-solvingdreams,"whichleftherfeelingunrestedwhenshewokeup.AfterIbecameafirst-timemother,IquicklyrealizedIwassobusycaringforotherpeopleandworkthatIfeltlikeI'dlostmyself.C)It'sacommonstory—onewefrequentlyridiculeandreadilydismiss,forexample,byclaimingthatwomentendtocomplainmorethanmen,despitethegrowingsumofresearchthatunderlinestheproblem.D)Thedifferenceisnotreallynewstome,asaclinicalpsychologistsaidErinJoyce.E)Thedifference,however,isinthenatureandscopeoftheseresponsibilitiesinthehomeinparticular,“DrJoycesaid.Forexample,theUnitedNationsreportedthatwomendonearlythreetimesasmuchunpaiddomesticworkasmen.F)It'snotjustinsidethehome,though.ResearchfromNovaSoutheasternUniversityfoundthatfemalemanagersweremorelikelythanmalemanagerstodisplayorforceemotionsthatarenotwhollyfelt.G)Surfaceactingisaprimeexampleof"emotionallabor"aconceptthatthewriterJessZimmermanmadefamiliarina2015essay.TheessaysparkedamassivethreadontheInternetcommunityblogMetaFilter.H)LikeMs.Li,manywomentrytomanagetheaddedstresstoreachwhatDrJoycesaidwasanunattainableideal“Someprofessionalwomenaimtodoitall.Theywanttoreachthetopofthecorporateladderandflylikesuper-mom,"shesaid.Whenwomendon’treachthisideal,theyfeelguilty;andevenmorestressed.I)Thestressproblemextendsbeyondmentalhealthwhenyouconsiderthelinkbetweenstress,anxietyandhearthealth.Worse,mostofwhatweknowaboutheartdiseasecomesfromstudiesinvolvingmen.J)Thegoodnewsis,womenaremorelikelythanmentotakechargeoftheirstressandmanageit,theAmericanPsychologicalAssociationreports.Theconceptofself-care,atitscore,isquitesimple.K)Disconnectingfromworkandhomeresponsibilitiesisalsoobviouslyimportant.Butit'smucheasiersaidthandone.Itisimportanttounderstandwhatcausesyourstressinthefirstplace.Statements36.Somecareerwomenwhoaimhightendtofeelguiltyiftheyfailtoachievetheirgoals.37.Theunpaidhouseworkdonebywomenismuchmorethanthatdonebymen.38.Peopleoftenlaughatorignorethefactthatwomentendtocomplainmoreaboutstress.39.Itisdifficulttofreeoneselffromworkandfamilyresponsibilities,butitisimportanttofigureoutthesourceofstressfirst.40.Femalemanagersaremorelikelytoshowemotionstheydon’ttrulyfeelthanmalemanagers.41.Stressisnotonlyharmfultomentalhealthbutalsolinkedtoheartdisease.42.Ms.Li'sstresscausedhertohavesleepproblemsandmadeherfeellostafterbecomingamother.43.Emotionallaboriswellillustratedbysurfaceacting,aconceptmadeknownbyJessZimmermanin2015.44.Womenaremorecapableofhandlingstressthanmen,accordingtotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.45.AclinicalpsychologistnamedErinJoyceisnotsurprisedbythedifferenceinstressbetweenmenandwomen.答案36.H37.E38.C39.K40.F41.I42.B43.G44.J45.D答案解析解题核心：先划出题干关键词，再回原文匹配段落核心信息，无需逐句翻译，重点找同义替换。1.36题：关键词“careerwomen,aimhigh,feelguilty”，对应H段“Someprofessionalwomenaimtodoitall...Whenwomendon’treachthisideal,theyfeelguilty”，同义替换匹配。2.37题：关键词“unpaidhousework,womenmorethanmen”，对应E段“womendonearlythreetimesasmuchunpaiddomesticworkasmen”，domesticwork=housework，同义替换。3.38题：关键词“laughat,ignore,womencomplainmore”，对应C段“wefrequentlyridiculeandreadilydismiss,byclaimingthatwomentendtocomplainmorethanmen”，ridicule=laughat，dismiss=ignore，匹配。4.39题：关键词“difficulttofreefromworkandfamily,figureoutsourceofstress”，对应K段“Disconnectingfromworkandhomeresponsibilitiesisalsoobviouslyimportant.Butit'smucheasiersaidthandone.Itisimportanttounderstandwhatcausesyourstress”，disconnectingfrom=freefrom，understandwhatcauses=figureoutsource，匹配。5.40题：关键词“femalemanagers,showemotionstheydon’ttrulyfeel,morethanmalemanagers”，对应F段“femalemanagersweremorelikelythanmalemanagerstodisplayorforceemotionsthatarenotwhollyfelt”，display=show，notwhollyfelt=don’ttrulyfeel，匹配。6.41题：关键词“stress,harmfultomentalhealth,linkedtoheartdisease”，对应I段“Thestressproblemextendsbeyondmentalhealth...thelinkbetweenstress,anxietyandhearthealth”，extendsbeyondmentalhealth=notonlyharmfultomentalhealth，link=linked，匹配。7.42题：关键词“Ms.Li,stress,sleepproblems,feellost,mother”，对应B段“Ms.Lisaidherstressledtosleeplessness...afterIbecameafirst-timemother...IfeltlikeI'dlostmyself”，sleeplessness=sleepproblems，匹配。8.43题：关键词“emotionallabor,surfaceacting,JessZimmerman,2015”，对应G段“Surfaceactingisaprimeexampleof"emotionallabor"aconceptthatthewriterJessZimmermanmadefamiliarina2015essay”，primeexample=wellillustrated，madefamiliar=madeknown，匹配。9.44题：关键词“women,morecapableofhandlingstress,men,AmericanPsychologicalAssociation”，对应J段“womenaremorelikelythanmentotakechargeoftheirstressandmanageit,theAmericanPsychologicalAssociationreports”，takechargeofandmanage=handle，morelikely=morecapable，匹配。10.45题：关键词“clinicalpsychologist,ErinJoyce,notsurprised,differenceinstress”，对应D段“Thedifferenceisnotreallynewstome,asaclinicalpsychologistsaidErinJoyce”，notreallynews=notsurprised，匹配。SectionC(ReadinginDepth)DirectionsInthissection,therearetwopassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosethebestanswertoeachquestiononAnswerSheet2.PassageOneAsmanyofficeworkersadapttoremotework,citiesmayundergofundamentalchangeifofficesremainunder-utilized.Whowillbenefitifworkingfromhomebecomesthepost-pandemicnorm?Employersarguetheymakeconsiderablesavingsonrealestatewhenworkersshiftfromofficetohomework.However,thesesavingsresultfrompassingcostsontoworkers.Unlessemployeesarefullycompensated,thiscouldbecomeavariantofparasiticcapitalism,wherebycorporateprofitsincreasinglyrelyonextractingvaluefromthepublic—andnowpersonal—realm,ratherthanongeneratingnewvalue.Thoughemployersarebackedbyachorusofremoteworkadvocates,othersnotetheloneliness,reducedproductivityandinefficienciesofextendedremotework.Ifworkingfromhomebecomespermanent,employeeswillhavetodedicatepartoftheirprivatespacetowork.Thisrequirespurchasingdesks,chairsandofficeequipment.Italsomeanshavingprivatespacededicatedtowork:thespacemustbeheated,cleaned,maintainedandpaidfor.Thatdependsonmanythings,butforpurposesofillustration,IhaverunsomeestimatesforMontreal.Theexerciseissimplebutimportant,sinceitbringsthesecostsoutoftherealmofspeculationintotherealmofmeaningfuldiscussion.Roughcalculationsshowthatthesavingsmadebyemployerswhentheirstaffworksfromhomeareofsimilarvaluetothecompensationworkersshouldreceiveforsettingupofficesathome.Whatdoesthismeanforofficesincities?Oneoftwothingsmayhappen:employerspassthesecostsontoemployees.Thiswouldbeaformofexpropriation,withemployeesabsorbingproductioncoststhathavetraditionallybeenpaidbytheemployer.Thisrepresentsaconsiderabletransferofvaluefromemployeestoemployers.Whenemployeesareproperlycompensated,employers’realestatesavingswillbemodest.Ifsavingsaremodest,thenthemanyadvantagesofworkinginoffices—suchaslivelyatmosphere,rapidityofcommunication,team-buildingandacclimatizationofnewemployees—willencourageemployerstoshelvetheideaofremoteworkand,likeyahooin2013,encourageemployeestoworkmostofthetimefromcorporateofficespace.Questions46to50arebasedonthepassage.46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutworkingfromhome?A)Itwillbecomethenormsoonerorlater.B)Itrequiresemployeestoadaptpromptly.C)Itbenefitsemployersattheexpenseofemployees.D)Itwillforcecitiestotransformtheirinfrastructure.47.Whydosomepeopleopposeworkingfromhome?A)Itdiscouragesteamspirit.B)Itinvadesemployees’privacy.C)Itunderminestraditionalvalues.D)Itnegativelyimpactsproductivity.48.WhydidtheauthorruntheestimatesforMontreal?A)Toprovideconvincingdataforseriousdiscussion.B)Toillustratethegrowingdemandforremotework.C)Toshowtheimpactofremoteworkonemployees.D)Tocalculatethecostofsettinguphomeoffices.49.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthesavingsmadebyemployers?A)Theyarehardtocalculateaccurately.B)Theyarenotworththeextracostsforemployees.C)Employers'gainfromremoteworkingshouldgotoemployeesascompensation.D)Employershavetherighttokeepthesavingsastheirownprofit.50.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A)Remoteworkwillnotbeaspopularasexpected.B)Employerswillforceemployeesbacktotheoffice.C)Yahoowilltaketheleadinreturningtoofficework.D)Officeworkhasmoreadvantagesthanremotework.PassageTwoThehumanthirstforknowledgeisthedrivingforcebehindoursuccessfuldevelopmentasaspecies.Butcuriositycanalsobedangerous,leadingtosetbacksorevendownfalls.Givencuriosity’scomplexity,scientistshavefoundithardtodefine.Whilepinningdownadefinitionhasproventricky,thegeneralconsensusisthatcuriosityisthedesiretoseekoutandconsumenewinformationandexperiences.Curiosityisoftendescribedasastateofactiveinterestorgenuinelywantingtoknowmoreaboutsomething.Whileit’softenthoughtofasaninnatetrait,curiosityisalsoshapedbyenvironment.Somepeoplearemuchmorecuriousthanothers,butthatdoesn’tmeanthey’resmarter.Curiosityisnotaboutintelligence,butaboutthedesiretoexploreandlearn.Psychologistshaveidentifiedtwotypesofcuriosity.Thefirstis“diversivecuriosity”—thetendencytobeinterestedinawiderangeofthings.Thisisthetypeofcuriositythatleadspeopletobrowsetheweborflipthroughmagazines,lookingfornewideasorinterestingfacts.Thesecondtypeis“epistemiccuriosity”—thedesiretogainknowledgeforitsownsake.Thisisthekindofcuriositythatdrivesscientiststoconductresearchandphilosopherstoseekwisdom.Bothtypesofcuriosityareimportant.Diversivecuriosityhelpsusstayalertanddiscovernewopportunities,whileepistemiccuriositydeepensourunderstandingoftheworld.However,epistemiccuriosityismorelikelytoleadtolong-termsuccess,asitdrivespeopletoacquireknowledgeandskillsthatareusefulinthelongrun.Forexample,astudentwithepistemiccuriositymightspendhoursresearchingatopicthey’reinterestedin,leadingtoadeeperunderstandingandbettergrades.Apersonwithdiversivecuriositymightjumpfromonetopictoanother,neverreallymasteringanyofthem.Curiositycanalsobeadouble-edgedsword.Whencuriosityisdirectedtowardspositivegoals,itcanleadtogreatachievements.Butwhenit’sdirectedtowardsnegativeorharmfulthings,itcanhaveseriousconsequences.Forexample,curiosityaboutdrugsordangerousactivitiescanleadtoaddictionorinjury.It’simportanttochannelcuriosityinapositivedirection.Questions51to55arebasedonthepassage.51.Whatdoscientistsfindhardtodoconcerningcuriosity?A)Explainwhyitisimportant.B)Defineitprecisely.C)Describeitsfunctions.D)Relateittointelligence.52.Whatisthegeneralconsensusaboutcuriosity?A)Itisaninnatetraitthatishardtochange.B)Itisacomplextraitshapedbymanyfactors.C)Itisthedesiretoseekandconsumenewinformation.D)Itisthekeytohumandevelopmentandsuccess.53.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdiversivecuriosity?A)Itmotivatespeopletoseekspecificknowledge.B)Itleadspeopletofocusonasingletopic.C)Ithelpspeoplestayalerttonewopportunities.D)Itismorelikelytoleadtolong-termsuccess.54.Inwhatwayisepistemiccuriositydifferentfromdiversivecuriosity?A)Itismorefocusedonknowledgeacquisitionforitsownsake.B)Itismorelikelytoresultinaddictionorinjury.C)Itislesslikelytobeinfluencedbytheenvironment.D)Itislessusefulforlong-termsuccess.55.Whatdoestheauthorwarnusaboutcuriosity?A)Itmayleadtosetbacksordownfalls.B)Itmaybedifficulttocontrol.C)Itmaynotbebeneficialtoeveryone.D)Itmaypushpeopletoexploretoomanythings.仔细阅读答案PassageOne：46.C47.D48.A49.C50.APassageTwo：51.B52.C53.C54.A55.A答案解析PassageOne46.细节题。关键词“workingfromhome”，定位到第2段“Employersarguetheymakeconsiderablesavings...thesesavingsresultfrompassingcostsontoworkers”，可知雇主节省成本的代价是将成本转嫁给员工，即“以员工为代价让雇主受益”，选C。A项“迟早成为常态”原文未提及；B项“要求员工迅速适应”原文未提及；D项“迫使城市改造基础设施”与第1段“citiesmayundergofundamentalchangeifofficesremainunder-utilized”不符，是“办公室未充分利用”可能导致城市变化，而非居家办公直接导致。47.细节题。关键词“opposeworkingfromhome”，定位到第3段“othersnotetheloneliness,reducedproductivityandinefficienciesofextendedremotework”，反对者认为居家办公会导致生产力下降，即“对生产力有负面影响”，选D。A项“打击团队精神”、B项“侵犯员工隐私”、C项“破坏传统价值观”原文均未提及。48.细节题。关键词“runtheestimatesforMontreal”，定位到第3段“Theexerciseissimplebutimportant,sinceitbringsthesecostsoutoftherealmofspeculationintotherealmofmeaningfuldiscussion”，可知目的是提供可信的数据，让讨论更有意义，选A。B项“说明居家办公需求增长”、C项“展示居家办公对员工的影响”、D项“计算家庭办公室的成本”均不是核心目的。49.推断题。定位到第4段“Roughcalculationsshowthatthesavingsmadebyemployers...areofsimilarvaluetothecompensationworkersshouldreceive”，可知雇主的节省金额与员工应得的补偿金额相当，暗示雇主从居家办公中获得的收益应作为补偿给员工，选C。A项“难以准确计算”、B项“不值得员工额外付出成本”、D项“雇主有权将节省的钱作为自身利润”均与原文不符。50.推断题。最后一段提到“当员工得到适当补偿，雇主的节省就会很少，而办公室办公的诸多优势会让雇主放弃居家办公的想法”，可推断居家办公不会像预期那样流行，选A。B项“雇主会强迫员工返回办公室”原文未提及“强迫”；C项“雅虎将带头返回办公室”原文仅举例雅虎的做法，未说“带头”；D项“办公室办公比居家办公有更多优势”过于绝对，原文仅说“诸多优势会让雇主放弃居家办公”，未对比两者整体优势多少。PassageTwo51.细节题。关键词“scientistsfindhardtodo”，定位到第1段“Givencuriosity’scomplexity,scientistshavefoundithardtodefine”，可知科学家难以准确定义好奇心，选B。A项“解释其重要性”、C项“描述其功能”、D项“将其与智力关联”原文均未提及“难以做到”。52.细节题。关键词“generalconsensus”，定位到第2段“thegeneralconsensusisthatcuriosityisthedesiretoseekoutandconsumenewinformationandexperiences”，可知普遍共识是好奇心是寻求和获取新信息、新体验的欲望，选C。A项“是难以改变的先天特质”与第2段“curiosityisalsoshapedbyenvironment”不符；B项“是由多种因