2023年高考英语分类题库考点4 语法填空

温馨提示：此题库为Word版，请按住Ctrl，滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，关闭Word文档返回原板块。考点4语法填空(2023·全国甲卷·语法填空)话题:寓言词数:217难度:★★★Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)61.(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop'sfablesdatetothe62.(six)century,B.C.Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,63.RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.

Carsonusesasimple,directstylecommontofable.Infact,herstyleandtone(口吻)areseeminglydirectedatchildren.“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,64.alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,65.(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage66.(intend)foreveryone.

67.(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson'sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility68.savingtheirenvironment.Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Carson'sthemeisamoreweighty69.(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill70.(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.

【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章介绍了卡森的寓言。61.【解析】toteach。考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式表示目的。故填toteach。62.【解析】sixth。考查序数词。此处指公元前六世纪,所以用序数词。故填sixth。63.【解析】as。考查定语从句。句意:然而,寓言的形式在今天仍然有价值,正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明天的寓言》这本书中提到的。as表示“正如,正像”,在此处引导非限制性定语从句。故填as。64.【解析】where。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处应填入定语从句的引导词,修饰先行词town。定语从句中缺少地点状语,故用关系副词where。【易错误区】which还是where(1)误导原因:在非限制性定语从句中,如果先行词是表示地方的名词,很多同学认为用关系代词which指物。(2)去伪存真:引导非限制性定语从句,关系代词which指事、物或前面整个句子,which在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。where是关系副词,在定语从句中作状语。65.【解析】borrowing。考查非谓语动词。此句中谓语动词是begins,所以空处是非谓语动词。此处指寓言借用了一些熟悉的词汇。主语fable和borrow之间在逻辑上是主动关系,所以填borrowing。66.【解析】intended。考查非谓语动词。此处是过去分词短语作定语修饰message。beintendedfor表示“为……准备的”。故填intended。67.【解析】Different。考查词性转换。此处指不同于传统的寓言,bedifferentfrom不同于。此处是形容词作状语,且位于句首,所以填Different。68.【解析】for。考查介词。takeresponsibilityfor是固定搭配,表示“为……负责”。故填for。69.【解析】warning。考查词性转换。根据空前面的amoreweighty以及空后面的介词about可知此处需要名词。warn的名词是warning,根据空前面的不定冠词a可知,此处需要名词的单数形式。故填warning。70.【解析】beemployed。考查被动语态。句意:卡森证明,已经传下来多年的简单的文学形式,今天仍然可以用它让人们注意重要的真理。主语asimpleliteraryform和employ之间是被动关系。根据空前面的情态动词can可知,此处考查“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成的被动语态。故填beemployed。(2023·全国乙卷·语法填空)话题:北京的古建筑和现代建筑词数:191难度:★★★Beijingisacitybridgingtheancientandthemodern.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong61.royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully62.(build)systemofringroads.

Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace63.welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural64.(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.

Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn'twork,65.somehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodcombination.66.(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I67.(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears68.(record)everythingIdiscovered.

The69.(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,70.(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.

【文章大意】本文介绍了北京的古建筑和现代建筑融合的情况,主张城市发展的同时要尊重并保护传统文化和文化遗产。61.【解析】to。考查固定搭配。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。from...to为固定搭配,意为“从……到……”。62.【解析】built。考查形容词。形容词修饰名词,空处修饰名词system,故用形容词形式,指“已经建成的”,故用过去分词。63.【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。句意:除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析该句结构可知,空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,修饰先行词aplace,故用that或which。【易错误区】which还是that(1)误导原因:在定语从句中,当关系代词指事、物,且在从句中作表语时,常用that引导定语从句。(2)去伪存真:引导非限制性定语从句,且关系代词指代整个主句时,要用which而不用that引导定语从句。64.【解析】wonders。考查名词的单复数。wonder为可数名词,根据常识可知,21世纪的建筑奇迹有很多,故用复数形式。65.【解析】but。考查连词。句意:这是一种截然不同的视觉对比,不应该起作用,但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在一起。根据句意可知,空处前后为转折关系,故用转折连词but。66.【解析】Havingvisited。考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年里,我参观了几次北京,惊叹于这里的新旧共存,惊叹于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。分析该句结构可知,空处作状语,由overthelast10years可知,空处用完成式,主语I和visit为主动关系,故用现在分词的完成式。67.【解析】wasamazed。考查时态和语态。该句陈述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时;主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系,故用过去分词。68.【解析】recording。考查非谓语动词。spendtimedoingsth.为固定搭配,意为“花费时间做某事”。69.【解析】remarkable。考查形容词。形容词修饰名词,空处修饰名词development,故用形容词形式。70.【解析】means。考查时态和主谓一致。该句主语development为单数,故谓语动词用单数形式,由句中的is可知,该句陈述的是当前情况,用一般现在时。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空)话题:小笼包词数:215难度:★★★Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,56.(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether57.(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),58.toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.

Shanghaimaybethe59.(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolongbaosbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently—moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed60.handratherthanrolled.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem61.(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyof62.(they)contents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith63.touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearanddelicious.

NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris64.(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft65.(want)morenexttime.

【文章大意】本文是说明文。本篇描写了作者最爱的中国美食小笼包鲜美的味道以及它的产地南翔和它精细的制作工艺。56.【解析】tasty。考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup,故空格需用形容词tasty作定语,故填tasty。57.【解析】tobite。考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decidetodosth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面toput并列作宾语,故填tobite。58.【解析】or。考查连词。whether...or...意思是“是……还是……”,是固定搭配,此处whether...or...连接两个动词不定式。故填or。59.【解析】recognized。考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home在逻辑上是动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。60.【解析】by。考查介词。句意:在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多的馅,更少的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。byhand“用手”是固定搭配,故填by。61.【解析】tobelifted。考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allowsb.todosth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语liftout与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式tobelifted。故填tobelifted。【易错误区】todo还是tobedone(1)误导原因:许多同学只是记住了allowsb.todosth.,不能灵活分析本句的结构和句意。(2)去伪存真:当遇到“allow/permit/want/ask+宾语+宾语补足语”时,如果宾语与宾语补足语之间是主动关系,也就是说宾语补足语表示的动作是宾语发出的,就用动词不定式的主动形式。反之,如果宾语补足语不是宾语发出的动作,而是和宾语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,就用动词不定式的被动式。例如:Theyallowedustodothework.Theyallowedtheworktobedoneimmediately.62.【解析】their。考查代词。此处需用形容词性物主代词their修饰后面的名词contents。故填their。63.【解析】a。考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的、清澈的、美味的。atouchof“一点点;稍许”,是固定搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”,常用作单数。故填a。64.【解析】rarely。考查副词。enough为形容词,修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely意思是“很少”。故填rarely。65.【解析】wanting。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处考查“leavesb.doingsth.”,本句是被动语态。I与want之间在逻辑上是主动关系,用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·语法填空)话题:教动物园管理员英语词数:209难度:★★★WheneverItellpeoplethatIteachEnglishattheBerlinZoo,Ialmostalwaysgetaquestioninglook.Behindit,thepersonistryingtofigureoutwhoexactlyIteach...theanimals?SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe56.(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableand57.(confidence)speakingEnglish.AndwhodotheyspeakEnglish58.?

Notthepandas,eventhough59.languageusedforthemedicaltraininginstructionsisactuallyEnglish.Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto60.(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive61.(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis62.theyneedanEnglishtrainer.

So,whataretheylearning?63.(basic),howtodescribeapandaslife.Itsbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedevelop64.toseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.Asalittlegirl,I65.(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.Now,ImlivingoutthatdreamindirectlybyhelpingthepandakeepersdotheirjobinEnglish.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语。56.【解析】arrival。考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“梦梦”和“娇庆”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,为不可数名词。故填arrival。57.【解析】confident。考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,空处和前文的comfortable并列,作并列表语,应用形容词形式