北京市房山区2025-2026学年下学期高三年级第一次综合练习英语试卷

房山区2026年高三年级第一次综合练习英语本试卷共10页，满分100分，考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Asachild,Ireallylovedtoreadandspenteverysparemomentwithabook.Butinrecentyears,I’vefoundmy___1___pulledintoendlessscrolling(滚屏)onmyphone—throughshortvideosandsocialmedia.Asawriter,I’vefoundthatthisnotonly___2___mywork,butalsosaddensme.So,ayearago,Imadea(n)___3___:everytimeIcameacrossanunfamiliarword—whetherinanovel,anarticle,oranoverheardconversation—Iwouldlookitupandwriteitdowninavocabularynotebook.Eachweek,Iwouldspendafewminutes___4___mygrowinglist,workingtomiteachwordfirmlytomemory.Honestly,it’snotaneasyhabitto___5___,andit’softenreallyinconvenient.Forexample,whenreadingonthesubway,Ihavetostopandlookupawordwhiletryingnottoelbowthestrangerstandingnexttome.Thatlistnowcoversalmost20pages,andthistinyhabithasquietlychangedme.EverytimeIlookupandrecordaword,Ifeelaslightbutclearsenseof___6___,asifararelyusedpartofmybrainisbeingactivatedandformingnewconnections.___7___,Ihavestartedusingwordslike“enthusiastic”and“demonstrate”inmyspeech,andithasmademymindmuchsharper.InoticethatI’musinglessofthatsmallsetofoverusedadjectives,andsearchingmorefor___8___,powerfulwordsinstead.There’snothingmoresatisfyingthanfinally___9___wordyou’vebeensearchingfor.Inanerawhenourdevicesconstantlydrawawayourattention,thehabithasrenewedmyloveofreadingandhasgivenmebacksomethingIfearedI’dlost—the_____10_____ofexercisingamindthat,afteryearsofmindlessscrolling,isfinallywakingupagain.1.A.dignity B.focus C.patience D.curiosity2.A.replaces B.reduces C.threatens D.simplifies3.A.promise B.judgement C.assumption D.prediction4.A.sharing B.evaluating C.expanding D.reviewing5.A.giveup B.pickup C.keepup D.messup6.A.duty B.growth C.relief D.purpose7.A.Fortunately B.Instantly C.Formally D.Amazingly8.A.precise B.original C.plex D.ordinary9.A.explaining B.collecting C.discovering D.interpreting10.A.courage B.pleasure C.confidence D.ambition【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D5.C6.B7.D8.A9.C10.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者因沉迷手机分散精力，于是坚持积累生词，最终收获成长与思考乐趣的经历。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但近年来，我发现我的注意力被吸引到手机上无休止的刷屏中——刷短视频和社交媒体。A.dignity尊严；B.focus注意力；C.patience耐心；D.curiosity好奇心。根据后文“Inanerawhenourdevicesconstantlydrawawayourattention”可知，电子设备会分散人的注意力，作者正是注意力被手机刷屏夺走。故选B项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名作家，我发现这不仅危及我的工作，也让我感到难过。A.replaces取代；B.reduces减少，降低；C.threatens威胁；D.simplifies简化。根据前文“endlessscrollingonmyphone”和后文“saddensme”可知，沉迷手机对作者的工作构成威胁、影响创作。故选C项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，一年前，我许下一个承诺：每次遇到不认识的单词——无论是在小说、文章中，还是无意中听到的对话里——我都会查出来并记在词汇本上。A.promise承诺；B.judgement判断；C.assumption假设；D.prediction预测。根据后文“everytimeIcameacrossanunfamiliarword—whetherinanovel,anarticle,oranoverheardconversation—Iwouldlookitupandwriteitdowninavocabularynotebook.”可知，这是作者给自己定下的、要坚持执行的计划，属于一种承诺。故选A项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每周，我都会花几分钟复习不断变长的单词表，努力把每个单词牢牢记住。A.sharing分享；B.evaluating评估；C.expanding扩大；D.reviewing复习。根据后文“workingtomiteachwordfirmlytomemory.”可知，记住单词的前提是对记录下来的词汇进行复习回顾。故选D项。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：老实说，这并不是一个容易坚持的习惯，而且常常很不方便。A.giveup放弃；B.pickup捡起；C.keepup保持，坚持；D.messup搞砸。根据后文“Forexample,whenreadingonthesubway,Ihavetostopandlookupawordwhiletryingnottoelbowthestrangerstandingnexttome.”可知，随时随地查单词非常不便，因此这个习惯很难持续坚持。故选C项。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次我查阅并记录一个单词时，我都有一种细微但清晰的成长感，仿佛大脑中很少使用的部分被激活并形成新的连接。A.duty责任；B.growth成长；C.relief宽慰；D.purpose目的。根据后文“ararelyusedpartofmybrainisbeingactivatedandformingnewconnections”以及“mademymindmuchsharper”可知，学习生词让大脑得到锻炼，作者明显感受到自身的成长。故选B项。【7题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊喜的是，我开始在讲话中使用像“enthusiastic”和“demonstrate”这样的词，这让我的思维变得敏锐得多。A.Fortunately幸运地；B.Instantly立刻；C.Formally正式地；D.Amazingly令人惊喜地。根据前文“thistinyhabithasquietlychangedme”以及后文“ithasmademymindmuchsharper”可知，这个小小的习惯带来了出乎意料的积极改变，因此用“令人惊喜地”最符合语境。故选D项。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我注意到我不再使用那一小部分过度使用的形容词，而是更多地寻找准确、有力量的单词。A.precise准确的；B.original原创的；C.plex复杂的；D.ordinary普通的。根据后文“wordyou’vebeensearchingfor”可知，作者不再用笼统的词汇，而是追求精准恰当的表达。故选A项。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有什么比最终找到你一直在寻找的那个准确单词更令人满意的了。A.explaining解释；B.collecting收集；C.discovering发现，找到；D.interpreting诠释。根据前文“searchingmorefor______,powerfulwordsinstead.”可知，作者一直在主动搜寻合适的词，找到的那一刻就是发现心仪词汇的过程。故选C项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个电子设备不断分散我们注意力的时代，这个习惯重新唤起了我对阅读的热爱，也让我找回了曾担心已然失去的东西——在多年漫无目的地刷屏之后，终于再度苏醒的、思考带来的乐趣。A.courage勇气；B.pleasure乐趣；C.confidence信心；D.ambition抱负。根据前文“Asachild,Ireallylovedtoread”和“There’snothingmoresatisfyingthanfinally______word”可知，主动思考、用心用词带给作者内心的满足与快乐。故选B项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。XuBeihongwasbornin1895inYixing,JiangsuProvince.Hisfather,alocalportraitpainter,____11____(teach)himart.Xu’searlyexperiencesofhardshipandlossbecamethebasisoftherealisminhisart.Hisexperiencesdrovehisdesire____12____(create)anewformofnationalartthatbinedtraditionalChinesepaintingtechniqueswithWesternposition,toreflectamodernChina.HistalentandhardworkledtoanewstyleofChinesepaintingandanapproachtoartstill____13____(take)byartinstitutionsacrossChinatoday.【答案】11.taught12.tocreate13.taken【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍徐悲鸿的艺术成长经历及其融合中西的绘画风格影响。【11题详解】考查动词时态。句意：他的父亲是当地一位肖像画家，教他艺术。此处为谓语动词，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为taught。故填taught。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的经历促使他渴望创造一种新的民族艺术形式，将中国传统绘画技法与西方构图相结合，以展现现代中国。此处为固定搭配desiretodosth.，意为“做某事的渴望”，所以用动词不定式tocreate。故填tocreate。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的天赋与勤奋开创了中国画新风格，也形成了如今中国各地艺术院校仍采用的艺术理念。此处为非谓语动词作定语，approach与take为被动关系，所以用过去分词taken。故填taken。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Personalityisthecharacteristicpatternsofthoughts,feelingsandbehaviour____14____makeapersonunique.Understandingpersonalityallowsustopredict____15____peoplewillrespondtocertainsituationsandthesortsofthingstheypreferandvalue.Forexample,aneuroticpersonfeelsworriedmorefrequentlythanothers,whileanagreeablepersoningeneralfeelsmorecontent.Anoutgoingpersonmayjumpforjoywhen____16____(face)newexperiences,whileashypersonmayfeelembarrassedinfrontofalargegroupofpeople.【答案】14.thatwhich15.how16.facing【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了性格的定义，以及了解性格能帮助我们预判人们对不同情境的反应和其喜好与价值观。【14题详解】考查定语从句。句意：性格是使一个人与众不同的、具有特征性的思维、情感和行为模式。______makeapersonunique是关系词引导的定语从句修饰先行词thecharacteristicpatternsofthoughts,feelingsandbehaviour，先行词是事物名词，所填关系词在该从句中作主语，关系代词that或which符合要求。故填that/which。【15题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：了解性格能让我们预测人们会对特定情境做出怎样的反应，以及他们喜欢和重视什么样的事物。predict接宾语从句_____peoplewillrespondtocertainsituationsandthesortsofthingstheypreferandvalue，该从句缺方式状语，空格处要用连接副词how，表示“如何、怎样”。故填how。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：外向的人面对新体验时可能会欢呼雀跃，而害羞的人在一大群人面前可能会感到尴尬。face与person之间是逻辑上的主动关系，要用现在分词形式facing作状语。故填facing。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Chinalaunchedthe____17____(construct)ofanewlargeastronomicalobservationproject,theXueshanmuchang15meterSubMillimeterTelescope(XSMT),onSeptember20,2025.SituatedontheQinghaiTibetPlateau,thisprojectaimstoenhancethecountry’s____18____(capability)inexploringthecold,hiddenuniversebyestablishingahighprecisionfacilitythat____19____(address)anotablegapiniingastronomicalinfrastructure.Asscheduled,theproject____20____(plete)in2027.【答案】17construction18.capabilities19.addresses20.willbepleted【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍中国新建雪山牧场15米亚毫米波望远镜项目的相关情况。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：2025年9月20日，中国启动新建大型天文观测项目雪山牧场15米亚毫米波望远镜的建设。此处作动词launched的宾语，用construct的名词形式construction，意为“建设”。故填construction。【18题详解】考查名词复数。句意：该项目位于青藏高原，旨在提升国家探索寒冷隐秘宇宙的能力。此处表示“多种能力”，应用可数名词复数形式，所以用capabilities。故填capabilities。【19题详解】考查动词时态。句意：通过建设高精度设施弥补现有天文基础设施的显著短板。此处为定语从句谓语动词，描述客观情况，应用一般现在时，关系代词that作从句主语，指代先行词ahighprecisionfacility，是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为addresses。故填addresses。【20题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：按计划该项目将于2027年完工。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“in2027”可知，用一般将来时，主语theproject与plete为被动关系，所以用willbepleted。故填willbepleted。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADuration:10weeksDates:6/15/268/21/26Areyoupassionateaboutwildlifeandconservation?Joinusforanimmersiveandeducationalsummerinternship(实习)!Thisuniqueopportunitywillprovideyouwithhandsonexperienceinwildlifecareandconservation.Whilethisprogramdoesnotguaranteeyouapositionatourzooattheendofyourinternship,manyofourformerinternshavesuccessfullyembarkedonprofessionalcareerswithinwildlifecareandconservation.KeyDuties:•Assistwildlifecarespecialistsindailycareroutines,includingfeeding,cleaning,andhabitatmaintenance.•Participateinthecreationandapplicationofstrategiestopromotespeciesspecificnaturalbehaviors.•Learnaboutvariouswildlifespeciesandtheirspecificcarerequirements.•Collaboratewiththewildlifecareteamtoensurethehealthandsafetyofwildlifewecarefor.•Gaininsightintoconservationinitiativesandparticipateineducationalprograms.•Attendeducationalcoursestoenhanceknowledgeofwildlifecareandconservation.Qualifications:•Enthusiasmforwildlifeconservationandwildlifewelfare.•Pursuingadegreeinbiology,zoology,wildlifemanagement,orarelatedfield(preferred,butnotrequired).•Strongmunicationskillsandabilitytoworkaspartofateam.•Abilitytoperformtasksthatinvolvelifting,bending,andworkingoutdoorsinvariousweatherconditions.•Priorexperiencewithanimalsorvolunteeringinanimalrelatedorganizations(preferred,butnotrequired).Benefits:•Paidinternshipwithanallowancetohelpcoverlivingexpenses.•Opportunitytolearnfromexperiencedprofessionalsinthefield.•Networkingopportunitieswithfellowinternsandwildlifecareprofessionals.ApplicationProcess:•Submitaresume,coverletter,andanyrelevantcourseworkorexperience.Coverlettershouldincludewhyyouareinterestedinthisinternship,howthisinternshipalignswithyourfuturecareergoals,andanyrelevantexperience.•FinalistcandidateswillbecontactedinMaytoarrangeaninterview.ApplicationsOpen:April3,2026ApplicationDeadline:April17,2026Don’tmissthischancetocontributetothewellbeingofwildlifewhilegaininginvaluableexperienceintheworldofwildlifecareandconservation.21.Whatcantheinternshipprovideforinterns?A.Closecollaborationwithcharityorganizations.B.Arrangedacmodationforthesummer.C.Attendanceatrelatedlearningprograms.D.Afuturefulltimejobatthezoo.22.Whatdointernsneedtododuringtheprogram?A.Pursueadegreeintherelatedfields.B.Helpwithdailywildlifecareroutines.C.Draftandassessaconservationinitiative.D.Perfectthestrategiestopromotenaturalbehaviors.23.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______A.promoteawildlifeinternship B.explainconservationtheoriesC.shareformerinterns’experiences D.introducerequirementsforzoowork【答案】21.C22.B23.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍某动物园野生动物保护相关暑期实习项目的详细信息，包括实习时长、主要职责、任职要求、福利及申请流程等，旨在招募符合要求的实习生。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据KeyDuties部分中的“Attendeducationalcoursestoenhanceknowledgeofwildlifecareandconservation.(参加教育课程，提升野生动物饲养和保护方面的知识)”可知，该实习项目能为实习生提供参加相关学习课程的机会。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据KeyDuties部分中的“Assistwildlifecarespecialistsindailycareroutines,includingfeeding,cleaning,andhabitatmaintenance.(协助野生动物饲养专家完成日常饲养工作，包括喂食、清洁和栖息地维护)”可知，实习生在项目期间需要帮忙处理野生动物的日常护理工作。故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章开头“Areyoupassionateaboutwildlifeandconservation?Joinusforanimmersiveandeducationalsummerinternship!(你对野生动物和保护工作充满热情吗？加入我们的沉浸式教育暑期实习项目吧)”以及文末“Don’tmissthischancetocontributetothewellbeingofwildlifewhilegaininginvaluableexperienceintheworldofwildlifecareandconservation.(不要错过这个为野生动物福祉贡献力量，同时在野生动物饲养和保护领域积累宝贵经验的机会)”可知，作者围绕野生动物保护暑期实习项目展开，介绍了项目各方面信息，目的是宣传并招募该实习项目的参与者。故选A。BForaslongasIcanremember,Ihavebeendoinggymnastics.Istartedgymnasticsataveryyoungage.Iwasonlythreeyearsoldwhenmymotherfirstputmeinamommyandmeclass.MymomneverexpectedmetoloveitasmuchasIdid,orevencontinueitfortwelveyearsandbeepetitiveinit.WewenttopetitionsalloverthestateofFlorida.Occasionallywewouldpeteoutofstate.Myfavoriteeventingymnasticswasthebalancebeam.Ilovedthechallengeofflippingonafourinchpieceofwood.Iwasalwaysreferredtoas“beamqueen”becauseIhadanaturaltalentforit.Doingskillsonthebalancebeamalwayscameeasytome,andmyloveforthiseventshowedwhenIscoredwellinpetitions.AlthoughIamnolongerabletodogymnasticsbecauseofadefectthatwasfoundinmyspine,IstillloveitasmuchasIwouldifIwerestilldoingit.Itwasreallytoughtryingtoacceptthefactthatmylifeofgymnastics,afterelevenyears,wasover.Butafterallthesadmoments,Ipickedupanewhobby—volleyball.Ithelpedmepassthetime.YetwordscannotexplainhowmuchIlovegymnasticsorhowIwouldgiveanythingformybacktobehealedandtogobacktothegym.ThegoodnewsisthatIhaven’tlostallofmyskills.WheneverIvisitthegym,IstillliketofliparoundandseewhatIcando.Idon’tknowwhyIlovedthesportsomuch.Ijustdid.Imeanitcouldhavebeenformanyreasons.Somechallengescamewiththesportthough.Forinstance,Ihadatoughscheduletokeep.Itrainedforfourhoursaday,fivedaysaweek,threehundredandsixtyfivedaysayear,andwhenyouthrewschoolandhomeworkinthere,itgotprettyplicated.Iwasconstantlytiredfromgoingtobedlatebecauseofthegymandhavingtowakeupearlyforschool.Ibarelyevengottorestontheweekendsbecausethat’swhenallthepetitionswere.AsIlookbackonitnow,Ireallymissthelatenightsandthebusyschedule.Fromthissport,Ihavelearnedsomanythingsthatwillhelpmelaterinlife.Iwillneverforgetthememoriesthatweremade.Gymnasticswillalwaysbeapartofme.24.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’schildhood?A.Shelearnedgymnasticsfromhermom.B.ShepetedfrequentlyoutsideFlorida.C.Shedevelopedanenthusiasmforgymnastics.D.Shedreamedofparticipatingininternationalpetitions.25.Knowingshecouldnolongerdogymnasticstheauthor______.A.stayedawayfromgymsandlostinterestinsportsB.startedanewhobbybutstillmisseddoinggymnasticsC.feltrelievedtobefreefromthetiringtrainingscheduleD.forgotgymnasticsquicklyanddevotedherselftovolleyball26.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Everythingestothosewhowait.B.Whenonedoorcloses,anotheropens.C.Truepassionleavesalastingmarkonone’slife.D.Successinsportsdemandshardworkanddetermination.【答案】24.C25.B26.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者自幼练习体操，热爱体操，因脊柱问题无奈放弃后仍心怀热爱，体操也深刻影响了她的人生。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“MymomneverexpectedmetoloveitasmuchasIdid,orevencontinueitfortwelveyearsandbeepetitiveinit.(我妈妈从未想过我会如此热爱体操，更没想过我会坚持十二年并走上竞技之路。)”可知，作者在童年时期就对体操产生了极大的热情。故选C项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Butafterallthesadmoments,Ipickedupanewhobby—volleyball.Ithelpedmepassthetime.YetwordscannotexplainhowmuchIlovegymnasticsorhowIwouldgiveanythingformybacktobehealedandtogobacktothegym.(但在所有难过的时光过后，我培养了一个新爱好——排球。它帮我打发时间。然而，语言无法形容我有多热爱体操，我愿意付出一切换我的背部痊愈，回到体操馆。)”可知，作者开始了新的爱好，但仍然想念体操。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Iwillneverforgetthememoriesthatweremade.Gymnasticswillalwaysbeapartofme.(我永远不会忘记那些回忆。体操将永远是我生命的一部分。)”可知，作者对体操的真正热爱在她的生命中留下了永恒的印记。故选C项。CMuchremainsamysteryabouthowwelookattheworld.Peopleconstantlymovetheireyestofixtheirgazesonitemsofinterest,makingabouttwotofoureyemovementseverysecondforsome150,000motionsdaily,butitremainsuncertainhowwechoosewhattofocuson.Toinvestigatehowmuchgazemightvarybetweenpeople,theresearchershadmorethan100adultvolunteersseatedatputerslookat700picturesdepictingeverydaysceneswithavarietyofitems.Atthesametime,cameras,pointedattheeyesofthoseparticipants,helpedtracktheirgazestodeducewhattheywerelookingatineachpicture.Thescientistsfoundthatcertaintypesofdetails,suchasfaces,,food,movingobjectsortoucheditems,attractedthegazesofsomeobserversmorethanothers.Forexample,thefractionofaperson’seyemovementsdirectedtowardfacesvariedfrom17%to43%amongthevolunteers.Inotherwords,“theindividualtendencytolookatfacesorcanvarymorethantwofoldfromonepersonto,”saidstudyleadauthorBenjamindeHaas,aneuroscientistatJustusLiebigUniversityGiesseninGermany.Suchtrendsalsoprovedtobehighlyconsistent—evenwhenvolunteerswerecalledbackforfollowupsessionstwoweeksafterward.“Thisimpliesthewaywelookatimagesispersonal.WhatyouseecanbedifferentfromwhatI’mseeing,evenifwelookalythesameimages,”deHaassaid.“Oftentimes,thehumanistreatedasapassivedevicewhoseattentioncanbecapturedbytheimage,”saidvisionscientistMaryHayhoeattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Thisworkemphasizesthat“inreality,humansareactiveseekersofinformation.”Theresearcherssuggestedthesedifferencesingazemighthavesomegeneticfoundations.Forexample,theynotedthattworecentstudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandSwedenfoundthatidenticaltwinshadfarmoresimilarpatternsofeyemovementsthanfraternal(异卵的)twinsdid.Thescientistsnowplantoexplorewhatimpactthesedifferencesmayormaynothaveintherealworld.“Let’ssayyoureyeshaveaparticulartendencytobeattractedby,”deHaassaid.“Doesthatmeanyou’remoreeasilydistractedwhendrivingpastabillboard?”Thesefindingssuggestthateyetrackingmighthelprevealnewwaystodiagnosedisorderssuchasautism,inwhichpeopletendtogazeatfacesandsocialcuesdifferently,theresearcherssaid.“Theearlieronecanpickuponthefactthatchildrenareautistic,theearlieronecanstartthemontherapyandtrainingprograms,whichcanprovereallyimportant,”Hayhoesaid.27.Whatcanwelearnabouttheeyetrackingexperiment?A.Humansarepassivereceiversofimages.B.Thewayhumanslookatimagesvariesgreatly.C.Thepicturesusedweremainlyaboutabstractitems.D.Gazepatternsdifferedwhenretestedaftertwoweeks.28.WhydoestheauthormentionMaryHayhoeinParagraph5?A.Toexplaintheexperimentprocess. B.Tointroducetheresearchpurpose.C.Toillustrateapracticalapproach. D.Tocorrectamonbelief.29.RecentstudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandSwedensuggestthat______.A.genesmayaffecthowpeopledirecttheireyesB.people’seyeshaveatendencytobeattractedbyC.sharedlivingenvironmentsmakeidenticaltwins’gazepatternsmoresimilarD.fraternaltwinshavemoresimilargazepatternsthanthoseofthegeneralpopulation30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheUniversalLanguageofSightB.TheMysteryofRapidEyeMovementsC.TheUniqueGaze:WeSeeThingsDifferentlyD.ThePowerfulEyetracking:WeDetectAutismEarly【答案】27.B28.D29.A30.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科学家通过眼动实验发现人们注视事物的方式存在显著个体差异，该差异或与基因相关，并有望用于疾病诊断。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Inotherwords,“theindividualtendencytolookatfacesorcanvarymorethantwofoldfromonepersonto,”saidstudyleadauthorBenjamindeHaas,aneuroscientistatJustusLiebigUniversityGiesseninGermany.(换言之，德国吉森尤斯图斯李比希大学的神经科学家、该研究的主要作者本杰明·德·哈斯表示：“人与人之间关注人脸或文字的个人倾向，差异可能超过两倍。”)”可知，人类观看图像的方式差异极大。故选B项。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中的““Oftentimes,thehumanistreatedasapassivedevicewhoseattentioncanbecapturedbytheimage,”saidvisionscientistMaryHayhoeattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Thisworkemphasizesthat“inreality,humansareactiveseekersofinformation.”(得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的视觉科学家玛丽·海霍表示：“很多时候，人类被当作一种被动的装置，其注意力会被图像轻易吸引。”而这项研究强调，“事实上，人类是主动的信息探寻者。”)”可知，作者提及MaryHayhoe是为了纠正人们普遍认为人类被动接收图像信息的错误观点。故选D项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Theresearcherssuggestedthesedifferencesingazemighthavesomegeneticfoundations.Forexample,theynotedthattworecentstudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandSwedenfoundthatidenticaltwinshadfarmoresimilarpatternsofeyemovementsthanfraternaltwinsdid.(研究人员认为注视差异可能有一定基因基础。例如，美国和瑞典近期的两项研究发现，同卵双胞胎的眼球运动模式比异卵双胞胎相似得多。)”可知，基因可能影响人们注视的方向。故选A项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中的““Thisimpliesthewaywelookatimagesispersonal.WhatyouseecanbedifferentfromwhatI’mseeing,evenifwelookalythesameimages,”deHaassaid.(德哈斯表示：“这意味着我们观看图像的方式是因人而异的。即使我们看着完全相同的画面，你所看到的内容也可能与我所看到的不同。”)”可知，文章围绕人们注视方式存在个体差异展开，核心说明每个人的注视都是独特的、看待事物的方式各不相同，因此“独特的注视：我们看待事物各不相同”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。DForyears,businesseshaveuseddifferentpsychologicalstrategiesintheiradvertisingtosellproductsandservices.Understandingthepsychologicalfactorsthatmotivatepeopletobuysomethingcanhelpabusinesssellmoreoftheirgoods.Businessesuseadvertisingtosendamessagesayingthattheirproductwilldomorethanprovidesomethingpracticaloruseful.Themessageisthattheproductcanhelpyoubeabetterpersonorleadabetterlifeaswell.Onemonstrategyusedinadvertisingistoappealtopeople’sneedtoimitateorcopysomeonetheyadmire.Thistypeofadvertisementshowsacelebrityusingaproductwiththehopethatviewerswanttolooklikethecelebrity,havethecelebrity’slifestyle,orhavethecelebrity’sinfluence,andthatpurchasingtheproductwillhelpthebuyerachievethesethings.Forexample,apopularactorhasbeenpaidtoadvertise,amongstotherthings,acarinGermany,clothesinItaly,andcoffeeinanumberofcountries.Hedoesnotneedtobeanexpertdriver,beafashiondesigner,orknowanythingaboutcoffeetomaketheseadvertisementssuccessful.Wheretheyarepermitted,advertisementsforvacationproductsoftenrelyonappealingtoanassociationwithfunandpleasure.Theadvertisersfocustheconsumers’attentiononthefunthatthecharactersareseentobeexperiencingintheiradvertisement.Theseadvertisementsareaimedatpotentialvacationersandtrytoinfluencetheconsumertoidentifytheirparticularproductswiththepeoplehavingfun.Thisiscalled“peripheralrouteadvertising”whereas“centralrouteadvertising”placestheemphasisontheproductbystatingfactsabouttheproductandhighlightingtheuseoftheproductintheadvertisement.Themainthingaboutrelyingonimitationoraspirationasanadvertisingstrategyisthattheconsumermustseesomeadvantageinimitatingthepersonintheadvertisement.Noonewillcopybehaviorjustforthesakeofit.Theydoitforenjoyment,selfesteem,orsomeotherbenefit.Forimitationtowork,itmustbeconnectedtosomestrongerappeal.Oneinterestingaspectofimitationisthatitseffectsattenuatewiththeageofthetargetaudience.Advertisementsthatrelyonimitationaremosteffectivewhenaimedatteensandpreteensandarelesseffectivewithyoungadults.Inthefaceofvariousadvertisements,weconsumersshouldnotblindlyimitatethepersonweadmire,butchoosetherightproductswhichfitourgenuineneedsinsteadofthewantstheycreate.Thiscriticalchoiceisthebasisofwiseconsumption.31.Whatcanbeinferredfromadvertisementsfeaturingcelebrities?A.Theyworkbysatisfyingconsumers’psychologicalneeds.B.Thecelebritiesintheadsareprofessionalintheproducts.C.Thesuccessofanaddependsheavilyonthefameofthecelebrity.D.Theyensuretheirproductswilloffersomethingpracticaloruseful.32.Whichadvertisementisanexampleof“peripheralrouteadvertising”?A.Anassistantisparingsmartphonepriceswithachart.B.Anexpertisexplainingtheeffectivenessofamedicine.C.Afamilyishavingawonderfultimeatthebeach.D.Acelebrityisintroducingthefunctionsofacar.33.Whatdoestheword“attenuate”underlinedinParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Last. B.Improve. C.Emerge. D.Decrease.34.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A.Peripheralrouteadsaremoreinfluentialthancentralrouteads.B.Consumersshouldbecriticalofemotionalwantsshapedbyads.C.Advertisersusepsychologicalfactorstoimproveconsumers’lives.D.Thepsychologicalstrategiesusedinadsareharmfultoconsumers.【答案】31.A32.C33.D34.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍商家广告中运用的心理策略、两种广告路径及模仿效应的年龄差异，倡导理性消费。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Onemonstrategyusedinadvertisingistoappealtopeople’sneedtoimitateorcopysomeonetheyadmire.Thistypeofadvertisementshowsacelebrityusingaproductwiththehopethatviewerswanttolooklikethecelebrity,havethecelebrity’slifestyle,orhavethecelebrity’sinfluence,andthatpurchasingtheproductwillhelpthebuyerachievethesethings.(广告中常用的一种策略是迎合人们模仿自己钦佩之人的需求。这类广告展示名人使用某产品，希望观众想要长得像这位名人、拥有其生活方式或影响力，而购买该产品能帮助消费者实现这些。)”可知，名人广告通过满足消费者的心理需求起作用。故选A项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Theseadvertisementsareaimedatpotentialvacationersandtrytoinfluencetheconsumertoidentifytheirparticularproductswiththepeoplehavingfun.Thisiscalled“peripheralrouteadvertising”whereas“centralrouteadvertising”placestheemphasisontheproductbystatingfactsabouttheproductandhighlightingtheuseoftheproductintheadvertisement.(这些广告针对潜在度假者，试图引导消费者将其特定产品与享受欢乐的人群联系起来。这种方式被称为“边缘路径广告”；与之相对，中心路径广告则通过在广告中陈述产品相关事实、突出产品用途，将重点放在产品本身。)”可知，边缘路径广告是把产品与快乐、愉悦等情感氛围关联起来，不侧重产品事实与功能；一家人在海滩度过美好时光的度假广告属于边缘路径广告。故选C项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Oneinterestingaspectofimitationisthatitseffectsattenuatewiththeageofthetargetaudience.Advertisementsthatrelyonimitationaremosteffectivewhenaimedatteensandpreteensandarelesseffectivewithyoungadults.(模仿效应的一个有趣特点是，其效果会随着目标受众年龄的增长而衰减。依赖模仿的广告针对青少年和青春期前儿童效果最佳，对年轻成年人效果较差。)”可知，后文明确说明针对儿童、青少年效果最好，对年轻成年人效果更差，由此可判断随着年龄增长，模仿效应的效果在下降、减弱，因此attenuate意为“减弱、降低”。故选D项。【34题详解】观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Inthefaceofvariousadvertisements,weconsumersshouldnotblindlyimitatethepersonweadmire,butchoosetherightproductswhichfitourgenuineneedsinsteadofthewantstheycreate.Thiscriticalchoiceisthebasisofwiseconsumption.(面对各类广告，消费者不应盲目模仿钦佩之人，而应选择符合自身真实需求而非广告制造的欲望的产品。这种批判性选择是理性消费的基础。)”可知，作者认为消费者应对广告塑造的情感欲望保持批判态度。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Positiveeverydayactionscanmakeadifferencetoyourbrainhealth.____35____Adoptingevenasingleonecanmeaningfullyimprovehowyoufeel.Thesetipsaredesignedtohelpyoubuildresilience,findbalance,