07.专项七　形容词和副词 学案（含答案） 2026年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项七形容词和副词河北中考考情分析分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出，河北中考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在词义辨析和比较等级。完形填空侧重形容词或副词的词义辨析，同时侧重对上下文的理解及语境的判断。短文填空则主要考查形容词或副词的比较等级和词性(形)转换。预计2026年河北中考会在完形填空和短文填空中考查形容词或副词。近六年考查频次：形容词词义辨析6年11考，副词词义辨析6年7考，形容词、副词的比较级和最高级6年7考，形容词、副词的转换(包括名词变形容词，动词变形容词)6年9考。Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶(2025河北改编)Anyoneinmyfamilyisfreetowritedownsomethinggoodthathashappened________(recent).❷(2025河北改编)Someofthethingsare________(interest)，someareserious，andsomejustgivehope.❸(2025河北改编)I'mso________(thank)tomyparentsfortheirlove.❹(2024河北)LinMingissevenandLinFangistwoyears________(young)thanherbrother.❺(2024河北改编)JiansheRoadisthe________(busy)roadinourcity，especiallyaround8：00am.❻(2024河北)Someboysandgirlswereplaying________(happy)ontheplayground.❼(2023河北)Iwas________(real)shyandnervousonthefirstdayatschool.❽(2023河北)Ifelt________(relax)atonce.❾(2022河北)Ithoughtitwasthe________(nice)cakeIhadevereaten.❿(2021河北)Lastweek，weplayedagainstanotherschool.Theyran________(fast)thanus.⓫(2021河北改编)—Whatistheworld's________(high)mountain?—MountQomolangma.⓬(2020河北)Momcutthemeatandcabbagesintosmallpieces________(quick).⓭(2020河北)TheyweresodeliciousthatIate________(many)thantwenty.⓮(2020河北改编)Helenisthe________(young)personinherfamily.Hertwoeldersistersarebothmarried.Ⅱ.根据句意，填入适当的单词(2021河北改编)Pleasebepoliteand________offeryourseattopeoplewhoneedit.考点一形容词❶形容词的用法用法示例作状语，主要表示伴随、时间、原因或结果等Hewenthome，fulloffear.他满怀恐惧地回了家。(伴随状语)Young，mygrandfatherhadtoworkforthelandlordallyear.我爷爷年轻时不得不长年给地主干活。(时间状语)Hungryandtired，Ihadtostoptohavearest.又累又饿，我只好停下休息了一下。(原因状语)作定语，放在被修饰的名词之前，复合不定代词something、anyone等之后It'sasunnydaytoday.今天是晴天。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事要告诉你。作表语，放在系动词之后Helookssadtoday.他今天看起来很伤心。作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，动词常用make、keep、leave、find等Don'tkeepthedooropen.别让门开着。某些形容词放在定冠词之后，相当于名词，表示一类人，常见的此类形容词有good、bad、rich、poor、young、old、living、dead等Theyoungusuallylikepopularsongs.年轻人通常喜欢流行歌曲。❷­ing形容词和­ed形容词­ing形容词表示“令人……的”，一般修饰物；­ed形容词表示“感到……的”，一般修饰人。如：I'minterestedintheinterestingstory.我对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。❸含形容词的常用句型(1)“It's＋adj.＋of＋sb.＋动词不定式”表示“某人做某事怎么样”。常用于这一句型的形容词有kind、nice、polite、clever、foolish、lazy、careful、careless等。如：It'sniceofyoutosayso.你这样说太好了。(2)“It's＋adj.(＋for＋sb.)＋动词不定式”表示“做某事(对某人来说)怎么样”。常用于这一句型的形容词有difficult、easy、hard、dangerous、safe、useful、pleasant、interesting、impossible等。如：It'snecessaryforustofinditout.对我们来说弄清楚这件事是有必要的。(3)表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad/pleased、sorry、sad等后常接动词不定式。如：I'mgladtoseeyou.见到你我很高兴。(4)表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready、able、sure等后常接动词不定式。如：Areyouabletocomethedayaftertomorrow？后天你能来吗？Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶DuringtheSpringFestival，welearnaboutChinese________(culture)traditionslikemakingdumplings.❷Heisa________(help)volunteerattheChina­SouthAsiaExpo，andalwaysreadytohelpvisitors.❸Sincemanywildanimalsare________(endanger)，everyoneshouldtakeactionandtrytheirbesttoprotectandsavethem.❹Parentsshouldbe________(patience)withtheirkidswhentheylearnsomethingnew.❺Itis________(mean)totalkwithAndrewbecausehedoesn'tacceptothers'advice.Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的形容词填空similar，beautiful，modern，active，awake❶________technologyhasmadeourlivesmoreconvenientthaneverbefore.❷Studentsshouldtakean________partinprotectingtheenvironment.❸Thevolunteerspaintedcolorfulwallstomakethecommunitylookmore________．❹Icefishing，apopularwintersport，is________inmanywaystoregularfishing.❺Afterdrinkingtwocupsofcoffee，Iwaswide________forthenext10hours.考点二副词❶副词的用法用法示例作状语修饰动词Hestudieshard.他学习努力。修饰形容词或副词Thegirlisveryhappy.这个女孩很开心。修饰整个句子Luckily，nothingvaluablewasstolen.幸运的是，没有贵重物品被盗。作定语Thefoodhereisverydelicious.这里的食物很好吃。作表语Myfatherwillbebackinaweek.我父亲一周后回来。作宾语补足语Lethimin，please.请让他进来。❷副词的分类时间副词(句子时态的重要标志)now、then、today、tomorrow、yesterday、before、ago、soon、lately、early、already等地点副词(前面不加介词)outside、inside、upstairs、here、there、home、near、away、in、back、off、up、anywhere等方式副词(大多由“形容词＋ly”构成)quickly、happily、loudly、suddenly、luckily、badly、easily等程度副词(可以修饰形容词和副词的原级或比较级)very、quite、rather、too、much、so等疑问副词(常用来构成特殊疑问句)when、where、why、how关系副词(常用来引导定语从句)when、where、why频度副词(表示事情发生的频率，可用来回答howoften引导的特殊疑问句)always、usually、often、sometimes、hardly、seldom、neverⅠ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶You'dbetterleave________(quick)，ortroublewillcometoyou.❷—Heissohumorousandkind.Allhisstudentslovehim.—________(exact).Heismyfavoriteteacher.❸WehavebeentotheChinaFolkCultureVillages________(late).❹Althoughtheweatherwasterrible，thebusfinallyarrivedatthestop________(success).❺Knowingothersissmart.________(luck)，heiswisebecauseheknowshimself.Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的副词填空yet，almost，however，already，hardly❶Kenwas________lateforschool.Thebellrangrightafterheenteredtheclassroom.❷Seeingthenewchangesinherhometown，Nanjing，Sandycould________believehereyes.❸Thehotelwasverynoisy.________，IwassotiredfromtravellingthatIsleptverywell.❹—Tom，haven'tyouhelpedyourparentsdothehousework________？—Yes，I'vehelpedthemwashthedishes________．考点三形容词、副词的词形变化❶常见的名词变形容词的方法构成方法示例加­enwood→wooden，gold→golden，wool→woolen加­erneast→eastern，west→western，southeast→southeastern加­ycloud→cloudy，wind→windy，health→healthy加­lyfriend→friendly，week→weekly，month→monthly加­fulcare→careful，help→helpful，wonder→wonderful加­lesshome→homeless，care→careless，hope→hopeless加­nAsia→Asian，Australia→Australian，India→Indian加­ousdanger→dangerous，humor→humorous，courage→courageous❷形容词变副词的方法情况构成方法示例一般情况加­lyquick→quickly，brave→bravely以“辅音字母＋y”结尾将y变i再加­lyeasy→easily，happy→happily以le结尾去e加­ysimple→simply，gentle→gently以“元音字母＋e”结尾去e加­lytrue→truly，due→duly用所给词的正确形式填空❶Themanagersounded________(friend)onthephone.Heofferedtoshowusaroundthecompany.❷Ican'tbelieveIam________(real)goingtomeettheprincess.❸—Jessica，it'sraininghardoutside.—Oh，youshouldbe________(care)whenyoudrivetowork.❹Tonyissucha________(create)boythathecanmakeupstorieswithsurprisingendings.❺“Youlook________(love)inthatyellowandwhiteskirt，”Maysaidtoherfriend.❻Ilostmyticket，but________(luck)，thetravelagentgavemeanotherone.❼—Dad，Igetagoodjob.—Congratulations！Workhardandmakeyourselfmore________(value).❽Theproblemhasn'tbeensolved________(simple)becauseyoudidn'tfollowmyinstructions.❾Dietdrinks(低热量饮料)arenotquiteas________(health)asyouthink.Itisreportedthatdrinkingtoomanyofthemmightleadtoillness.❿It's________(polite)totalkwithyourmouthfull.考点四形容词和副词的比较等级（比较级、最高级）❶形容词和副词的比较等级的构成(1)形容词、副词的比较等级的一般变化规则构成方法原级比较级最高级一般在词尾加­er或­estsmallsmallersmallestfastfasterfastest以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加­r或­stnicenicernicestfinefinerfinest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，先把y变为i，再加­er或­estearlyearlierearliesthappyhappierhappiest以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加­er或­estbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest部分双音节词和多音节词在词前加more或mostinterestingmoreinterestingmostinterestingimportantmoreimportantmostimportant(2)常见比较等级不规则变化的形容词和副词原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest❷形容词和副词的比较等级的用法(1)原级的用法形容词或副词原级可以用表示程度的副词very、so、too、enough、quite等修饰。常见原级的结构和用法如下：结构用法例句as＋形容词/副词原级＋as两者相比，程度相同。as…as结构前可以带表示程度的状语，如quite、almost、half等Thisbookisalmostasthickasthatone.这本书几乎同那本一样厚。notas/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as两者相比，表示“一方不及另一方”Thisvillageisn'tas/sobigasthatone.这个村子没有那个村子大。Ididn'tdomyhomeworkascarefullyasyou.我做作业不如你认真。倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as表示“是……的几倍”Thecityistwiceasbigasmyhometown.这个城市是我家乡的两倍大。(2)比较级的用法比较级表示两者之间比较，表示程度的副词alittle、abit、alot、much、even等可以修饰比较级以加强程度。常见比较级的结构和用法如下：结构用法例句比较级＋than表示两者进行比较Sheusuallygetsupearlierthanothers.她通常比别人起得早。比较级＋and＋比较级表示“越来越……”，其中多音节形容词/副词用“moreandmore＋形容词/副词的原级”Sheisgrowingfatterandfatter.她变得越来越胖了。Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。the＋比较级，the＋比较级表示“越……就越……”，如果“the＋比较级”修饰名词作定语，名词要紧跟在比较级之后Thebusiertheoldmanis，thehappierhefeels.那位老人越忙越高兴。Themoremoneyhegets，themorehewants.他得到的钱越多，他想要的就越多。特殊疑问词＋其他＋谓语动词＋比较级，AorB？两者进行比较，表示“哪一个更……”Whichsubjectdoyoulikebetter，EnglishorChinese？你更喜欢哪一科，英语还是语文？A＋be＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B表示“……几倍于……”TheYangtzeRiverisalmostthreetimeslongerthanthePearlRiver.长江大约比珠江长两倍。(3)最高级的用法表示三者或三者以上比较时用最高级。常见最高级的结构和用法如下：结构用法例句主语＋谓语动词(＋the)＋最高级＋(名词＋)in/of短语表示在某一范围内或某类人或物中“最……的”Heisthetallestboyinourclass.他是我们班里最高的男孩。oneof＋the＋最高级＋名词复数表示“最……的……之一”Heisoneofthemostpopularsingers.他是最受欢迎的歌手之一。特殊疑问词＋其他＋谓语动词(＋the)＋最高级，A，BorC？三者比较，“谁/哪个最……”Whojumpshighest，Tom，BillorJohn？谁跳得最高，汤姆、比尔还是约翰？主语＋谓语动词＋the＋序数词＋最高级＋名词＋in/of短语表示“……是……第……的……”TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。比较级＋thananyother＋单数名词＝the＋最高级＋单数名词比较级结构表示最高级含义ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.＝ChinaisthelargestcountryinAsia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。用所给词的正确形式填空❶Ifwefollowtherules，ourworldwillbecome________(clean)andmorebeautiful.❷Nevergivingupisthe________(value)thingifyouwanttomakeyourdreamcometrue.❸Youngpeopleaddsomebrightlightsandloudmusictomakethedanceshowmuch________(excite).❹Lilyisunhappybecauseshehasthe________(little)pocketmoneyamongallthegirls.❺Helpingyourbodygettothattemperature________(fast)canencouragedeepersleep.❻Weshouldspeakas________(polite)aspossiblewhenweaskstrangersforhelp.❼—Whodances________(bad)ofthethreegirls?—Thegirlinred.❽Accordingtosomestudies，the________(far)youstudy，themoreyouunderstandyouhavelearned.Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶Martinwentout________(angry)whenheheardthenews.❷HuangguoshuWaterfallis________(wide)knowntopeopleathomeandabroad.❸Tomalwaysinsistshardworkdoesnotnecessarilyleadtosuccess.Ican'tagreewithhim________(complete).❹Janewastoo________(excite)tofallasleepquickly.❺Thelifeisbetterthanbeforebuttheenvironmentismuch________(bad).❻Shapingorpullinglamiannoodlesbyhandforthis________(tradition)soupisanartinitself.❼Itis________(enjoy)tolistentomusicandtakeacupofcoffeeonasunnyafternoon.❽Comparedwiththepast，thecommunitycanteensareprovidingpeople，bothyoungandold，with________(cheap)andhealthierdishesnow.❾Visitingmygrandparentsabroadisoneofthe________(happy)experiencesI'vehadthisyear.❿Short­formvideoscancatchpeople'seye________(easy)，butweshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeonthem.Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空heavy，exact，hard，real，rapid，large，exciting，polite，sleep，much❶—Whyareyoulooking________inclassallday?—BecauseIcan'tfinishmyhomeworkuntileleveneverynight.❷Sometimesitrains________inmyhometowninsummer.❸ThebookcoversallofChinesehistory.Itis________worthreadingagain.❹—WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVseriesIntheNameofPeople?—Itis________oneI'veeverseen.❺AsthenumberofcarsinShanghaigetsmuch________，thepollutionisbecomingmoreserious.❻Onlineshoppingisdevelopingso________thattherearefewerpeopleintheshoppingmall.❼Scientistsaretryingtofindout________howthehotweatheraffectsthejellyfish.❽Boysandgirls，weallknowthatthe________youlearn，thebetterresultsyouwillget.❾The________youaskpeopleforhelp，themorewillingtheyaretohelpyou.❿IthinkMr.Zhangworks________ofalltheteachersinourschool.Ⅲ.从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式完成短文interest，same，common，good，direct，final，important，elseDifferentplaceshavedifferentrulesaboutgiftsEveryonelovesreceivinggifts，andacrosscultures，presentsareawaytoshowcareandlove.However，traditionsarenotthe1.________ineverycountry.AsaEuropeanlivinginChina，I'veseensome2.________differences.Forexample，whilefruitandmilkarecommongiftshere，inmyculture，theymightbea3.________choicewhenyouarevisitingsomeoneinthehospital.ManyEuropeanswillopentheirpresents4.________，exceptinplaceslikeGermany.It'salso5.________totakeoffthepricetag.Whatifyoudon'tlikeyourgift？InSpain，youstillneedtosayyoulovethegifttoavoidhurtingtheotherperson'sfeelings.Butiftheyremembertoleavethereceipt(小票)insidethegift，whichisavery6.________practiceinSpain，youcanjustexchangeitforsomething7.________．Howthepresentlooksisalsoimportant.8．________，remember：It'sthethoughtthatcounts，notthesizeorthecostofthegift.Ⅳ.(2025唐山三模改编)短文填空Iloveautumnsunsets.Theycreate1.________(wonderful)viewsinthewholeworld.Unlikeotherseasons，autumnis2.________(true)special.Whenthesunsets，theskyispaintedwithallkindsofcolours.Red，orange，andyellowblendtogetherlikea3.________(magic)palette(调色板).AndwheneverI'mfeelingdown，justasinglelookatanautumnsunsethasthepowertoturnmymoodaround.Oneautumnevening，rightatthetimeofdusk，Iwas4.________(real)inabadmood.Itwasallbecauseofthosesuper­hardmathproblems.Icouldn'tsolvethem.IsatallalonebytheXingyueRivernearmyschoolandcouldn'thelpsighing(叹气).Butthatwasn't5.________(help)atall.6.________(sudden)，likeasurprisegift，thesettingsuncaughtmyeye.Iraisedmyheadandlookedupatthesky.Thesunwasshiningbrightlyonthehorizon(地平线)andgivingw