专项01　名词（含答案） 学案 2025年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项一名词河北中考考情分析分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出,名词是河北中考的必考点,主要在单项选择、完形填空、词语运用中考查。单项选择和完形填空侧重考查名词词义辨析,而词语运用则侧重对名词单复数及所有格的考查。预计2025年河北中考会在完形填空和短文填空中对其进行考查。近六年考查频次及分值如下表:考查点年份题号考题设置分值名词词义辨析202441friends/parents/teachers/coaches1分47ears/eyes/arms/hands1分48cost/name/date/test1分202342price/time/fun/level1分47month/week/hour/minute1分50advice/order/action/interest1分202248cities/countries/towns/villages1分49choices/reports/reasons/lessons1分202141rules/excuses/facts/examples1分43doctors/parents/teachers/students1分202035book/menu/newspaper/magazine1分41ways/reasons/habits/results1分43jokes/sports/tasks/lessons1分49worry/pity/surprise/pain1分201927singers/dancers/painters/writers1分37parent/teacher/inventor/engineer1分39lights/projects/suggestions/inventions1分45habit/story/interest/plan1分名词单复数202472school→schools1分76child→children1分202376color→colors1分202276kind→kinds1分202177match→matches1分202075step→steps1分201978note→notes1分用所给词的正确形式填空❶(2024·河北)Theystudyindifferent(school).

❷(2024·河北)Severalminuteslater,many(child)walkedoutinaline.

❸(2023·河北)Wow!Ilikethosebright(color)!

❹(2023·河北)Sheplantsdifferent(kind)ofbeautifulflowersinhergarden.

考点一可数名词❶可数名词的复数形式(1)规则变化情况构成方法例词一般情况加-smap→mapsbag→bagsbook→books以s、x、sh、ch等结尾的词加-esbus→buseswatch→watcheswish→wishesbox→boxes(特例:stomach→stomachs)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i,再加-esbaby→babiescity→cities以“元音字母+y”结尾的词加-smonkey→monkeysholiday→holidays以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词表示无生命的词加-sphoto→photospiano→pianos表示有生命的词加-eshero→heroespotato→potatoestomato→tomatoes以“元音字母+o”结尾的词加-szoo→zoosradio→radioskangaroo→kangaroosvideo→videos以f或fe结尾的词大多数变f或fe为v,再加-esshelf→shelvesthief→thievesknife→knivesleaf→leaveswolf→wolves名词变复数时,变f/fe为v,再加-es的单词:树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf),架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命忙。(2)不规则变化类别构成方法例词复合名词将主体名词变为复数girlfriend→girlfriendsboystudent→boystudentslooker-on(旁观者)→lookers-onman和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都变为复数mandoctor→mendoctorswomanteacher→womenteacherssport修饰名词时,无论主体名词是单数还是复数,sport通常用复数形式asportsclubsportsshoes特殊名词改变单数名词中的元音字母foot→feettooth→teethman→menwoman→womenmouse→mice(特例:boot→boots)词尾加-en或-renox→oxen(公牛)child→children单复数形式相同sheep→sheepdeer→deerspacecraft→spacecraft只有复数形式trousersglassesclothespantsjeansscissors表示“某国人”的名词单复数同形Chinese→ChineseJapanese→Japanese变词尾的man为menEnglishman→EnglishmenFrenchman→Frenchmen词尾加-sGerman→GermansRoman→RomansAmerican→AmericansCanadian→Canadians❷集体名词的数(1)有些集体名词,如people(人们),police(警察),cattle(牛),以单数形式出现,但表示复数意义。这些名词不能用不定冠词或one修饰。作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Therearealotofpeopleinthepark.公园里有很多人。(2)有些集体名词,如class(班级),family(家庭),team(队,组)等,既可以表示单数意义,又可以表示复数意义。若把集体名词看作一个整体,表示单数意义,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;若强调集体中的各个成员,表示复数意义,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Myfamilyisahappyone.我家是一个幸福的家庭。MyfamilyarewatchingTV.我们全家正在看电视。【注意】有些以-s结尾但仍为单数的名词,如maths、politics、physics等学科名词,news(不可数名词)和theUnitedStates等,及以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸名、杂志名等都视为单数。❶Thoseyouadmireverymucharecalled(hero).

❷Howmany(womandoctor)arethereinthehospital?

❸Mostofthetouristsonthecoachare(German),andonlytwoofthemare(Japanese).

❹Peoplehadrebuiltthebridgemany(time).Butitwasstillwashedawayoverandoveragain.

❺Weneedn’tbuyanyCDsforthem.Most(child)neverlistentoCDs.

考点二不可数名词❶中考常见的不可数名词类别例词物质名词液体orange橙汁milk牛奶water水wine酒 juice果汁 tea茶coffee咖啡 soup汤 oil油食物bread面包meat肉beef牛肉cheese奶酪自然soil土壤sand沙子wood木头fire火 rain雨 wind风snow雪 ice冰材料paper纸plastic塑料silk丝绸gold金子cotton棉花抽象名词情感joy高兴sadness忧伤friendship友情 peace和平学科maths数学geography地理physics物理 chemistry化学其他高频词汇advice建议information信息news消息 time时间fun乐趣 health健康money金钱 knowledge知识wealth财富 music音乐success成功 housework家务work工作 interest兴趣weather天气 progress进步❷不可数名词量化的表示abottleof一瓶 apieceof一片/张acupof一杯 apairof一副/双【注意】短语“数词+pair/piece(s)of+复数名词/不可数名词”作主语时,中心词是pair/piece,由其单复数决定谓语动词用单数还是复数。【拓展】有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但意思不同。名词可数不可数名词可数不可数chicken小鸡鸡肉orange橙子橙汁experience经历经验paper试卷;论文纸interest业余爱好利息radio收音机无线电广播glass玻璃杯玻璃room房间空间iron熨斗铁time次数,倍数时间beauty美人美wood树林木材fish鱼(的种类)鱼肉hair(几根)头发头发(整体)常见的名词修饰词❶你好,露西,关于如何提高我的英语请给我一些建议。Hello,Lucy,pleasegivemeonhowtoimprovemyEnglish.

❷他们渴了。你能给他们几瓶水吗?Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem?

❸——蒂娜,你早餐经常吃什么?——我通常吃两片面包,喝些牛奶。—Tina,whatdoyouoftenhaveforbreakfast?—Iusuallyeatanddrinksomemilk.

❹当春天来了,杭州总是有很多雨。Whenspringcomes,thereisalwaysinHangzhou.

考点三名词所有格❶名词所有格的定义和形式名词所有格用于表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种形式:一种是词尾加-’s;另一种是介词of后加名词。❷名词所有格的构成规则规则示例-’s所有格表示有生命的名词的所有格一般在其词尾加-’s,以-s或-es结尾的名词只加-’mycousin’sclothes我表弟的衣服students’books学生们的书表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命事物的名词,也可以加-’s或者-’构成所有格today’snewspaper今天的报纸twohours’ride两个小时的车程-’s所有格两人或多人共有某物时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s;如果该物为各自所有,则各个名词后都要加-’sLucyandLily’sbedroom露西和莉莉(共同)的房间Lucy’sandLily’sbedrooms露西和莉莉(各自)的房间为了避免重复,可单独使用-’s所有格,其作用在句中相当于名词Whosepenisthis?IsitTony’s?这是谁的钢笔?它是托尼的吗?of所有格表示无生命东西的所有关系,of所有格由“of+名词/代词”构成We’llmeetatthegateoftheschool.我们将在学校门口见面。双重所有格双重所有格的构成有两种形式:一种是“of+-’s所有格”,另一种是“of+名词性物主代词”apictureofLily’s莉莉的一张照片afriendofhers她的一个朋友❶Morethan60percentofChineseteenagersdon’tgeteight(hour)sleepadayandhomeworkisthoughttobethekeyreason.

❷—Whoisthegirlsingingnow?Iseemtohaveseenherbefore.—Sheisafriendof(I).

❸Tomhastriedeverypossiblewaytosolvetheproblembecausehedoesn’twanttoreceiveanybody(else)help.

❹Wheredidyougoon(child)Day?

❺这间卧室是我的。那间卧室是吉姆和汤姆的。Thisbedroomismine.Thatbedroomis.

考点四名词词义辨析常见的易混名词辨析:❶family、house与homefamily指“家,家庭,家人”,不指住房home作“家”讲,指人们较长时间生活居住的地方,有家庭的环境和气氛house有“住宅,家”之意,强调房屋和居住点❷job与workjob可数名词,指一项具体的工作work不可数名词,指工作、劳动❸problem与questionproblem与“困难”相联系,它可以指社会问题、数学问题,这种问题是有待解决的,与之搭配的动词是solvequestion与“疑问、质问、询问”相联系,这种问题是有待回答的,常与动词answer、ask连用❹voice、noise与soundvoice嗓音noise吵闹声,指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声sound指人所听到的自然界的任何声音选词填空❶TomregardsNanjingashissecond(family;house;home)becausehehasbeenhereforovertenyears.

❷LiLingwantstobeasinger.Shethinksit’saninteresting(work;job).

❸Thewasthathegavemenochancetoanswerhis.(question;problem)

❹Atthefootofthehill,youcouldhearnothingbutthe(voice;noise;sound)oftherunningwater.

Ⅰ.从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空price,high,advantage,inspire,rubbish❶—Dorandoisabout1.99metrestall.Hecantouchsomethinghighupeasily.—Yes,that’strue.Hisgiveshimaclearadvantage.

❷Istheworldindangerofproducingtoomuchthatcan’tberecycled?

❸Theofmostnewdrugs(药品)willbecutdownby61.7%sothatmorepeoplecanaffordthem.

❹Theyarebreakingthelawinordertoobtaina(n)overtheircompetitors.

❺—AfterlisteningtoMusk’sspeech,Imakeupmymindtoinventsomethingtochangetheworld.—Yeah!Heisreallya(n)tousall.

Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶Therearesome(cup)ofteaonthetable.

❷Everyonewastouchedbythatgreaterhu(master)performance.

❸Touristscanseemanywestern-style(build)inShanghaiDisneyland.

❹TwoChinese(woman)havebeentospacesofar.They’reLiuYangandWangYaping.

❺Alisawillpickstrawberriesand(tomato)withherfathertomorrow.

❻Workingasateammeanscelebrating(victory)andfacinglossestogether.

❼Ispentone(night)timemakingavideototakepartinTellChina’sStoriescompetition.

❽Thisyear,thefamilywentcampingon(children)Day.

❾It’slessthanthree(hour)flightfromXi’antoLhasa.

❿Eventhebottomwasfullofrubbishandtherewerenomorefishfor(fisherman)tocatch.

Ⅲ.短文填空AsakindoftraditionalChinesedress,mamianqun(horsefaceskirt)firstappearedintheSongDynastyandgrewpopularduringtheMingDynasty.Thetwo1.(side)ofmamianqunarepleated(起褶的),andthereisasmoothpartinthemiddle,commonlyknownas“mamian”.Whyisitcalled“mamian”?Infact,“mamian”isakindofstructureusedfor2.(protect)inthecitywallsystem.However,allthe3.(book)aboutmamianqunonlyshowthatthesmoothsurfacewithoutpleatsinthemiddleiscalled“mamian”.Butthereisnofurtherexplanationofhowmamianqungotitsname.Mamianquniscolorful,mostlyredandblue.Redmeansgoodluckandjoy.AccordingtoHancustoms,4.(woman)usuallyworeredskirtsduringcelebrationsoffestivals.IntheQingDynasty,bluewasalsocommonandpopular,pairedwithblackandyellow.Mamianqunhasdifferentkindsofpatternswithdifferent5.(mean).Forexample,dragonandphoenix(凤凰)6.(pattern)showthelovebetweenamananda