2026届河南南阳市新未来联考高二下学期4月期中测评英语试题（含答案无听力音频无听力原文）

机密★启用前2026届河南南阳市新未来联考高二下学期4月期中测评英语试题（试卷满分：150分，考试时间：120分钟）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号；回答非选择题时，用0.5mm的黑色字迹签字笔将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?A.Heplayedbasketball. B.Hewatchedamatch. C.Hepaidforabasketball.2.Howdoesthewomandescribethenewmanager?A.Kind. B.Moody. C.Learned.3.Whattypeofbookisthemanreading?A.Horrorfiction. B.Romanticfiction. C.Sciencefiction.4.WhyisLilygoingtoChina?A.Tolookafterakid. B.Tovisitherparents. C.Totakeatrip.5.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthemeeting?A.Itwillbecancelled. B.Itwillbeginontime. C.Ithasbeenpostponed.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Howdoesthemanpaythebill?A.Bycreditcard. B.Incash. C.ByQRcode.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Receptionistandcustomer. B.Workmates. C.Bossandemployee.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice. B.Inacafe. C.Inabookshop.9.WhatdoesJohnaskAlicetosigntoday?A.Anemploymentagreement. B.Astaffhandbook. C.Asocialmediaagreement.10.WhatwillAlicedothisafternoon?A.Writeaworkplan. B.Readanewbook. C.Lookaroundnearby.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。11.WhydoesMr.Smithfeeltired?A.Heisill. B.Heisbusyteachingstudents. C.Hisworkloadisheavy.12.WhatshouldRogerdoaccordingtoMr.Smith?A.Paymoreattentiontodetail. B.Improvetheefficiency. C.Acquiremoreknowledge.13.WhatdoweknowaboutMartin?A.Heintendstocopyhisdad. B.Heisthemostfamousone. C.Heusuallyusesnewmethods.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。14.Whatisthewomanworriedabout?A.Andy’sacademicperformance. B.Spendingtoomuchmoney. C.Heavyshoppingitems.15.WhydoesAndyneedsomanynotebooks?A.Hewantstobuysomeforhisfriends.B.Theyareonsaletoday.C.Heneedsthemforeachsubject.16.WhomightJennybe?A.Andy’saunt. B.Andy’ssister. C.Andy’sclassmate.17.Whatisthepurposeofthetax-freeweekendaccordingtothewoman?A.Tohelpthedealers. B.Topushpeopletoshopmore. C.Tobringdownpricelevels.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.WhatisEmilyWang?A.Anoceanbiologist. B.Auniversityprofessor. C.Anenvironmentalscientist.19.HowmanylanguagescanEmilyWangspeak?A.2. B.3. C.5.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Herpersonalintroduction. B.Hercareerdevelopment. C.Theenvironmentalprotection.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGettysburg,PennsylvaniaTheGettysburgNationalMilitaryParkisinthesmalltownofGettysburgintheeasternstateofPennsylvania.TheBattleofGettysburg:BackgroundandOverviewMuchoftheareaaroundGettysburgstilllookslikeitdidinthe1860s,duringtheAmericanCivilWar.Thetownisinthemiddleofgoodfarmland.RoadspassthroughGettysburgleadingtoBaltimore,Washington,D.C.,andothereasterncities.Itishardtobelievetwohugearmiesfoughtthere.OnewastheUSArmyofthePotomac,commandedbyGeneralGeorgeMeade.TheotherwastheConfederateArmyofNorthernVirginiabyGeneralRobertE.Lee.ThebattleofGettysburgbeganonJuly1,1863.170,000soldiersfoughtforthreedays.WhenitendedonJuly3,over50,000soldiersweredead,woundedormissing.GettysburgCivilWarMuseumManyvisitorsstarttheirvisittoGettysburgattheGettysburgMuseumoftheCivilWar.IthasalargecollectionofCivilWarobjectsfromsoldiers’privatenotebookstomapsofthebattlefield.ThemuseumalsohousestheGettysburgcycloramapainting.Itshowstheartist’svisionofthefinalmajorattackonJuly3,1863.Overtime,ithascometobecalledPickett’sCharge.GeorgePickettwasoneofseveralConfederatecommandersorderedtomakethecharge.Thechargefailed.Southernforceswouldneveragainreachsofarnorth.Lincoln’sGettysburgAddressSoonafterthebattle,peoplebegantovisitGettysburgtounderstandwhathappened,oneofwhom,onNovember19,1863,wasPresidentAbrahamLincoln,invitedtohelpdedicateaburialgroundforUnionsoldierskilledinthebattle.Lincolnspokeforjusttwominutes.Buthisspeech,knownas“TheGettysburgAddress”,isoneofthemostfamouspiecesofAmericanoratory.21.WhatdoweknowaboutGettysburg?A.Itisasmalltownwithlimitedtransportation.B.Ithascompletelylostitsoriginalappearance.C.Thefarmlandarounditispooranddry.D.ThebattleofGettysburgwasdecisiveandbloody.22.WhydidLincolnvisitGettysburgonNovember19,1863?A.Todeliverapeacespeech.B.ToappreciateapaintingabouttheCivilWar.C.Toattendthemuseumopeningceremony.D.Toparticipateinthetombcompletionevent.23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelbrochure. B.Ageographytextbook.C.Ahistorypaper. D.Aneducationmagazine.BIndonesianuniversitystudentTyasSisianinditaspendsabouteighthoursadayonherphone,watchingvideos,chattingwithfriendsandusingsocialmedia.“IrealizeIamaddicted,”shesaid,notingshechecksherphonecountlesstimesfrommorninguntilnight.Sheevenchecksitwhileinclass.“Atnight,whenIcan’tsleep,Icanusemyphoneforuptofivehours,”shesaid.TyasgoestotheUniversityofIndonesia,whereateamofstudentsrecentlydevelopedadevicemeanttofightphoneaddiction.Thestudentsspentthreemonthscreatingthedevice,whichcanhelpInternetuserslikeTyasdecreasetimetheyspendlookingattheirphones.InventorIrfanBudiSatrialedthedevelopmentteam.Thedeviceiscalled“Nettox”,whichcombinesthewords“internet”and“detox”.Userswearitontheirarm.Thedevicehasasensorthatmeasureshemoglobin(血红蛋白)oxygenlevelsandchangestotheheartratecalledHRV.StudieshavefoundthatusingamobilephoneforlonghourscanlowerHRVlevels.TheNettoxdevicemakesasoundwhenHRVandbloodoxygenlevelsfall,whichremindswearerstostopusingtheirphones.Forpeoplebetweentheagesof18and25,theHRVshouldstayabove60.ThatinformtaioncomesfromtheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.Atarecenttrial,Tyas’sHRVreadingwas44.InternetaddictionisagrowingsocialissueinIndonesia.IrfanBudiSatria’steamisworkingtoimproveNettox’saccuracy.HRVreadingscanchangedependingonwhethertheuserisamanorwoman,andwhattheirbodyshapeandhealthconditionsare.Theteamaimstogetapatentfortheirinventionwiththeuniversityinthenearfuture.IrfansaysNettoxisforpeoplealreadytryingtochangetheirbehaviour.“OurgoalistohelppeoplewhowanttofreethemselvesfromInternetaddiction,”hesaid.24.WhydoestheauthortakeTyasSisianinditaasanexample?A.Toleadinthetopic. B.Tostressshehasaspecialidentity.C.ToshowshecomesfromMalaysia. D.Torecommendanewproducttoher.25.WhichcansummarizetheworkingprincipleofNettox?A.Itstopsphoneuseduringclasses. B.Itmeasuresadecreaseintwoindicators.C.Itauto-locksphonesaftersettime. D.Ittracksphonetimeandwarnsviathephone.26.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnaboutNettoxfromthelastparagraph?A.Itfitsallphoneusers.B.Itsaccuracyisperfectnow.C.Itaimstohelppeoplequitphoneaddiction.D.Ithasmanylimitations.27.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tointroduceadevice. B.Toexposeasocialphenomenon.C.Toexplainphoneuse’sharmtoHRV. D.TopraiseTyas’sfightwithphoneaddiction.CTheimageofasnakemeantfertilityandrebirthforsomenativeAmericangroups,aswellaspeoplelivinginancientGreeceandEgypt.ItisalsoimportantinancientMayans,NorseandChinesecultures.EncyclopediaBritannica(《大英百科全书》)notesthatinBaltictraditions,runningintoasnakewasconsideredgoodluck.Anditwasbadluckifyoukilledone.However,insomereligioustraditions,aserpenttemptedEve—theworld’sfirstwoman—todisobeyGodbyeatingforbiddenfruit.ThisgotherandAdam—theworld’sfirstman—expelled(驱逐)fromtheGardenofEden.So,snakeswereimportantinmanycultures.Sometimestheyrepresentedcreation.Atothertimes,theyrepresentedgoodandevil(邪恶)andsometimesjustevil.Now,asyoujustheard,sometimeswecallsnakes“serpents”.Aserpentsoundsbigger,morethreatening,andevenmoreimportantthanasnake.Youcancallaserpentasnakewhentalkingaboutancientsymbols.Butitdoesnotworkwelltheotherway.Ifyousawasnakemovingontheground,youwouldnotsay,“Heylook!Aserpentjustslitheredunderthatrock!”Weoftenusetheword“slither”todescribehowasnakemoves.IntheEnglishlanguage,snakeshaveabadreputation.Apersondescribedasa“snake”isaliar.Someoneactslikeyourfriendbutthendoessomethingterriblebehindyourback.Asnakeissomeoneyouthoughtyoucouldtrust,buttheyendupbitingyou.Peoplewhoactlikeyourfriend,butwhowanttohurtyouinstead,areahiddendanger—justlikeasnakeinthegrass.Althoughsnakeshaveabadreputation,innaturetheyreallywanttoavoidhumancontact.Somesnakesliveintallgrass,oftenhiddenfrompeopleandanimals.Butifyouwalktooclose,onemightbiteyou.So,inthatway,snakesaredangerous.Thesamecanbesaidofapersonwhoactslikeyourfriend.28.Whichwordcanaccuratelydescribesnakesinancientsymbols?A.Common. B.Small. C.Significant. D.Harmless.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“slither”inParagraph4mean?A.Hide. B.Slide. C.Appear. D.Wander.30.Whattypeofpersonmatchesthedescriptionof“snakeinthegrass”?A.Afaithfulfriend. B.Afictionalcharacter.C.Atotalangrystranger. D.Apersonwithhiddenevilintentions.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GoodandEvilofSnakes B.SnakesinCultureandLanguageC.TheMoveofSnakesinNature D.Serpentvs.SnakeDAmsterdamistestinga“bubblebarrier”tohelpremoveplasticfromthecity’swaterways.TheprojectiscalledtheGreatBubbleBarrier.Thesystemaimstocapturewastebeneaththesurfaceofthewater.ThecitylaunchedtheeffortinNovember.Thenon-profitgroupsupportingtheprojecthopesitcanbeusedinotherplacesifsuccessful.FrancisZoet,thetechnicaldirectoroftheproject,said,“Abubblebarrierisbasicallyatubethatweplaceonthebottomoftheriverorcanal,thathasholesinitandwepressairthroughit;thatcreatesabubblecurtain.”Thetubeliesdiagonally(斜对地)acrossthecanal.Thebubblesworkwiththeflowofwaterinthecanaltofloatthewasteandthenmoveitintoacollectorontheside.Theydon’tinterferewithpassingboats.Theyalsodon’tcauseamajorproblemforfishorbirds.Amsterdamalreadyhasfourboatsthatcollectabout42,000kilogrammesofplasticayear.Buttheboatscanonlypickupthewasteonthesurface.Theymisssomesmallerpiecesaltogether.RoyLeysneriswithWaternet,partofthelocalwaterauthoritythatispayingfortheprojectwiththeCityofAmsterdam.Hesaid,“EverypieceofplasticwhichfallsintothewaterinthecanalsiseventuallyflowingouttotheNorthSea.Wewanttopreventthat.”Itisestimatedthatriverscarryupto4millionmetrictonsofplasticintotheworld’soceanseachyear.AnotherDutchgrouphasalsolaunchedasystemtocollectsurface-levelriverwasteusingfloatingbarriers.FrancisZoetoftheAmsterdamprojectsaidthetwoideasworkwelltogether.Shesaid,“Wesupportbasicallyeveryinitiativethatisfocusedonreducingtheplasticsoup.”32.Howdoesthebubblebarrierdifferfromtraditionalwaste-collectingboats?A.Itfocusesontheremovaloflargeplastics. B.Ittargetswastebeneaththewater.C.Itmainlyreliesonhumanlabour. D.Itstopsallplasticflowingintothesea.33.Whatdothebubblesdobyworkingwithwaterflow?A.Usediagonaltubestoblockboattraffic. B.Createacurtaintotrapwastebythecanalwall.C.Floatwastefortraditionalboatstocollect. D.Guidewasteintoacollector.34.WhydoestheauthormentionanotherDutchgroup’sfloatingbarriersystem?A.Tocriticizeitsinefficiencycomparedtothebubblebarrier.B.TohighlighttheuniquenessofAmsterdam’sproject.C.Toemphasizethecollectiveefforttofightplasticpollution.D.Toexplainwhythebubblebarrierismoreinnovative.35.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthebubblebarrierproject?A.Itmayhaveapromisingfuture.B.Itdeterminesthewaterqualityofthecanal.C.Itrequiresfundingfrominternationalorganizations.D.IthasreducedplasticpollutionintheNorthSea.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。RedpandasarenativetothehighforestsofAsia.Theyareonlyalittlebiggerthanahousecatandconsideredtobeendangered.Scientistsreportedlastmonththatnotallredpandasbelongtothesamespecies.____36____ThescientistsreportedfindingmajordifferencesinthreegeneticmarkersbetweenChineseredpandasandHimalayanredpandas.____37____DNAcarriesgeneticinformationforthedevelopment,growthandreproductionoflivingthings.Documentingtheexistenceoftwoseparatespeciescouldhelpguideeffortsforprotectingredpandas,scientistsadded.ChineseredpandasliveinnorthernMyanmar,aswellassoutheasternTibet,Sichuan,andYunnanprovincesinChina.HimalayanredpandasarenativetoNepal,India,BhutanandsouthernTibetinChina,theresearcherssaid.____38____Butthenewstudywasthefirsttoprovidethegeneticinformationnecessarytopermitsuchajudgment.Internationalexpertsestimateatotalpopulationofaround10,000redpandasinthewild.Thetwospeciesdifferincolorationandskullshape.____39____Majorthreatstoredpandasincludedeforestationandhabitatloss.Whiletheyhavesimilarnames,redpandasandgiantpandasarenotcloselyrelated.____40____Redpandasaresometimescalledlivingfossilsbecausetheyhavenocloselivingrelatives.Theyaretheonlyremainingmemberoftheirmammalian(哺乳类动物)family.A.It’sdifficultforgiantpandastoliveinthewild.B.TheHimalayanredpandaistherarerofthetwo.C.Giantpandasareoneoftheworld’seightbearspecies.D.Therearefewerthan10,000redpandasleftintheworld.E.Scientistshadearliersuggestedthereweretwospeciesofredpanda.F.Therearetwodifferentspeciesofthisanimal,notjustone,astudyfound.G.ScientistsidentifiedthemarkersafterstudyingDNAfrom65ofthecreatures.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Cannedfood,astapleinmodernhouseholds,hasaninterestingoriginstoryrootedinnecessity.Inthelate18thcentury,theFrenchmilitary,____41____withthechallengeofsupplyingtroopsduringNapoleon’sextensivecampaigns,offeredasubstantial____42____foraneffectivefood-preservationmethod.Thischallenge____43____NicolasAppert,aFrenchcookandcandy-maker.Appertspentmanyyearstestingdifferentideas.Hisfirst____44____didn’tgowell.Jarsoftenbrokewhenhe____45____them,orthefoodwent____46____soonafterhesealed(密封)thejars.Buthedidn’t____47____.Hekepttryingandfinallyfoundthatdifferentfoodsneededdifferentheatingtimes,anditwasveryimportanttosealthejars____48____.In1809,afterlotsoftries,Appertsuccessfully____49____foodinglassjarsandwontheprize.His____50____becamethestartofmoderncanning.Still,glassjarshada(n)____51____:theywereeasytobreakandnotgoodforcarryingaround.Thisledtomorenew____52____.In1810,aBritishinventornamedPeterDurandgotapatent(专利)forusingironcanscoveredwithtin.Althoughearlycansweredifficultto____53____andrequiredspecializedtools,theyrepresentedasignificant____54____.Astimepassedandthecanningprocessimproved,cannedfoodbecame____55____.Itchangedthefoodindustryandhelpedmakesuretherewasenoughfoodduringwartimeandlong-distancetravel.41.A.agreeing B.connecting C.starting D.struggling42.A.reward B.title C.project D.appeal43.A.troubled B.disturbed C.attracted D.influenced44.A.expectations B.preparations C.attempts D.proposals45.A.heated B.sold C.carried D.cooked46.A.wrong B.bad C.grey D.right47.A.stepin B.passout C.giveup D.comeover48.A.tightly B.patiently C.slightly D.rapidly49.A.made B.stored C.changed D.raised50.A.efforts B.find C.method D.experiments51.A.appearance B.problem C.mistake D.advantage52.A.opportunities B.information C.adaptation D.ideas53.A.purchase B.open C.maintain D.promote54.A.advancement B.success C.source D.contribution55.A.famous B.possible C.delicious D.popular第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。CompendiumofMateriaMedica(《本草纲目》),writtenbyLiShizhenduringtheMingDynasty,isaremarkablemasterpieceinthehistoryoftraditionalChinesemedicine.Completedin1578after27yearsofpainstakingefforts,thisgreatwork____56____(represent)thepinnacle(巅峰之作)ofancientChinesemedicalknowledge.Thebook,____57____consistsof52volumesandabout1.9millionChinesecharacters,systematicallyclassifies1,892kindsofmedicinalmaterialsinto16majorcategoriesand60sub-categories(子类目).Eachentrydetailsthename,origin,properties,functions,andpreparationmethodsoftheherbs,____58____(accompany)by1,160vividillustrations,makingiteasierforreaders____59____(identify)them.Forexample,itcorrectserrorsinpreviousmedicaltexts____60____addsmanynewly-discoveredherbs,greatlyenriching____61____contentofmateriamedica.LiShizhen’sachievementisfar-reaching.His____62____(innovate)classificationsystem,basedonthenaturalpropertiesofmedicine,becameanimportantcornerstoneofmodernbiologicaltaxonomy(分类学),preceding(先于)Linnaeus’SystemaNaturae____63____overacenturyandahalf.Thecompendiumalsoprovidesabundantinformationforresearchinvariousfields,suchasbotany,zoology,andpharmacology(药理学).Translatedintomultiplelanguages,CompendiumofMateriaMedicahas____64____(significant)influencedthedevelopmentofmedicineworldwide.In2011,itwasinscribedontheUNESCOMemoryoftheWorldRegister,further____65____(highlight)itsglobalvalue.Eventoday,itremainsapreciousresourcefortraditionalChinesemedicinepractitionersandresearchers.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）66.假定你是李华，你校英语报正在举办一场“多一分交流，少一分冲突”为主题的征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。投稿包括以下要点：1.交流的重要性；2.如何有效交流(不少于两点)。注意：1.词数为80左右；2.开头已给出。Morecommunication,fewerconflicts

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第二节（满分25分）67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenDanielblewoutthecandlesonhisfortiethbirthdaycake,hestaredatthecrumpled(皱巴的)notebookinhishand—onehe’dboughttenyearsearlier,stillemptyexceptforasingleline:“Myfirstnovel.”Regretweighedonhimlikeaheavycoat.Foroveradecade,he’dworkedasanaccountantinasmalloffice,staringatspreadsheets(电子制表)whilehisdreamofwritingcollecteddust.Everytimehethoughtaboutpickingupapen,avoiceinhisheadwhispered,“It’stoolate.You’renotyoungenough.Noonewillreadyourwork.”Fearalwayswon,pushinghisdreamintothebackofhiscloset,nexttotheoldtypewriterhisgrandfatherhadgivenhim.Onequieteveninginlateautumn,Danielcamehomefromworktoanemptyhouse—hiswifehadtakentheirdaughtertovisitherparents.Theraintappedsoftlyagainstthewindow,andthelivingroomfeltcolderthanusual.HewalkedpasttheTV,whichheusuallyturnedonwithoutthinking,andstoppedinfrontofhisdesk.There,underapileofbills,wasthatoldtypewriter.Hepulleditout,wipedthedustoffitskeys,andthenopenedhislaptoptoablankdocument.Hishandshoveredoverthekeyboardforaminute—nervous,unsure,Finally,hetypedthreewords:“Therainfell...”andkeptgoing.Atfirst,hiswritingfeltclumsy(笨拙的),likeachildlearningtorideabike.Sentenceswereawkward,andhischaractersfeltflat.He’ddeletewholeparagraphs,sigh,andstartagain.Butherememberedsomethinghisgrandfatheroncesaid,“Seedsdon’tgrowovernight—youhavetowaterthemeveryday.”SoDanielmadeapromise:he’dwritefor30minuteseachnight,nomatterhowtiredhewas.Somenights,heonlywroteafewsentences;othernights,wordsflowedliketherainoutside.Hewroteabouthischildhoodsummersonhisgrandfather’sfarm,aboutthequietsadnessofmissingoldfriends,andaboutthecourageittooktochaseadreamyou’dhiddenaway.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Oneweekend,Danielsawanadforalocalshortstorycontest.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Laterthatyear,anotheroneofhisstorieswonabiggercontest.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案版1.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?A.Heplayedbasketball. B.Hewatchedamatch. C.Hepaidforabasketball.【答案】A2.Howdoesthewomandescribethenewmanager?A.Kind. B.Moody. C.Learned.【答案】B3.Whattypeofbookisthemanreading?A.Horrorfiction. B.Romanticfiction. C.Sciencefiction.【答案】C4.WhyisLilygoingtoChina?A.