2026届新高考英语考前冲刺最后一课 语篇结构分析突破阅读理解

2026届新高考英语考前冲刺最后一课语篇结构分析突破阅读理解构建“语篇-题型-策略”三维教学体系针对高考英语阅读理解高频考点，以“语篇类型”为切入点，深度解析A篇应用文、B篇记叙文/报道文、CD篇说明文的命题规律。通过对高考真题分类梳理，提炼“语篇结构→命题点→解题技巧”对应关系，帮助学生建立“见文识型、依型解题”的阅读思维，彻底告别盲目刷题！目录CONTENTS01020304阅读理解对应语篇类型语篇类型对应语篇特征语篇结构对应命题点A篇阅读理解对应语篇类型A篇年份试题来源主题语境字数题型分类2024新高考I卷人与社会：保护修复自然区域的志愿者小组的任务，加入要求和方式，任务和时间安排等。2082个细节理解题1个推理判断题新高考II卷人与自然：爱尔兰卡洛秋季徒步节的四条徒步路线2533个细节理解题2023新高考I卷人与社会：阿姆斯特丹自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作2082个细节理解题1个推理判断题新高考II卷人与自然：黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目2533个细节理解题2022新高考I卷人与社会：文学概论课程评分办法2331个细节理解题2个推理判断题新高考II卷人与社会：关于儿童博物馆团体游的相关信息2353个细节理解题阅读理解对应语篇类型A篇EastYorkshireAttractionsBurnbyHallGardens&MuseumTheBalk,PocklingtonYO422QFTel:01759307125Thegardensarebeautifullylaidoutwithtwolakes,whicharehometoavastcollectionoffish.WealsohaveStewartMuseum,achildren’splayground,abook&giftshop,andtearooms.Sundaybandconcertsandeventsareavailablethroughouttheyear.Open:10:00amto5:30pmPrices:Adults£4.65,Seniors£3.95,Children£2.50GooleMuseumCarlisleStreet,GooleDN145DSTel:01405768963ThemuseumexploresthecolourfulhistoryofthetownandportofGoole,withplentyofhands-onexhibitsforyoungervisitors.Thetemporaryexhibitiongalleryhasawiderangeofartcraft(工艺)andlocalhistoryexhibitionswhichchangeseverymonth.Open:10:00amto5:00pmAdmissionFreeSledmereHouseSledmere,DriffieldYO253XGTel:01377236637SledmereHouseisoneofYorkshire’smostattractivehouses.Wehaveanaward-winninggarden,amilitarymuseum,achildren’splayarea,andacafé&giftshop.OrganmusicisplayedonThursdayafternoons.Open:11:30amto3:30pmPrices:Adults£8.00,Seniors£6.00,Children£3.00BridlingtonBird&AnimalParkBridlington,EastYorkshireYO153QFTel:01262673653Thefamily-runparkissetinawonderfulwoodlandenvironment.Itoffersdailyshowsofpigracing.Wealsohavearangeofbirdsandotheranimalstoofferafun-filleddayoutforfamilies.Open:10:00amto5:00pmPrices:Adults£4.50,Seniors£4.00,Children£3.502025八省联考A

篇语篇分析语篇类型：应用文语篇结构：分述语篇内容：文章介绍了英国东约克郡的四个景点，主要包括其地理位置、联系方式、景点活动、开放时间及票价等信息。阅读理解对应语篇类型A篇A篇阅读理解语篇类型：应用文语篇结构：分述阅读考查：细节题为主从2025年八省联考来看，更注重考查学生语篇知识、碎片化信息分析和整合能力！21.Whichattractionhoststemporaryexhibitions?A.GooleMuseum. B.BurnbyHallGardens&Museum.C.SledmereHouse. D.BridlingtonBird&AnimalPark.22.WhatcantouristsdoatSledmereHouse?A.Feedawiderangeofanimals. B.WatchabandconcertonSunday.C.Explorethehistoryofthetown.D.EnjoyorganmusiconThursday.23.WhatistheticketpriceforchildrenatBridlingtonBird&AnimalPark?A.£2.50. B.£3.00. C.£3.50. D.£4.00.语篇类型对应语篇特征主题语境：人与社会为主语篇类型：应用文（具有告知功能的非连续性文本）文章长度：190-300词语篇内容：实践性强1.生活应用类

如：书评、景点介绍、课程安排、指南、烹饪食谱、操作指令等。2.并列科普类

如：四个旅行社、四个教育网站等。语言特点：简洁概要，常出现大写的专有名词、加粗字体、数字和符号等。A篇语篇特征语篇类型A篇阅读理解语篇类型：应用文语篇结构：分述阅读考查：细节题为主从2025年八省联考来看，更注重考查学生语篇知识、碎片化信息分析和整合能力！语篇结构对应命题点A篇语篇结构命题点1.生活应用类分项目式或罗列式2.并列科普类1+4结构（4个分项）常见3种设问信息点选取方式：开头：文本目的；目标群体提问中间分项:四个分项细节信息全文提问常见3种设问信息点选取方式：全文细节信息语篇类型对应命题逻辑A篇1.考点分布均匀；2.题目基本与文本同序；3.三题考查所有信息，两题考查4个分项。注意涉它对比性提问方式需要多重信息整合得出答案！提问方式：1)Whichof...beginstheearliest?2)Whatdo...and...haveincommon?3)Howis...differentfromtheother...?4)Howdoes...differfromtherestof...?1.功能或优势

Whatisanadvantageof...?Whatisspecialabout...?

2.细节筛选

Wherewilltheparticipantsmeet...?3.计算或比较

Howmuchdoyoupayfor...?4.场景模拟Whatwillhappenifyou...?Whatbestsuitsyouif...?5.规则或条件Whatdoesagroupneedtodoifthey...?6.来源或背景Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?7.共性归纳题Whatdotheyhaveincommon?命题点语篇类型对应命题逻辑A篇EastYorkshireAttractionsBurnbyHallGardens&MuseumTheBalk,PocklingtonYO422QFTel:01759307125Thegardensarebeautifullylaidoutwithtwolakes,whicharehometoavastcollectionoffish.WealsohaveStewartMuseum,achildren’splayground,abook&giftshop,andtearooms.Sundaybandconcertsandeventsareavailablethroughouttheyear.Open:10:00amto5:30pmPrices:Adults£4.65,Seniors£3.95,Children£2.50GooleMuseumCarlisleStreet,GooleDN145DSTel:01405768963ThemuseumexploresthecolourfulhistoryofthetownandportofGoole,withplentyofhands-onexhibitsforyoungervisitors.Thetemporaryexhibitiongalleryhasawiderangeofartcraft(工艺)andlocalhistoryexhibitionswhichchangeseverymonth.Open:10:00amto5:00pmAdmissionFree21.Whichattractionhoststemporaryexhibitions?A.GooleMuseum. B.BurnbyHallGardens&Museum.C.SledmereHouse. D.BridlingtonBird&AnimalPark.语篇类型对应命题逻辑A篇EastYorkshireAttractionsSledmereHouseSledmere,DriffieldYO253XGTel:01377236637SledmereHouseisoneofYorkshire’smostattractivehouses.Wehaveanaward-winninggarden,amilitarymuseum,achildren’splayarea,andacafé&giftshop.OrganmusicisplayedonThursdayafternoons.Open:11:30amto3:30pmPrices:Adults£8.00,Seniors£6.00,Children£3.00BridlingtonBird&AnimalParkBridlington,EastYorkshireYO153QFTel:01262673653Thefamily-runparkissetinawonderfulwoodlandenvironment.Itoffersdailyshowsofpigracing.Wealsohavearangeofbirdsandotheranimalstoofferafun-filleddayoutforfamilies.Open:10:00amto5:00pmPrices:Adults£4.50,Seniors£4.00,Children£3.5022.WhatcantouristsdoatSledmereHouse?A.Feedawiderangeofanimals. B.WatchabandconcertonSunday.C.Explorethehistoryofthetown.D.EnjoyorganmusiconThursday.语篇类型对应命题逻辑A篇EastYorkshireAttractionsSledmereHouseSledmere,DriffieldYO253XGTel:01377236637SledmereHouseisoneofYorkshire’smostattractivehouses.Wehaveanaward-winninggarden,amilitarymuseum,achildren’splayarea,andacafé&giftshop.OrganmusicisplayedonThursdayafternoons.Open:11:30amto3:30pmPrices:Adults£8.00,Seniors£6.00,Children£3.00BridlingtonBird&AnimalParkBridlington,EastYorkshireYO153QFTel:01262673653Thefamily-runparkissetinawonderfulwoodlandenvironment.Itoffersdailyshowsofpigracing.Wealsohavearangeofbirdsandotheranimalstoofferafun-filleddayoutforfamilies.Open:10:00amto5:00pmPrices:Adults£4.50,Seniors£4.00,Children£3.5023.WhatistheticketpriceforchildrenatBridlingtonBird&AnimalPark?A.£2.50. B.£3.00. C.£3.50. D.£4.00.B篇阅读理解对应语篇类型B篇试卷语篇主题语篇结构主题语境2021新高考I卷钢琴翻页员的职业技能要求、舞台挑战及其在艺术表演中的协作价值职业介绍→技能要求→案例说明→人物评价人与自我2021新高考II卷动物园管理员家庭养育濒危虎崽的保育挑战与情感联结背景说明→养育过程→困难与收获→情感升华人与社会2022新高考I卷食物浪费的环境、经济与道德问题及系统性解决方案个人经历→数据论证→解决方案→呼吁行动人与社会2022新高考II卷数字时代下纸质书与儿童阅读习惯的代际冲突，反思科技与传统文化的平衡个人故事→现象分析→反思科技→自我调侃人与社会阅读理解对应语篇类型B篇试卷语篇主题语篇结构主题语境2023新高考I卷生态学家JohnToddy基于自然原理开发生态机器，解决污水净化问题问题导入→技术开发→应用案例→理论升华人与自然2023新高考II卷UrbanSprouts菜园项目通过劳动实践改善低收入社区学生健康与认知问题导入→项目说明→成果展示→意义升华人与社会2024新高考I卷兽医Farber结合传统西医与针灸等旧疗法创新动物医疗现象导入→个人经历→案例证明→行业前景人与社会2024新高考II卷BART车站故事亭项目通过短篇阅读提升乘客体验，推广本土文学现象导入→项目说明→目标延伸→意义升华人与社会阅读理解对应语篇类型年份问题形式答案定位能力考查202124.

WhatshouldTitterton...?25.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?26.WhatdoesTittertonneedtopractise?27.WhyisMsRaspopova’shusband...?24.para125.para326.para327.para624.细节理解：成为翻页员的能力要求25.推理判断：工作性质26.推理判断：工作的训练内容27.推理判断：人物评价202224.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshow...?25.Whatisaconsequence...?26.WhatdoesCurtin’scompanydo?27.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?24.para125.para226.para427.para524.推理判断：芝麻菜例子的原因25.细节理解：浪费食物的结果26.细节理解：公司主要工作27.细节理解：故事启示及建议202324.Whatcanwelearn...?25.WhydidJohn...?26.Whatistheauthor’spurpose...?27.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?24.para1&225.para326.para527.para624.细节理解：人物评价25.推理判断：新生态设计的用途26.推理判断：新生态设计的应用例子27.推理判断：新科技的基本理念202424.What...thinkofhim?25.Why...decidetotryacupunctureonpets?26.What...mainlytalkabout?27.Whydoestheauthormention...?24.para125.para226.para327.para424.细节理解：人物评价25.细节理解：在动物身上尝试针灸的原因26.主旨大意：第三段段意27.推理判断：提到兽医协会例子的原因B篇语篇类型对应命题逻辑B篇JimJohnson,amailcarrier,wasaninstitutionintheleafyWestmoreland,WesthavenandWestoverHillsneighborhoods.justnorthofdowntownWilmington,wherehedeliveredmuchmorethanthemail.Heknewallthekidsandtheirpetsbyname;hecarriedinthegroceries;hetooknoteofunlockeddoors,offeredgardeningadvice,andtaughtmorethanafewyoungboystheartofthecurveball.Whenhewasn'tdoingallthat,Jimwasrunningacrossacheckerboardofgreenlawns(草坪)toensurethelocalpostalservicedidnotfallshortofitsdailypromise.Thoughthepostalserviceisoftendisparagednow,thetrustinlocalpostalserviceliveson.Inmanycommunities,thattrustiswoneverydaywhenlife-savingmedicine,greetIngcards,socialsecuritychecks,collegeacceptanceletters-eventhebills-appearinmailboxesinfrontofthehouses.Aftermorethanthreedecades,Jimapproachedhisfinaldaysonthejobmuchlikeanyother.HedroveaboxypostaltrucktoNorthDuPontRoadforthefirstunofficialstopoftheday.Butch,adogwhobelongedtooneoftheneighbors,waswaitingjustlikeeverydaybefore.Andjustlikeeverydaybefore,hegotintothejumpseatandtheywereoff.Ontheroute,JimandButchhadbecomeinseparable.Now,thedogandthemailmanwouldrideofftoretirementtogether.Ateverystop,Jimacceptedthepartinggoodwishesoffamiliesthathadbecomehisown.Thereweretearsandlaughter,andhugsfilledwithwarmmemories.It’sbeen33yearssinceJimlefttheroute,butwearestillremindedofthedeepbondestablishedbetweencommunityandlettercarrier.That’swhatthepostalservicemeanstous.2025八省联考B

篇语篇分析语篇类型：记叙文语篇结构：Para1：介绍Jim形象及工作表现Para2：进一步叙述Jim工作Para3：Jim退休前接受居民离别祝福Para4：情谊难忘并点明邮政服务意义所在语篇内容：文章主要讲述了邮递员Jim与社区的深厚情谊体现邮政服务的意义语篇类型对应语篇特征主题语境：人与社会为主语篇类型：记叙文/报道文

以人物特写或项目报道为主文章长度：220-350词语篇内容：微观人物个人成长励志故

事与宏观社会现象结合语篇结构：背景-过程-结局/评价B篇语篇类型语篇特征B

篇阅读理解语篇类型：记叙文/夹叙夹议、报道文语篇结构：人物特写项目报道语篇结构对应命题点B篇1.细节：人物从事某事的原因/决定因素2.细节：做某事过程中遇到的困难3.推断：人物品质/评价4.推断：故事背后的信息5.主旨：故事启示/传递的观点或态度1.细节：推出问题，导入现象2.细节：项目设计3.推断：项目应用4.推断：项目影响人物特写项目报道语篇结构命题点语篇结构：背景-过程-结局/评价语篇结构对应命题点B篇（记叙文）拉波夫的叙事结构——点题、指向、进展、评议、结局、回应。概括了“意志力让Jennifer成为家庭中第一位获得学士学位的人”背景介绍：9个兄弟姐妹、生活在农场上、半工半读上技校等主体部分：选择离家近的大学、丈夫和母亲的支持发表观点：牺牲很多，但对于孩子和家族来说是个极大的鼓舞JenniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition(学费),becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jenniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtoearnherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.

Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed(牺牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.''Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,''shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.

Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat'sprettypowerful.点题指向进展结局评议阅读理解对应语篇类型语篇结构对应命题点B篇（记叙文）4.

WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?A.

Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.B.

Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.C.

Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.D.

Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.5.

WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfield?A.Totakecareofherkids

easily.B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.C.Tosavemoneyforherparents.D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.6.

WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?A.Herhealth.B.Hertimewithfamily.C.Herreputation.D.Herchanceofpromotion.7.

Whatcanwelearn

fromJennifer’sstory?A.Timeismoney.B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.C.Hardworkpaysoff.D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.语篇结构对应命题点B篇（项目报道文）

Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveourphones,butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.Well,there'sakiosk(小亭)forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,atleast.“Youenterthefaregates(检票口)andyou'll

seeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucan

getaone-minute,

athree-minute,

orafive-minutestory,”

saysAliciaTrost,

thechief

communicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit

—

knownasBART.

“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”It'sthatsimple.Ridershaveprintednearly20,000shortstoriesandpoemssincetheprogramwaslaunchedlastMarch.Someareclassicshortstories,andsomeareneworiginalworks.Trostalsowantstointroducelocalwriterstolocalriders.

“WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest,”

Trostsays.

“Andasofrightnow,we'vereceivedabout120submissions.Thewinningstorieswouldgointoourkioskandthenyouwouldbeapublishedartist.”Ridershipontransit

(交通)systemsacrossthecountryhasbeendownthepasthalf

century,socouldshortstoriessavetransit?Trostthinksso.“Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycantoimprovetheriderexperience.SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories,”shesays.Andyou'llneverbewithoutsomethingtoread.PhenomenonOperationoftheProgramEffectoftheProgramExtendedGoaloftheProgramProspectoftheProgram阅读理解对应语篇类型语篇结构对应命题点B篇（记叙文）4.

WhydidBART

startthekioskprogram?A.

Topromotethelocalculture.B.

Todiscouragephoneuse.C.

Tomeetpassengers’needs.D.

Toreduceitsrunningcosts.5.

Howarethestories

categorizedinthekiosk?A.

Bypopularity.B.

Bylength.C.

Bytheme.D.

Bylanguage.6.

WhathasTrostbeendoingrecently?A.

Organizingastorycontest.B.

Doingasurveyofcustomers.C.

Choosingaprintpublisher.D.

Conductinginterviewswithartists.7.

WhatisTrost’sopinionaboutBART’sfuture?A.

Itwillclosedown.B.

Itsprofitswilldecline.C.

Itwillexpandnationwide.D.

Itsridershipwillincrease.CD篇阅读理解对应语篇类型CD篇时间篇目主题语境内容体裁说明对象2024.6新高考I卷C人与社会纸质阅读、数字阅读及音视频阅读说明文社会现象D人与社会生物样本数据说明文研究报告2023.6新高考I卷C人与自我数字极简主义说明文新理论D人与社会集体商议的智慧说明文新理论2023.1浙江首考C人与社会智能辩手与人类的区别说明文新事物D人与自然太阳能农场说明文新事物2022.6新高考I卷C人与社会关爱养老院老人的养鸡项目说明文新做法D人与社会人类语音产生变化原因的探索说明文研究报告2022.6浙C人与自我适度努力，事半功倍说明文研究报告2022.1浙C人与社会健康女性患失智征可能性低说明文研究报告2021.6新高考I卷C人与自然美国联邦鸭票计划说明文新事物D人与社会情商的定义、未来研究的期望说明文研究报告Introductionofanewobjectresearchreportsocialphenomenon语篇类型对应命题逻辑CD篇Exposition说明文

tointroducetodescribea(new)objectaresearchreportasocialphenomenon事理性说明文事物性说明文语篇类型对应命题逻辑CD篇

（1）语篇模式上多以问题-解决式为主语篇类型对应命题逻辑IntroductionofanewobjectCanasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsin

maintenance

costsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.2022年全国乙卷

阅读理解C篇语篇分析语篇类型：说明文——Introductionofanewobject语篇内容：文章聚焦于介绍无人机技术在铁路维护和安全保障中的创新应用，重点描述了其功能（如轨道检查、故障检测）、未来概念（自主轨道无人机）及潜在效益（节省成本、提升效率）。语篇类型对应命题逻辑IntroductionofanewobjectCanasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsin

maintenance

costsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.2022年全国乙卷

阅读理解C篇Para1:Topic—IntroducethenewthingPara2：Application—ExistingdroneusesinrailinspectionPara3：Advantages—DetailsfinancialandsafetyadvantagesPara4：Prospect—Future

autonomousdroneconcepts语篇类型对应命题逻辑IntroductionofanewobjectCanasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsin

maintenance

costsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.2022年全国乙卷

阅读理解C篇1.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines. B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones. D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.2.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.

B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.

D.Constructionofinfrastructure.3.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A

Toprovideearlywarning. B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews. D.Toacceleratetransportation.4.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.

HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways语篇类型对应命题逻辑CD篇

（2）语篇模式上多以问题-解决式为主语篇类型对应命题逻辑A

socialphenomenonIscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no.”Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心态)andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks–likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage–toonesthatrequirementalabstraction–suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假说).”Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies–say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.2024年新高考I卷

阅读理解C篇语篇分析语篇类型：说明文——asocialphenomenon语篇内容：文章主要记叙了纸质阅读在深度学习、专注力及记忆保持上优于数字/音频/视频，因物理特性与心理机制差异，建议教育者按目标选择媒介。语篇类型对应命题逻辑A

socialphenomenonIscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no.”Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心态)andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.

Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessful