七年级英语专项作业08 阅读理解特训（巩固培优）解析版

限时练习：40min完成时间：_月一日天气：*

寒假作业08阅读理解特训

积累运用

核心知识积累：

同学们先掌握这些核心要点，做题时才能事半功倍！下面的表格里，老师把考点、技巧和易错点都讲透了,

一定要仔细看哦！

板块详细解析

核心考点①细节理解题（占比约50%）:考查时间（如68:00a.m.）、地点（如inthe

library）＞人物（如Tom/Lucy）、事件（如whalsb.did）等具体信息。大家要记住，

这类题答案一定在原文里，关键是找到“对应点

例子：题干问“WhatdocsMaryhaveforbreakfast?”，就找原文中“Mary”和“breakfast”同

时出现的句子。

②推理判断题（占比20%・25%）：不能选原文直接说的内容，要根据原文信息“推一

步”。比如原文说“Tomlakesanumbrella”,只能推"iimayrain”,不能推“iiisraining”

（太绝对）。

③词义猜测题（占比10%・15%）：不认识的词不用慌，看它前后的“线索''——比如

but（反义）、likc/suchas（举例）、破折号（解释）。

常考简单词汇的语境义，比如“green”在“greenfbod”里是“健康的”，不是“绿色的”。

④主旨大意题（占比15%左右）：要找全文的“核心”，不是某一段的细节。答案大多

藏在首段首句、尾段尾句，或者各段首句串联起来的意思。

⑤观点态度题（偶尔考）：通过文中的评价词i如happy、good、terrible）、情态动

词（如should、must）判断作者或人物的情感。

多考积极（praising）＞中性（neutral）的态度。

解题技巧1.细节题：“关键词定位法”（必用！）

第一步：圈题干里的“关键词”——人名、数字、特殊名词（如library、Mid-Autumn

Festival）疑问词对应的内容（what问事件、where间地点）：

第二步：带着关键词回原文“扫读”，找到包含关键词的句子（定位句）；

第三步：比对选项和定位句，找“同义转换”的选项（常见：like=love、goto

school=arriveatschool）。

2.推理题：“排除法”（保命技巧！）

第一步：先排除两种选项一©原文直接说的［不是推断）；②绝对化的

（niust/only/never,上册几乎不选）；

第二步：剩下的选项结合全文主旨判断，哪个更合理就选哪个。

3.词义题：“语境分析法”重点看生词前后的信号词：

-反义：but（如“Tomistall,buthisbrotherisshort.^^不认识short,可通过but和tall推断

是“矮的”）:

-举例：suchas/forexample（如“Somefruits,suchasapplesandbananas,arehealthy.^^不

认识fruits,可通过举例推断是“水果”）；

-解释：破折号/thatis（如“Heisavegetarian—hedoesn'teatmeat.”可通过解释推断

vegetarian是“素食者”）。

4.主旨题：“首尾句概括法”

第一步：读首段首句和尾段尾句，抓住核心话题（如全文都在讲“mooncakes”，核心话

题就是月饼）；

第二步：排除“局部细节选项“（只讲某一段内容的，比如全文讲月饼，选项只讲一个

与人相关的故事，就不选）：

第三步：选能涵盖“核心话题+作者意图”的选项（如“TheHistoryofMoonCakes”）。

易错提醒①细节题“偷换概念”：选项和原文关犍词“长得像但意思不同”，比如常考的borrow

（借进）和lend（借出）---原文说“IborrowabookfromTom”,选项写成"Ilenda

booktoTom-,一字之差，答案就错了！一定要逐词比对。

②推理题“过度推断”：脱离原文瞎想！比如原文说“Il'scloudytoday”，不能推断“Itwill

rainheavily**,只能推断“Itmayrain”。记住：推断要“有依据”，不能“加戏

③主旨题“以偏概全”：把某一段的细节当全文主旨。比如全文讲“我的校园生活“，包

含教室、图书馆、操场的内容，选项只说“我的教室”，就错了.

④词义题“望文生义”：只看单词表面意思，忽略上下文。比如“green”在“greenjob”里不

是“绿色的工作“，结合上下文“environmentalprotection”（环保），应该是“环保的工

作

⑤通用错误：“不看题干要求”比如题干问“WhichisNOTtrue?55,粗心选成“Whichis

true?”。做题时一定要圈题十里的“NOT/except/不超过X词”。

培优训练

三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型

1巩固提升练

基础篇(3篇)——细节理解为主，夯实基础

(D基础篇1：日常生活类

Passage1

LastSaturday,Ijoinedavolunteergrouptohelp(heelderlyatHappyHomeNursingHome.Wemetatthe

communitygateat8:00a.m.Beforeleaving,ourleaderMs.Litoldustobepoliteandpatientwiththeoldpeople.

Whenwearrived,theelderlywerewaitingforusinthegarden.IwaspairedwithGrandmaWang,an82-year-

oldwomanwholovesreading.ShetoldmesheusedtobeaChineseteacher.Ihelpedhercleanthewindowofher

roomfirst.Then,Isatwithherandreadapoembookaloud.Shelistenedcarefullyandsometimesstoppedto

explainthemeaningofthepoems.Hervoicewassoftbutfullofpassion.Atnoon,wehadlunchtogether.Ifed

GrandmaWangsomericebecauseherhandsshookalittle.ShesmiledandsaidIwasaskindashergranddaughter.

Intheafternoon,weputonasmallshowfortheelderly.Somevolunteerssangoldsongs,andothersdanced.I

playedtheguitarandsang"YouAreMySunshine".GrandmaWangclappedherhandsloudly.Beforeweleftat

4:00p.m.,Igaveherahandmadecardwithmyphonenumberonit.Ipromisedtovisithernextmonth.

Thisvolunteerworkmademerealize(hat(heelderlyneednotonlyfoodandcarebu(alsocompany.Ifeltvery

happybecauseIcouldbringwarmthtothem.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案：

()1.Whendidthevolunteergroupmeetatthecommunitygate?

A.At8:0()a.m.B.At9:00a.m.C.At4:(X)p.m.D.Atnoon

()2.WhatdidthewriterdofirstforGrandmaWang?

A.ReadpoemstoherB.CleanedherwindowC.FedherlunchD.Gaveheracard

()3.WhydidGrandmaWangsaythewriterwaskind?

A.BecausethewritersangforherB.Becausethewriterhelpedhercleantheroom

C.BecausethewriterfedherriceD.Becausethewritermadeacardforher

()4.Whatdidthewriterdointheafternoonshow?

A.SangoldsongsB.DancedC.PlayedtheguitarandsangD.Hostedtheshow

()5.Whatdidthewriterrealizefromthevolunteerwork?

A.TheelderlyneedcompanyB.Volunteeringistiring

C.GrandmaWangislonelyD.Thenursinghomeisclean

答案及解析：

1.答案：A

解析：关键词“meetatthecommunitygate”.定位第一段第一句"Wcmetatthecommunitygateat8:00a.m.”

直接匹配选项A。

2.答案：B

解析：关键词“dofirstforGrandmaWang”，定位第二段第五句"Ihelpedhercleanthewindowofherroom

first”,明确“先擦窗户”,选B。

3.答案：C

解析:定位第二段倒数两句"IfedGrandmaWangsomerice...ShesmiledandsaidIwasaskindasher

granddaughter”，可知“喂饭”是奶奶称赞善良的原因，选C。

4.答案：C

解析：关键词“afkrnoonshow”，定位第三段第二句"Iplayedtheguitarandsang'YouArcMySunshine”'，与

选项C一致，选C。

5.答案：A

解析：关键词“realize”，定位最后,段第•句"Thisvolunteerworkmademerealizethattheelderlyneednot

onlyfoodandcarebutalsocompany”，选项A是原文同义表达,选A。

<2)基础篇2；校园生活类

Passage2

Myschoolhasabigandquietlibrary.It'smyfavoriteplaceintheschool.Therearemanyrulesinthelibrary,

andweallneedtofollowthem.

First,wemustbequietinthelibraiy.Wecan'ttalkloudlyorrun.Ifweneedtoaskthelibrarianaquestion,we

shouldspeaksoftly.Second,wecanborrowupto3booksalatime.Eachbookcanbekeptfbr2weeks.Ifwecan't

finishreadingthem,wcneedtorenewthematthefrontdesk.Third,wccan'teatordrinkinthelibrary.Foodand

drinksmaymake(hebooksdirty.Fourth,weshouldpulthebooksback(oiherightplaceafterreading.Wecanask

thelibrarianforhelpifwcdon'tknowwheretoputthem.

Thelibraryisopenfrom8:00a.m.to5:00p.m.onweekdays.Onweekends,it'sonlyopeninthemorning,

from9:00a.m.to12:00a.m.Ioftengotothelibrarytoreadstorybooksafterclass.It'sagreatplacetolearnand

relax.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案：

()6.What'sthewritersfavoriteplaceintheschool?

A.TheclassroomB.ThelibraryC.TheplaygroundD.Thedininghall

()7.Howmanybookscanstudentsborrowatatime?

A.iB.2C.3D.4

()8.Howlongcanstudentskeepeachborrowedbook?

A.For1weekB.For2weeksC.For3weeksD.For4weeks

()9.Whenisthelibraryopenonweekends?

A.From8:00a.m.to5:00p.m.B.From9:00a.m.toI2:(X)a.m.

C.From8:00a.m.to12:00a.m.D.It'sclosedonweekends

()10.Whatcan'tstudentsdointhelibrary?

A.ReadstorybooksB.Askthelibrarianquestions

C.EatsnacksD.Borrowbooks

答案及解析：

6.答案：B

解析：关键词“favoriteplace”，定立第一段第二句"It'smyfhvoriteplaceintheschool“，“It”指代前文的

“library”，选B。

7.答案：C

解析:关键词“borrowatatime”,定位第二段第二句"Wecanbonowupto3booksatatime","upto3”表示

“最多3本”，选C。

8.答案：B

解析：关键词“keepeachborrowedbook”，定位第二段第三句"Eachbookcanbekeptfor2weeks”，直接匹配

选项Bt.

9.答案：B

解析：关键词“openonweekends”，定位第三段第二句"Onweekends,ifsonlyopeninthemorning,from9:00

a.in.to12:00a.m.”，选B。

10.答案:C

解析：关键词"can'tdointhelibrary”，定位第二.段第五句"Wecan'teatordrinkinthelibrary"，“catsnacks''

(吃零食)属于“cat”的范畴，选C.

(3)基础篇3：家庭故事类

Passage3

IastSundayevening,myfamilyhadabigdinnerathome.Myparents,mylittlesisterandIalltookpartinit.

Mymothercookedmanydeliciouscishes.Shemademyfavoritefish,myfather'sfavoritebraisedpork,andmy

sister'sfavoritetomatoeggsoup.

Beforedinner,myfatherhelpedsetthetable.Heputplates,bowlsandchopstickson(hetable.MysisterandI

helpedwashthevegetables.Wetalkedandlaughedwhileworking.At6:30p.m..dinnerstarted.Wea:eandtalked

happily.Myfathertoldusafunnysloryabouthischildhood.Mysistersangasongforus.Shesangverywell,and

weallclappedourhands.

Afterdinner,mysisterandIcleanedthe(able.Myfatherwashed(hedishes.Mymothersatonthesofaand

watchedTV.Wealltclthappy.Itwasawonderfulfamilydinner.1lovemyfamily.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案：

()II.Whendidthefamilyhavethebigdinner?

A.LastSaturdayeveningB.LastSundayevening

C.ThisSundayeveningD.Yesterdayevening

()12.What'sthewriter'sfavoritedish?

A.FishB.BraisedporkC.TomatoeggsoupD.Vegetables

()13.Whohelpedsetthetabicbeforedinner?

A.ThewriterB.Thewriter'smotherC.Thewriter'sfatherD.Thewriter'ssister

()14.Whattimedidthedinnerstart?

A.At6:00p.m.B.At6:30p.m.C.At7:00p.m.D.At7:30p.m.

()15.Whatdidthewriterdoafterdinner?

A.WashedthedishesB.WatchedTV

C.CleanedthetableD.Sangasong

答案及解析：

11.答案：B

解析：关键词“havethebigdinner',定位第一段第一句"LastSundayevening,myfamilyhadabigdinnerat

home”，选Bo

12.答案：A

解析：关键词“writer'sfavoritedish”，定位第一段第三句"Shemademyfavoritefish”，选A。

13.答案：C

解析：关键词“setthetablebeforedinner”，定位第二段第一句"Beforedinner,myfatherhelpedsetthelable”，

选C。

14.答案：B

解析：关键词"dinnerstarl”，定位第二段第五句“Al6:30p.m.,dinnerslarted”，选B.

15.答案：C

解析：关键词“didafterdinner,,定位第三段第一句"Afterdinner,mysisterandIcleanedthetable”，选Co

2能力培优练

提高篇(3篇)——综合题型突破，提升能力

(1)提高篇h科普说明类

Passage4

Bambooisakindofplant(hatgrowsinmanypartsoftheworld,especiallyinAsia.Ilisnotatresbutagrass,

thoughitlookslikeatree.Bamboohasmanyamazingcharacteristicsthatmakeitveryusefultohumans.

Oneofthemostsurprisingthingsaboutbambooisitsgrowthspeed.Somebamboospeciescangrowupto1

meterinasingleday!Thisismuchfasterthanmosttrees.Thereasonforthisfastgrowthisthatbamboohasa

specialrootsystem.Therootsspreadwidelyandtakeinnutrientsquickly,supportingtherapidgrowthofthestem.

Bambooisalsoverystrong.Ithasahighertensilestrengththansteel,whichmeansitcanholdheavyweight

withoutbreaking.Forthisreason,bambooisusedtobuildhouses,bridges,andevenfurniture.Insomecountries,

bambooscaffoldingisusedinconstructionbecauseitislightandeasytocarry.

Anotheradvantageofbambooisitsenvironmentalfriendliness.Itabsorbsalotofcarbondioxide(CO2)and

releasesoxygen,helpingtofightclimatechange.Unliketrees,whenbambooiscutdown,itgrowsbackquickly

fromitsroots,soitdoesnotneedtobereplanted.Additionally,bambooproductsarebiodegradable,meaningthey

canbreakdownnaturallyintheenvironmentandnotcausepollution.

Fromdailyitemslikechopsticksandtoothbrushestolargestructureslikebridges,bambooplaysanimportant

roleinourlives.Itistrulya"greengold"forhumans.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案：

()16.Whatcanweinferaboutbamboofromthefirstparagraph?

A.ItisatypeoftreeB.ItonlygrowsinAsia

C.IthasuniqueusesD.Itisrarein(heworld

()17.Whydoesbamboogrowveryfast?

A.ItgetsenoughsunlightB.Ithasaspecialrootsystem

C.ItabsorbsmuchwaterD.Itisakindofgrass

()18.Theunderlinedword"biodegradable"inParagraph4probablymeans.

A.可回收的B.可降解的C.可循环的D.可利用的

()19.Whatisthemainreasonbambooisusedinconstruction?

A.ItischeapB.Itiseasytoget

C.ItisstrongandlightD.Itgrowsquickly

()20.Whatis(hewriter'sattitudetowardsbamboo?

A.DoubtfulB.CriticalC.PraisingD.Uninterested

答案及解析：

16.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。第一段说“竹子不是树而是草”“对人类非常有用"，排除A(树)、B(仅亚洲，原文

是“许多地方”)、D(稀有，未提)；由“有用”可推断“有独特用途”，选C。

17.答案：B

解析：细节题，关键词"growveryfast”,定位第二段第三句"Thereasonfbrthisfastgrowthisthatbamboohas

aspecialrootsystem”，直接选B。

18.答案：B

解析：词义猜测题，破折号后解释“canbreakdownnaturallyintheenvironment”(能在环境中自然分解)，

推断“biodegradable”是“可降解的”,选B。

19.答案:C

解析：细节题，定位第三段“Bambooisalsoverystrong...bambooscaffoldingisusedinconstructionbecauseit

islightandeasytocarry”,核心原因是“坚固且轻便”,选C。

20.答案：C

解析：观点态度题，最后一段“trulyagreengokT(真正的绿色黄金)体现作者“赞扬”态度，选C。

(2)提高篇2：文化故事类

Passage5

EveryyearduringtheMid-AutumnFestival,Chinesefamiliesgathertogether(oeatmooncakesandadmire

thefullmoon.Butdoyouknowthestorybehindthemooncake?

Alongtimeago,intheYuanDynasty,theMongoliansruledChina.Thepeoplewereunhappywiththeharsh

ruleandwantedtofightforfreedom.However,itwasdifficult(ocommunicatesecretlybecausetheMongolian

soldierswatchedeveryoneclosely.AwisemannamedLiuBowencameupwithacleveridea.

Heaskedpeopletomakespecialcakeswithapieceofpaperinside.Thepaperhadamessage:"Gatheratnight

onthe15thdayofthe8thlunarmonthtofight.,rHethenaskedpeddlerstosellthesecakesalloverthecountry.The

Mongoliansoldiersthoughttheywerejustordinarycakesanddidnotcheckthem.OnthenightoftheMid-Autumn

Festival,thousandsofpeoplegatheredasplannedandstartedthefightagainsttheMongolians.

Afterwinningthefight,peoplecontinuedtoeatmooncakestorememberthisimportantevent.Overtime,

mooncakesbecameasymbolofunityandfamilyreunion.Today,mooncakescomeinmanyflavors,suchaslotus

seedpaste,redbeanpaste,andsaltedeggyolk.Butnomatterwhatflavortheyare,themeaningoffamily

togethernessremainsthesame.

Nexttimeyoueatamooncake,rememberthebravepeoplewhofoughtforfreedomandtheloveoffamily

behindthistraditionalfood.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案：

()21.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.TointroducetheMid-AutumnFestivalB.Toaskaquestionaboutmooncakes

C.TotellpeopletocatmooncakesD.Todescribethefullmoon

()22.Whydidpeopleusemooncakestosendmessages?

A.BecauseeveiyonelikedeatingthemB.BecauseMongoliansoldiersdidn'tcheckthem

C.BecausetheywereeasytocarryD.Becausetheywerecheaptomake

()23.Whatdoesthemooncakesymbolizetoday?

A.FreedomandbraveryB.Wisdomandcleverness

C.UnityandfamilyreunionD.Happinessandsuccess

()24.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.LiuBowenwasaMongolianleader

B.MooncakeshadmessagesinsideintheYuanDynasty

C.Peoplefoughtonthe15thdayof(he9thlunarmonth

D.Mooncakesonlyhaveoneflavornow

()25.Whatisthebesttitlefor(hepassage?

A.TheMid-AutumnFestivalB.AWiseMan—LiuBowen

C.TheHistoryofMoonCakesD.HowtoMakeMoonCakes

答案及解析：

21.答案：B

解析：段落主旨题，第一段先讲中秋吃月饼的习俗，最后用“Butdoyouknowthestorybehindthemoon

cake?”提问，目的是“提出关于月饼的问题，引出下文故事”，选

22.答案:B

解析：细节题，定位第三段“TheMongoliansoldiersthoughttheywerejustordinarycakesanddidnotcheck

them”，可知用月饼传信是因为“蒙古士兵不检查”，选B。

23.答案：C

解析：细节题，关键词"symbolizetoday”，定位第四段“Overtime,mooncakesbecameasymbolofunityand

mmilyreunion”，直接选C。

24.答案：B

解析：推理判断题，A错（刘伯温是反抗蒙占统治的汉人）；C错（战斗时间是八月十五）；D错（月饼

多种口味）；B对应第三段“makespecialcakeswithapieceofpaperinside”,正确,选B。

25.答案：C

解析：主旨大意题，全文围绕“月讲的起源故事、发展及象征意义”展开，A（中秋）、B（刘伯温）是局部

内容，D（制作方法）未提，“月饼的历史”最概括，选C。

（3）提高篇3：环保主题类

Passage6

Plasticwastehasbecomeaseriousenvironmentalproblem.Itpollutesoceans,harmswildlife,andtakes

hundredsofyearstobreakdown.Buteveryonecandosomethingtoreduceplasticwasteindailylife.Hereare

somepracticaltips:

1.Bringyourownreusableitems:Insteadofusingsingle-useplasticbags,carryaclothbagwhenshopping.

Useametalorglasswaterbottleinsieadofplasticones.Forcoffeelovers,areusablecupisagoodchoice—many

cafesevenofferdiscountsforcustomerswhobringtheirowncups.

2.Avoidplasticpackaging:Trytobuyfruitsandvegetableswithoutplasticpackaging.Forexample,choose

loosecarrotsinsteadofthoseinplasticbags.Youcanalsousebeeswaxwrapstostorefoodathome,whichare

betterthanplasticwrap.

3.Saynotoplasticsliawsandutensils;Wheneatinguul,askfurnoplasticsliavv.Ifyouneedutensils,biinga

setofmetalchopsticksoraspoon.Somerestaurantsnowprovidebambooutensils