2026新仁爱七下英语U7-12重点语法归纳+练习

GrammarSummaryandExercises一、可数名词和不可数名词可数名词不可数名词分单、复数两种形式desk→desks,没有复数形式tea,meat前面可用基数词、不定冠词修饰threeboys,anorange不可被基数词和不定冠词直接修饰，若表示数量可用"单位词+不可数名词"twocupsoftea可数名词的复数前可用many,some,any修饰manyteachers,somefriends可用much,some,any修饰somemilk,muchbread二、可数名词单数变复数的规则变化规则变化示例大多数名词在词尾加-sletter→letters,cat→cats,boy→boys,desk→desks以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-esclass→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名hobby→hobbies,city→cities,country→countries以o结尾的名词，大多数加加-s:radio→radios,zoo→zoos,photo→photos加-es:hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes部分以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v，再加-esknife→knives,half→halves顺口溜：树叶(leaf)半(half)数自己(self)黄，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮，架后(shelf)窜出一只狼(wolf)，就像盗贼(thief)逃命忙(life)。三、可数名词复数的不规则变化不规则变化示例变化元音字母构成复数foot→feet,goose→geese,tooth→teeth,man→men,woman→women单复数形式相同sheep,deer,fish（注意：fish指鱼的数量时单复数同形；指鱼的种类时复数是fishes）特殊变化child→children,mouse→mice,ox→oxen四、"某国人"变复数口诀中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面。类型示例中日不变Chinese,Japanese英法变Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen其余-s加后面Germans,Americans,Australians,Indians五、量词的用法1.只修饰可数名词复数：单词/短语意思例句many很多manycarrots很多胡萝卜toomany太多toomanythings太多事情few很少；几乎没有fewtrees没有几棵树afew少量；一些afewbagsofsalt几袋盐许多；大量anumberofstudents许多学生2.只修饰不可数名词：单词/短语意思例句much很多muchwater很多水toomuch太多toomuchsalt太多盐很少；几乎没有littlemeat几乎没有肉少量；一些alittlechicken一点鸡肉一点abitoffood一点食物3.既可以修饰可数名词复数也可以修饰不可数名词：单词/短语意思some,any一些alotof/lotsof/plentyof许多；大量大部分疑问词用法例句many修饰可数名词的复数，表示数量Howmanyapplesdoyouhave?你有多少苹果？much修饰不可数名词，表示数量；询问价格；询问重量Howmuchmilkisthereintheglass?玻璃杯里有多少牛奶？Howmuchisthisdress?这件连衣裙多少钱？⚠⚠易错点提示：•howmany后面必须接可数名词复数•howmuch后面必须接不可数名词，或单独使用询问价格•little是否定含义（几乎没有alittle是肯定含义（有一点）•many/few/afew修饰可数名词；much/little/alittle修饰不可数名词•some在否定句或一般疑问句中应变成any，但在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的问句一、单项选择()1.—milkdoweneedforthecake?—Twocups.A.HowmanyB.Howmuc()2.—isthispairofshoes?—It's50yuan.A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.WhatsizeD.Whatcolor()3.—doesaniPhone14cost?—Morethan6,000yuan.A.HowmanyB.HowlongC.How()4.Howmanydoyouhave?A.dogB.dogsC.adog()5.—Howmanybooksarethereontheshelf?—About.A.fourhundredB.fourhundredsC.fourhundredofD.fourhundredsof()6.—Howmanypeoplearethereinthehall?—About.A.threehundredB.threehundredsC.three-hundred()7.—Howmanybirdscanyouseeinthetrees?—Icanseebirdsinthem.A.hundredsofB.hundredofC.fivehundredsofD.fivehundreds()8.Howmanydidyoueatyesterday?A.fishB.vegetablesC.fruitD.yogurt()9.—Howmanyarethereonthetable?—Eighteen.A.twobarsofchocolatesB.twobarsofchocolateC.twobarofchocolates一、基数词的构成构成规则示例1-12为独立的单词one,two,three,eleven,twelve13-19以-teen结尾thirteen,fifteen(特殊),eighteen(特殊)整十数twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,ninety"几十几"要加连字符"-"forty-eight,ninety-seven"几百几十"或"几百几十几"156→onehundredandfifty-six509→fivehundredandnine四位数以上用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号3,610→threethousandsixhundredandten二、基数词的用法用法示例表示日期表示时刻4:10→tenpastfour;4:45→aquartertofive表示顺序和编号Room203,LessonOne,BusNo.12表示年代inthe1990s在20世纪90年代表示年龄20yearsold/attheageof20/inhisfifties表示倍数和次数once(一次),twice(两次),threetimes(三次及以上)三、基数词变序数词规则示例第1至第3first,second,third第4至第19，基数词+-thfourth,eleventh（特殊：fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth）整十数，基数词词尾-y变-i加-ethtwentieth,thirtieth几十几，个位变，十位不变fifty-first,sixty-sixth口诀：基变序，有规律，末尾加上-th；一二三，特殊记，结尾各是t,d,d；八加-h，九去-e，-ve要用-f替；以y结尾变-ie，后跟-th莫忘记。四、祈使句(ImperativeSentences)定义：祈使句是用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、警告等的句子。通常以动词原形开头，没有时态和数的变化。祈使句的四种类型：类型肯定结构否定结构例句be+名词/形容词动词原形+宾语/副词Standup!/Don'twatchTV!—No+名词/动名词Nosmoking!/Notalking!⚠⚠易错点提示：•祈使句没有主语，但实际上是省略了主语you•祈使句常加please，表委婉语气•祈使句的回答用will或won't•"祈使句+or+陈述句"表示"否则"；"祈使句+and+陈述句"表示"那么"同步练习-Unit8基数词、序数词与祈使句一、单项选择()21.Oursummerholidayiscoming.Twostudentsinourschoolwillgotothebeach.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof()22.Everyspring,peopleoftenplanttreestomakeourcitymorebeautiful.A.fivethousandsofB.fivethousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof()23.TherearedaysinaweekandThursdayisdayofaweek.A.seventh;fiveB.seven;fifthC.theseventh;fiveD.seven;thefifth()24.visitorscometovisitHumbleAdministrator'sGardeneveryyear.A.MillionB.MillionofC.MillionsD.Mil()25.Itisrainingoutside.Pleasetheraincoatwithyou.A.takeB.totakeC.br()26.inbed.It's()27.quiet,please.Youareinthelibrary.()28.—David,spendlesstimeoncomputergames,youwilldoworseinyourstudies.()29.Polly,crosstheroadwhentheredlightison.()30.Getupearly,youlateforschool.A.and;willbeB.or;willbeC.or;are一、方位介词at,in,on介词用法例句表示"在某地（较狭窄的场所）"athome在家,atafactory在一家工厂表示"在某地（较宽敞的场所）"inBeijing在北京,intheworld在世界上表示"在上面（有接触面）"onthewall在墙上二、方位介词above,over,below,under介词用法例句above在上方（不强调正上方）abovetheclouds在云端over在正上方overthesea在海上below在下方（不强调正下方）belowthesurfaceofthewater在水面下under在正下方underthechair在椅子下介词用法例句在旁边byme在我旁边在附近nearthehouse在房子附近四、方位介词between,among,around介词用法例句between在两者之间betweenAandB在A和B之间among在三者（以上）之中amongthetrees在树林中around环绕（四周）aroundthetable围在桌边五、方位介词infrontof,behind,opposite介词用法例句infrontof在前面/正面infrontoftheclassroom在教室前面behind在后面behindmyhouse在我家房子后面opposite在对面oppositeme在我对面六、方位介词in,into,outof,up介词用法例句在之内beintheclassroom在教室里进入ranintotheclassroom跑进教室从到外面rushoutoftheroom冲出房间向上移动climbupthetree爬上树七、其他方位介词along,across,past,through介词用法例句along沿着alongtheriver沿着河边across横穿（平面）acrosstheriver横渡过河经过pastthecityhall经过市政厅through通过（内部空间）throughthecity穿过城市⚠⚠易错点提示：•intheeastof表示在东部（内部totheeastof表示在东方（外部ontheeastof表示在东边（接壤）•above和over都表示"在上方"，但over强调正上方•below和under都表示"在下方"，但under强调正下方•between用于两者之间，among用于三者及以上一、单项选择()51.MissZhoulivesonthetopfloor,andIlivetwofloorsher.()52.WeallliketohaveabeautifulschoolmanytalltreesA.has;aroundB.with;aroundC.has;withD.with;aboveA.besideB.nextC.beh()54.Theflowersarethevasethetable.()55.ShenzhenliesthesouthofChinabutthesouthofGuangzhou.()56.ShanghaiistheeastofChina;JapanistheeastofChina.()57.Ourschoolisthepark.That'swhytheairhereisalwaysfresh.A.nexttoB.betweenC.amongD.through()58.ItiscloudytodayandIcan'tseeanythingfromtheplane.A.downB.underC.belowD.between()59.Thereisasupermarketmyhome.It'sveryconvenient.()60.Thebankisthepostoffice.A.betweenB.nearC.from一、一般过去时(TheSimplePastTense)定义：表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。二、be动词的一般过去时人称肯定式否定式疑问式Iwaswasnot(wasn't)He/She/Itwaswasnot(wasn't)Washe/she/it...?You/We/Theywerewerenot(weren't)Wereyou...?句式结构：句式结构例句肯定句主语+was/were+其他Iwaslateforschoolyesterday.否定句主语+wasn't/weren't+其他Iwasn'tlateforschoolyesterday.一般疑问句Was/Were+主语+其他?—Wereyoulateyesterday?—Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn't.三、实义动词的一般过去时规则变化：构成规则变化方式例词一般动词结尾加-edask→asked,call→called以不发音e结尾like→liked,move→moved以"元音+辅音"结尾的重读闭音节双写辅音字母，加-edstop→stopped,plan→planned以"辅音字母+y"结尾study→studied,try→tried不规则变化（常见动词）：变化类型例词过去式与原形相同give→gave,swim→swam,sing→sangride→rode,drive→drove,write→wroteo/a→eknow→knew,hold→held,get→gotbuild→built,spend→spent,send→sent特殊变化go→went,eat→ate,see→saw,come→came,make→made,take→took,have→had句式结构：句式结构例句肯定句主语+动词过去式+其他Shehelpedmewithmymathslastweek.否定句他Shedidn'thelpmewithmymathslastweek.一般疑问句他?—Didshehelpyou?—Yes,shedid./No,she四、一般过去时的时间标志词时间标志词示例yesterday或与其构成的短语yesterday,yesterdaymorning/afternoon,thedaybeforeyesterdaylastnight,lastyear,lastweekamomentago,anhourago,twodaysagoin+过去时间其他justnow（刚才）,atthattime（那时）⚠⚠易错点提示：•否定句和疑问句中did后面的动词要用原形•be动词的过去式was用于I/he/she/it，were用于you/we/they•不规则动词需要单独记忆•一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一、单项选择()71.Sallyandherfriendsthegame,buttheyplayedtheirbestandlearnedaA.watchedB.wonC.didn'twatchD.didn'twin()72.HersonA.usedtodrink;isusedtodrinkingB.usedtodrinking;drinksC.isusedtodrinking;usedtodrink()73.—TheteacherJuliejustnow.—Yes.Julie'sanswerwasright.A.ispraisingB.praisesC()74.—Wow,ourhouseissocleanandtidynow.Whocleanedit?—I.()75.—WhatdidJimdo?—Heputonhiscoatandoutofhisroom.()76.Yesterdaywebikesaroundthelake.Itwasthebestwaytothefreshair.A.ride;smellB.rode;smellingC.rode;smellD.riding;smelled()77.Theoldbridgetheheavytruckslastweek.()78.—Whatyourbrotherlastweekend?—HetookpartinarunningA.did;doB.does;doC.is;doingD.will;do()79.Thestudentsawelcomepartyforthenewfamilyintheircommunity.A.heldB.holdedC.holdsD.hol()80.—WhenyouBeijing?—In1998.A.do;movetoB.did;movetoC.did;movedto一、人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数单数单数复数人称代词主格Iyouhe/she/itthey宾格youhim/her/itthem二、物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数单数单数复数物主代词形容词性yourhis/her/itstheir名词性yourshis/hers/itstheirs注：形容词性物主代词后接名词；名词性物主代词后可接名词（=形容词性物主代词+名词）三、反身代词人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves四、常见含物主代词和反身代词的短语物主代词短语反身代词短语allone'slife某人一生changeone'smind改变主意doone'sbest尽最大努力loseone'slife失去生命loseone'sway迷路makeupone'smind下定决心onone'sown独自takeone'stemperature量体温toone'ssurprise令某人惊讶的是enjoyoneself过得愉快teachoneself自学helponeselfto随便吃/喝dressoneself自己穿衣服hurtoneself伤到自己makeoneselfathome别拘束believeinoneself相信自己lookafteroneself照顾自己一、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Thisis(I)book.Thatoneis(you).2.—Isthisbag(you)?—No,it'snot(I).3.Mysistertaught(she)Englishwhenshewasyoung.4.Weenjoyed(we)atthepartylastnight.5.Help(you)tosomefish,please.6.Thebooksare(they).Theyare(we).7.Helookedat(he)inthemi8.Ididthehomeworkby(I).二、单项选择()1.—Whosepenisthis?—It's.()2.Thegirlisoldenoughtodress.()3.—Didyouenjoyattheparty?—Yes,wedid.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.ourselvesD.ourselvesA.my;yoursB.mine;yoursC.my;yourD.mine;your一、情态动词情态动词用法例句can②表示请求、允许或建议，"可以"could①表示过去的能力②表示推测③表示委婉请求Couldyoulendmethisbook?①表示主观意愿，"必须"②表示肯定猜测，"一定"③mustn't=一定不要/禁止Imustfinishmyhomework.Youmustn'ttalkinclass.①表示请求许可，"可以"②表示推测Youmayhaveatry.Yourmothermaybewaitingforyou.主要用于否定句和疑问句中Youneedn'tsaysorrytome.—NeedIfinishmyhomework?—No,youshould"应该"，表示劝告、建议Youshouldtakeanumbrellawithyou.better"最好"，否定形式为hadbetterYouhadbetterwaitformehere.二、并列连词连词用法例句and结果Heisagoodteacher,andwealllikehim.Workhard,andyouwillgetbettergrades.Idon'twanttogothere,butMomsaidImust.Idon'thaveenoughmoney,soIwon'tbuythetoy.告Doityourselforasksomebodyelse.Workhard,oryouwillfailtheexam.forTheplanewon'ttakeofftoday,foraheavyrainisontheway.whileSomekidslikerunningwhileotherspreferreading.三、形容词变副词的规则规则形容词副词形容词+后缀-lyclear,great,loud,suddenclearly,greatly,loudly,suddenly以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为ihappy,heavy,angry,happily,heavily,angrily,luckilysimple,gentle,terriblesimply,gently,terriblysc