新人教版七年级下册英语 单元语法点梳理 (U1-U8)

新人教版七年级下册英语Unit1—Unit8|语法详解+例句+易错提示|期末复习必备一、特殊疑问句疑问词含义示例what什么Whatisyourfavoriteanimal?where在哪里Wheredopandaslive?why为什么Whydoyoulikekoalas?who谁WhoisyourEnglishteacher?whose谁的Whosebookisthis?which哪一个Whichonedoyoulike?怎样Howdoyougotoschool?句型结构：疑问词作主语时：疑问词+谓语+其他？（Wholikespandas?）疑问词作其他成分：疑问词+一般疑问句？（Whydoyoulikepandas?）二、形容词形容词用于修饰名词或代词，在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语。作定语：acutepanda（可爱的熊猫）作表语：Thecatislazy.（这只猫很懒）作宾补：Keeptheroomclean.（保持房间干净）三、名词复数（规则变化）情况方法示例一般情况desk→desks,pen→pens以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-esbus→buses,box→boxes,watch→watches辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-esbaby→babies,story→stories以o结尾有生命加-es，无生命加-spotato→potatoes,photo→photos以f/fe结尾变f/fe为v加-esknife→knives,leaf→leaves特殊复数：man→men,woman→women,child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,sheep→sheep,Chinese→Chinese一、祈使句表示命令、请求、劝告、禁止等，以动词原形开头，主语you通常省略。肯定形式：动词原形+其他。Bequiet!/Sitdown,please.否定形式：Don't+动词原形。Don'truninthehallways.Let型：Letsb.dosth.否定：Don'tletsb.dosth./Letsb.notdosth.No+名词/动名词：Nosmoking!/Nophotos!二、情态动词can,haveto,must情态动词用法例句can表示“可以”（请求许可）CanIeatinclass?—No,youcan't.haveto客观需要“不得不”，有人称/数/时态变化Shehastowearauniform./Youdon'thavetocome.must主观“必须”；否定mustn't表示“禁止”Wemustbeontime./Youmustn'tsmokehere.辨析：haveto强调客观需要；must强调主观看法。must疑问句的否定回答用needn't或don'thaveto。一、名词性物主代词人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词含义单数第一人称mine我的单数第二人称youryours你的单数第三人称his/her/itshis/hers/its他的/她的/它的复数第一人称ourours我们的复数第二人称youryours你们的复数第三人称theirtheirs他/她/它们的用法：名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，不可再跟名词。例：Thisismypen.Yoursisonthedesk.(yours=yourpen)二、频度副词表示动作发生的频率，按频率高低排列：always(100%)>usually>often>sometimes>seldom>hardly位置：实义动词之前，be动词/助动词/情态动词之后。Ioftenexercise./Sheisalwayshappy.提问：Howoftendoyouplaysports?—Twiceaweek.一、选择疑问句提出两个或以上选项供对方选择，用or连接，不能用Yes/No回答。一般疑问句+or+选项？Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?—Coffee.特殊疑问句+or+选项？Whichdoyoulike,applesorbananas?二、wouldlike的用法wouldlikesth.想要某物I'dlikesomenoodles.wouldliketodosth.想要做某事She'dliketogoshopping.wouldlikesb.todosth.想要某人做某事I'dlikeyoutohelpme.疑问句：Wouldyoulikesome...?肯定回答Yes,please.否定回答No,thanks.三、可数名词与不可数名词可数名词：有复数形式，可用a/an修饰，用howmany提问。anapple,twoapples不可数名词：无复数形式，不能用a/an，用howmuch提问。milk,water,rice,meat量词表达：acupoftea,twobowlsofrice,threepiecesofbread一、现在进行时（意义、结构、构成）意义：表示现在（说话时）正在进行的动作，或现阶段持续的动作。结构：am/is/are+动词-ing形式动词-ing构成规则：情况方法示例一般动词加-ingwork→working,play→playing以不发音e结尾去e加-inglive→living,dance→dancing重读闭音节末尾一辅音字母双写辅音加-ingstop→stopping,begin→beginning以ie结尾变ie为y加-inglie→lying,die→dying标志词：now,rightnow,atthemoment,Look!,Listen!等。一、现在进行时（用法与一般现在时的比较）对比项现在进行时一般现在时用法现在正在做；现阶段持续经常性/习惯性动作；真理标志词now,look,listen,atthemomentoften,usually,always,everyday,sometimes肯定句am/is/are+doing动词原形/三单否定句am/is/are+not+doingdon't/doesn't+动词原形疑问句Am/Is/Are+主语+doing?Do/Does+主语+动词原形?注意：表示感觉、心理状态的动词（like,love,know,want,think等）一般不用于现在进行时。例句：Heusuallygetsupat7,butnowheissleeping.Unit7ADaytoRemember一、一般过去时意义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语：yesterday,lastnight/week,...ago,justnow,in2010等。结构：含be动词：主语+was/were+其他（否定：wasn't/weren't）含实义动词：主语+动词过去式+其他（否定：didn't+动词原形）疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形？/Was/Were+主语...？规则动词过去式变化：情况方法示例一般情况加-edwork→worked以e结尾加-dlive→lived辅音+y结尾变y为i加-edstudy→studied重读闭音节一辅音结尾双写加-edstop→stopped不规则动词：go→went,do→did,have→had,see→saw,eat→ate,buy→bought,teach→taught,think→thought等。Unit8OnceuponaTime一、一般现在时与一般过去时的区别项目一般现在时一般过去时时间现在、经常、习惯、真理过去（已结束）谓语形式动词原形/三单；am/is/are动词过去式；was/were否定don't/doesn't+原形；am/is/are+notdidn't+原形；wasn't/weren't疑问Do/Does+主语+原形？标志词often,usually,everyday,sometimesyesterday,last...,...ago,in2020典型例句：Ioftengetupat7.(习惯)/Igotupat8yesterday.(过去一次)Onceuponatime,therewasanoldman.(故事开头)㐱易错提醒一般过去时疑问句中，助动词did后要用动词原形：Didyouseehim?(√)/Didyousawhim?(×)be动词的过去式was/were与实义动词过去式不能同时使用。不规则动词过去式需单独记忆，如tell→told,speak→spoke,write→wrote。囚囚语