虚拟语气教案

虚拟语气既然是“虚拟”，说明描述的这件事情未必发生或者几乎没有发生的可能性。那么对现在、过去、将来的虚拟就分别表示描述的事情在现在、过去、将来未必发生或者几乎没有可能发生。虚拟语气常见于条件状语从句、主语从句、宾语从句中。虚拟语气的句式结构（动词的变形）1.If条件状语从句中的虚拟语气时间if从句主句例句过去haddone/beenwould/could/might/should+havedoneIfIhadstudiedhard,Iwouldhavegotagoodgrade.现在did/werewould/could/might/should+doIfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.将来did/wereto/shoulddowould/could/might/should+doIfitrained,Iwouldstayathome.2.含蓄条件句①IwouldhavephonedyouifIhadbeenathomeyesterday.ButIwasoutside.→Iwouldhavephonedyou,butIwasoutside.②Bobwouldhavehelpedusifhehadnotbeenbusy.Buthewasbusythattime.→Bobwouldhavehelpedus,buthewasbusythattime.③IfIhadhadenoughtime,Iwouldhavegonetothecinemawithyou.→Withenoughtime,Iwouldhavegonetothecinemawithyou.有些假设情况并不通过if条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词或介词短语（with,without,butfor），副词（otherwise），连词（or,but,butthat）等、上下文或其它方式表现出来，这种句子为含蓄条件句。例：Withoutyourhelp，wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Ifyouhadnothelpedus,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.（对过去的虚拟）3.wish后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气当wish意为希望，后面接宾语从句表示不大可能实现的愿望或与情况相反的假设时，要用虚拟语气。时间wish后面的宾语从句例句过去haddone/beenHowIwishIhadstudiedhard!现在did/wereIwishIwereabird.将来would/could/might/should+doIwishIcouldstayathomeforever.如果是与过去事实相反的假设，表达的是与过去事实相反的愿望，即对既成事实表示遗憾或者惋惜。如果是与现在事实相反的假设，表达的是与现在事实相反的愿望，即表示现在无法实现的愿望。如果是与将来事实相反的假设，表达的是与将来事实相反的愿望，即将来难以实现的愿望。4.省略主语的条件句ifonly意为“要是就好了”，常用来引导省略主语的虚拟条件句，表示不可能实现的愿望。Ifonly+句子=HowIwish+that从句例：IfonlyIwereabird.=HowIwishthatIwereabird.（对现在的虚拟）5.wouldrather后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示宁愿让某人做某事时间wouldrather后面的宾语从句例句过去haddone/beenIwouldratherIhadtoldmywifethetruth.现在did/wereIwouldrathertheydidn’thearthenews.将来did/wereIwouldrathertheydidn’thearthenews.6.asif/though从句中的虚拟语气时间asif/though从句例句过去haddone/beenShespeaksEnglishsowell,asifshehadstudiedinAmerica.现在did/wereHelooksasifhewereanartist.将来would/could/might+doHelearnsEnglishsohard,asifhewouldgoabroad.7.should+动词原形构成的虚拟语气①在与坚持、命令、要求、建议等意义的词相关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语常用should+动词原型，且should可以省略。此类词包括：一坚持（insist）；二命令（order，command）；三要求（require，request，demand）；四建议（advise，suggest，propose，recommend）以suggest为例：Isuggestthatwe(should)takearest.（虚拟语气）Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)takearest.（虚拟语气）Itissuggestedthatwe(should)takearest.（虚拟语气）注意：suggest作“表明；暗示”，insist作“坚持说”时，不用虚拟语气。②在Itis(high/about)time(that)...句型中，that从句用should（不能省略）+do或动词过去式did/were表示虚拟。Itis(high)timethatweshouldtakeanaction.Itis(high)timethatwetookanaction.③在Itisimportant/necessary/essential/strange/apity...that...中的that从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语动词用should+动词原型，且should可以省略。8.should/oughtto+havedone构成的虚拟语气shouldhavedone表示本该做某事（而事实上没有做）shouldn’thavedone表示本不该做某事（而事实上做了）9.目的状语从句中的虚拟语气在incase