Unit 6 Crossing Cultures Section A 知识清单 新教材人教版八年级英语下册

1/11Unit6CrossingCulturesSectionAHowdifferentareourcultures？知识点一、单元词汇单词SectionA1.v.与某人握手，摇动过去式：过去分词：2.n.＆v.鞠躬3.n.碰撞，撞击形成的肿块v.碰，撞4.n.拳头5.v.摩擦，揉6.n.吻v.亲吻7.n.脸颊8.v.＆n.拥抱9.adj.尴尬的10.adj.困惑的11.adj.正式的12.n.咖喱菜13.adj.粗鲁的14.adj.罕见的，不寻常的15.n.手掌16.n.叉子17.adj.印度的，印度人的n.印度18.n.方式pl.礼仪19.adj.令人疑惑的，难以理解的20.conj.除非，如果不21.adj.恰当的22.n.手肘23.adj.分菜用的n.一份食物24.n.筷子25.adj.使人难堪的26.adj.与文化有关的，文化的短语SectionA1.握手2.碰拳头3.碰鼻子4.亲脸颊5.餐桌礼仪6.来自7.开心，快乐8.如此...以至于9.坐直10.使不碰到，使避开11.站立，站起来12.公筷13.给某人建议14.脱掉，飞机起飞15.准时16.一碗米饭17.邀请某人做某事18.文化冲击19.与不同20.举例子，例如21.下飞机22.即使，尽管23.很多，大量24.个人空间25习惯于26对...感兴趣27发现文化不同二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲SectionA【考点1】shakehands【解析】shake的用法：（1）做动词，过去式：shook过去分词：shaken现在分词：shaking①摇动，抖动，使颤动Thehouseshakeswhenatraingoespast.火车经过时，房子震动。Heshookhisheadindisbelief.他摇摇头，不相信。②颤抖，发抖，哆嗦Hewasshakingwithfear.他吓的打哆嗦。③使非常震惊Hewasshakenbythenewsofherdeath.听到她的死讯，他很震惊。（2）做名词，摇动，颤动，哆嗦Hegaveherashaketowakeher.他推了推她，她他叫醒。【考点2】bumpfists【解析】1.bump的用法：（1）做名词①碰撞（声），撞击（声）可数名词Hefelltothegroundwithabump.他砰的一声倒在地上。②肿块，隆起，凸块，可数名词Theroadisfullof

bumps.这条路满是坑坑洼洼。Shehasa

bump

onherheadfromtheaccident.她因事故头上起了个包。（2）做动词碰撞过去式：bumpedbumpinto撞到，偶然遇见InthedarkIbumpedintoachair.黑暗中，我碰到了椅子。I

bumpedinto

anoldfriendatthesupermarketyesterday.我昨天在超市偶然遇到了一位老朋友。bumpagainst撞到Thecarbumpedagainstthekerb.汽车撞到了路缘。【考点3】rubnoses【解析】rub作动词，过去式：rubbed现在分词rubbing擦，默，搓，涂抹（药膏等）She

rubbed

herhands

together

tokeepwarm.她搓手取暖。作名词，擦，抹，揉，搓Hegavehiskneeaquickrub.他很快地揉了揉膝盖。【考点4】hug【解析】作动词，拥抱过去式：hugged现在分词：huggingShe

hugged

herdaughtertightly.她紧紧地拥抱了她的女儿。作名词，拥抱

Heneededa

hug

afterthebadnews.听到那个坏消息后，他需要一个拥抱。givesb.ahug给某人拥抱【考点5】kisscheekskiss作名词，吻，轻触akissonthecheek作动词，过去式：kissed亲吻He

kissed

hiswifegoodbye.他吻别了妻子。【考点6】Isitcommontogreetothersby？【解析】common（1）作形容词，比较级morecommon最高级：mostcommon①常见的，通常的，普遍的反义词：uncommon罕见的，不寻常的"Smith"isavery

common

surnameinEngland.“史密斯”在英格兰是一个很常见的姓氏。commonsense常识It's

commonsense

tolookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet.过马路前要左右看，这是常识。②共有的，共享的，共同的Wehavea

common

interestinclassicalmusic.我们在古典音乐方面有共同的爱。作名词，有共同之处，在...方面相同常见搭配：havesthincommon(withsb./sth)（兴趣，想法等）相同，有相同特征和特点TimandIhavenothingincommon.Tim和我没有共同之处。incommonwithsb./sth与...相同Incommonwith

manyothercompanies,weofferflexibleworkinghours.和许多其他公司一样，我们提供弹性工作时间。【考点7】ButEnglishtablemannersaresoconfusingthatIamalittleworried.【解析】manner作名词①方式，方法，指做事或某事发生的方式、方法。常用单数形式常见结构：inamanner以...的方式Hegreetedeveryone

inafriendlymanner.他以友好的方式问候了每个人。②举止，行为方式，指一个人待人的态度、行为举止和风度也常用单数形式。His

manner

waspolitebutdistant.他的举止礼貌但疏远。③礼貌，礼仪。指社会认可的良好行为规范，常用复数形式：manners。Herchildrenhaveverygood

tablemanners.她的孩子们餐桌礼仪很好。【考点8】Takeoffyourshoes.【解析】takeoff①（飞机，鸟等）起飞，飞起来Wearenow

takingoff.Pleasefastenyourseatbelts.我们的飞机正在起飞，请系好安全带。②（衣服，眼镜，鞋帽等）脱下，摘下It'swarminside,soyoucan

takeoff

yourcoat.里面很暖和，你可以把外套脱了。

③takesth.off休...的假I'mgoingto

take

aweek

off

inJuly.我七月份要休假一周。Taketwodaysoff.休两天假。④扣除，去除Take10dollarsofftheprice.价格降10美元。【考点9】Stickingchopsticksintoabowofriceisveryrude.【解析】stick（1）作名词①树枝，枝条可数名词Wecollecteddrystickstostartafire.我们捡树枝生火。②手杖，拐杖可数名词walkingstick手杖，拐杖Theoldmanwalkswitha

stick.老人拄着拐杖走路。③棍状物，条状物aglue

stick

固体胶棒carrotsticks胡萝卜条（2）作动词，过去式：stuck过去分词：stuck①刺入，插入，戳指将尖锐物体刺入某物常见搭配：~sthin/into/throughsthDon't

stick

yourfingers

into

themeat!别用手戳肉！②粘贴，粘住Thegluewon't

stick

thepiecestogether.这种胶水没法把这些碎片粘在一起。③卡住，陷住，动不了Thekey

stuck

inthelock.钥匙卡在锁里了。Thebuswas

stuck

inthemud.公共汽车陷在泥里了。常见搭配：①stickout伸出，突出Don't

stick

yourhead

out

ofthecarwindow.不要把头伸出车窗外。显眼，突出Herbrightredhairmadeher

stickout

inthecrowd.她鲜红的头发使她在人群中很显眼。②sticktosth/doingsth.坚持某事，坚持作某事Onceyoumakeadecision,youshould

sticktoit.一旦做了决定，你就应该坚持下去。Toloseweight,

sticktoeating

healthyfoods.要减肥，就得坚持吃健康食品。【考点10】Peoplewerestandingonmyleftandright，eventhoughtherewasplentyofspaceonthebus.【解析】1.eventhough尽管，虽然

Eventhoughitwasraining,

wewentforawalk.2.plentyof大量的，充裕的，后加可数名词复数形式或不可数名词

Don'trush.Wehave

plentyoftime.别急。我们有充足的时间。Thelibraryhas

plentyofbooks

onthistopic.图书馆有大量关于这个主题的书籍。3.space作名词，①（可用的）空地，空间，不可数名词Thedesktakesuptoomuchspace.这桌子占了太大地方。②空隙，空当，空子，可数名词Iwillclearaspaceforyourbook.我腾出一块地放你的书。③外层空间，太空space

travel太空旅行thefirstwomaninspace第一位进入太空的女性④（数字，字母等）空格

Leavea

space

afterthecomma.逗号后面要留一个空格。作动词，使有间隔；隔开

Youshould

space

yourwordsevenlywhenyouwrite.写字时，字与字之间要均匀间隔。【考点11】ButonceIwasusedtoit，Ibecamemorecuriousandinlearningabouttheculturethere.【解析】1.be/getusedtosth./doingsth.习惯于I

amusedto

thecoldweathernow.（我现在习惯了寒冷的天气。）Ittookhimmonthsto

getusedto

livingalone.（他花了几个月时间才习惯一个人住。）2.be/getusedto与usedto的区别：短语含义用法例句usedtodo过去常常做某事（但现在不做了）to

后接动词原形I

usedtosmoke,butIquitlastyear.我过去常抽烟，但去年戒了。be/getusedto（变得）习惯于某事to

是介词，后接名词/动名词I

amusedtowakingup

earlynow.我现在习惯早起了。三单元语法聚焦一.so...that...，unless和assoonas的使用1.so...that...的用法（1）so...that..如此...以至于...,引导结果状语从句，常见的句子结构如下：结构类型例句主语+be动词+so+形容词+that+从句Theproblemis

sosimplethat

achildcansolveit.

（这个问题太简单了，连小孩都能解决。）主语+动词+so+副词+that+从句Heran

soquicklythat

hewontheraceeasily.

（他跑得如此快，以至于轻松赢得了比赛。）

主语+动词+so+many/few+复数名词+that+从句

Hemade

sofewmistakesintheexamthat

hegotthehighestscore.

（他考试中错误如此之少，以至于得了最高分。Shemadesomanymistakesthatshefailedthetest.

主语+动词+so+much/little+不可数名词+that+从句Shehas

somuchhomeworkthat

shehastostayuplate.

（她有如此多的作业，以至于不得不熬夜。）

Shehas

solittletime

thatshecan’tvisitherfriends.（她的时间如此少，不能去看朋友。）such...that...意思是：如此...以至于...so...that...与such...that...的用法区分：结构用法区别例句对比so...that...后接“形容词/副词”或“many/much/few/little+名词”Sheissocleverthatshesolvestheproblemeasily.Therearesomanystudentsthattheclassroomiscrowded.such...that...后接“a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”或“形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”Sheissuchaclevergirlthatshesolvestheproblemeasily.（a+形容词+单数名词）Theyaresuchcleverstudentsthattheypasstheexam.（形容词+复数名词）-Itissuchdeliciousfoodthateveryonelikesit.（形容词+不可数名词）unless的使用引导条件状语从句，意思是：除非（exceptif），如果不（if...not）使用时的注意事项：（1)关于时态：①主句用一般将来时/情态动词（can/will/may等），从句用一般现在时（主将从现）；Youwillfailthetest

unless

youstudyhard.（你会考试不及格的，除非你努力学习。）We

can't

startthemeeting

unless

themanager

arrives.

(除非经理到了，否则我们不能开始会议。)②主句用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时（主过从过）She

didn't

leave

unless

hermother

asked

herto.(除非她妈妈要求，否则她不会离开）(2)关于位置可置于句首或句中，句首时主句前用逗号隔开-

Unless

youhurryup,you’llmissthebus.（除非你快点，否则会错过公交车。→句首用逗号）-Iwon’thelpyouunlessyouaskpolitely.（除非你礼貌请求，否则我不会帮你。→句中无逗号）（3）与if..not的转换Youwillbesick

unless

youstopeating.=

Youwillbesick

if

youdon'tstopeating.

（你会生病的，除非你停止吃东西。/

如果你不停止吃东西，你会生病的。）Unless

youhavealicense,youcan'tdrive.=

If

you

don't

havealicense,

youcan'tdrive.

（除非你有驾照，否则你不能开车。/

如果你没有驾照，你就不能开车。assoonas的使用:引导时间状语从句：一就关于时态搭配：①主句用一般将来时/情态动词/祈使句，从句用一般现在时（主将从现）Assoonas

he

arrives,we

willstart

themeeting.（他一到，我们就开会。→

arrives

是现在时，但指未来动作）Assoonas

you

finish,

please

sendmethereport.（你一完成就请把报告发给我。）Assoonasitstopsraining，wecangoout.②主句用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时（主过从过）；She

called

me

assoonas

she

landed.（她一落地就给我打了电话。）

③主句用一般现在时（表习惯/真理），从句用一般现在时（主现从现）Mybrother

watchesTV

assoonashegetshomeeveryday.（主现从现，表习惯）

二分词形容词（ParticipialAdjectives），1.此类词语是由动词的分词形式（现在分词-ing/过去分词-ed）

转化而来的形容词。专门用来描述“事物的性质”或“人的感受”的形容词。项目构成方式语义重点修饰对象初中高频例子第一类（-ing型）由动词现在分词（v.-ing）转化表示“令人……的”，强调事物本身具有的某种性质（能引发他人某种感受）多修饰事物/事件（sth.）surprising（令人惊讶的）exciting（令人兴奋的）boring（令人无聊的）interesting（有趣的）relaxing（令人放松的）embarrassing令人尴尬的confusing令人困惑的第二类（-ed型）由动词过去分词（v.-ed）转化表示“感到……的”，强调人受到事物影响后产生的感受多修饰

人（sb.）surprised（感到惊讶的）excited（感到兴奋的）bored（感到无聊的）interested（感兴趣的）relaxed（感到放松的）embarrassed感到尴尬的confused感到困惑的初中常考分词形容词核心记忆表（直接记！）-ed型（人感到……）-ing型（事物令人……）常见搭配（初中必背）surprised（惊讶的）surprising（令人惊讶的）besurprisedat/todo/that；asurprisingresultexcited（兴奋的）exciting（令人兴奋的）beexcitedabout/at；anexcitingtripbored（无聊的）boring（令人无聊的）feelbored；beboredwith；aboringclassinterested（感兴趣的）interesting（有趣的）beinterestedin(doing)；aninterestingbookrelaxed（放松的）relaxing（令人放松的）feelrelaxed；arelaxingsong/activitytired（疲惫的）tiring（令人疲惫的）betiredof/from；atiringjourney/workamazed（惊叹的）amazing（令人惊叹的）beamazedat/todo；anamazingview/achievementconfused（困惑的）confusing（令人困惑的）beconfusedabout；aconfusingquestion/ruledisappointed（失望的）disappointing（令人失望的）bedisappointedat/in；adisappointingresultworried（担心的）worrying（令人担心的）beworriedabout；aworryingproblem/situationfrightened（害怕的）frightening（令人害怕的）befrightenedof/todo；afrighteningmovie/stormembarrassed（尴尬的）embarrassing（令人尴尬的）beembarrassedabout；anembarrassingmomentsatisfied（满意的）satisfying（令人满意的）besatisfiedwith；asatisfyinganswer/jobshocked（震惊的）shocking（令人震惊的）beshockedat/by；ashockingaccident/newsupset（难过/心烦的）upsetting（令人难过的）beupsetabout；anupsettingstory/newspleased（高兴的）pleasing（令人高兴的）bepleasedwith/todo；apleasingresult/smilethrilled（激动万分的）thrilling（令人激动的）bethrilledat/todo；athrillingadventure/movieannoyed（恼怒的）annoying（令人恼怒的）beannoyedwith/at；anannoyingnoise/behavior过关检测一.单项选择1.PeopleinChina_____whentheymeetforthefirsttime.A.bow B.kisscheeks CbumpnosesD.shakehands 2.TheplanetoChengdu____justnow.Youhavetowaituntiltomorrow.A.tookoff B.tookafter C.tookout D.tookaway3.Hownicethemusicsounds!Itdoes!Listeningtosoftmusiccanmakeyou_____.A.relaxing B.tofeelrelaxed C.feelrelaxed D.feltrelaxed4.She______walktoschooleveryday,butnowshe______abiketoclassbecauseit’sfaster.A.usedto;isusedtorideB.usedto;isusedtoridingC.isusedto;usedtorideD.usedto;usedtoriding5.Youwillnotpassthefinalexam________youstudyharderfromnowon.A.unlessB.ifC.whenD.because6.Hestudied______hard______hepassedtheEnglishexamwithfullmark.A.such;thatB.so;thatC.too;toD.enough;to7.Theaccidentteachesustocareforourselvesandthepeoplearoundus.Soitis.______,lifeisthemostimportanttoeveryone.A.ForexampleB.AtlastC.Afterall D.Suchas8.Youshould______yourdreamsandnevergiveup,nomatterhowdifficultitis.A.sticktoB.stickingtoC.stickinD.stickout9.Ican’tunderstandthismathproblematall.It’sso______!Meneither.Ifeel______becauseI’vespent30minutesonitbutgotnothingA.confusing;confusedB.confused;confusingC.confuse;confusionD.confusion;confuse10.

I’mgoingonavacationtotheseasidewithmyfamily.Wow,thebeachismyfavorite!______andhavearelaxingtime!A.EnjoyyourselfB.ItisawfulC.MypleasureD.Givemeahug二单词填空1.The______（文化的）differencesbetweensocietiescanleadtomisunderstandings.2.Weshoulduseap____(正确的，恰当的）waytosolvethismathproblem,orwe'llwastealotoftime.3.Itisu________（罕见的，不寻常的）toseesuchararebirdinthecity;mostofthemliveindeepforests.4.It'snecessarytolearngoodtable______（礼仪）beforeattendingtheformaldinnerparty.5.She______(拥抱)hermothertightlywhenshesawherafteralongtime.6.PeopleinChinausuallyuse______（筷子）toeatriceandnoodles.7.Weneedtowear______(正式的)clothestotheschoolopeningceremony8.It’sp______(有礼貌的)tosay"thankyou"and"please"whencommunicatingwithothers9.Manytouristslove______(印度的)culture,especiallythetraditionalfestivals.10.InWesternrestaurants,peopleoftenuseaknifeanda______(叉子)toeatmaincourseslikesteakorchicken.三.完形填空WhenyouareinvitedtoaWesternrestaurant,therearesomeimportantrulesyoushould1..First,youshouldarriveontime.Beinglateisconsidered2inWesterncountries.3.____youcannotarriveontime,youshouldcalltherestaurantoryourhosttoexplain.Whenyousitdown,placeyournapkin(餐巾)onyourlap(大腿）.ThisisthebestwaytouseanapkininWesterndining.Neveruseittowipeyourface

4.

blowyournoseInWesternrestaurants,peopleuse5.______andforkstoeat.Thebasicruleis:holdtheknifeinyourrighthandandtheforkinyourlefthand.Whenyoufinisheating,placeyourknifeandforktogetherontheplate.Duringthemeal,it'simportantto6._____yourmouthclosedwhenyouchew(咀嚼)food.Also,don'tmakeanynoisewhenyoudrinksoup.Ifyouwanttogetsomefoodthatisfaraway,7._____askotherstopassittoyouinsteadofreachingacrossthetable.Whenyouareatthetable,don'tputyourelbowsonthetable.Thisisnotconsideredgoodmanners.Finally,whenyoufinisheating,youshouldthankthehost8.______thedeliciousmeal.InmanyWesterncountries,it's9.______toleaveasmalltip(小费)forthewaiterorwaitresstoshowyourthanksfortheirservice.Followingthesesimpleruleswillhelpyou10.______likeapoliteguestinanyWesterndiningsituation.A.refuseB.receiveC.bumpD.followA.impoliteB.politeC.importantD.formalA.IfB.UnlessC.BecauseD.WhileA.andB.orC.butD.soA.chopsticksB.spoonsC.platesD.knivesA.keepB.makeC.findD.beatA.everB.alwaysC.neverD.sometimesA.ofB.forC.withD.aboutA.commonB.believableC.comfortableD.able10.A.behaveB.workC.eatD.talk阅读理解ADinnercustomsaredifferentaroundtheworld.IfyouareaguestinGhana(加纳),thisinformationwillhelpyoualot.InGhana,dinnerisusuallyfromfourintheafternoontosixintheevening.Buttherearenostrictrulesabouttime.Wheneveraguestarrives,afamilyoffersfood.Whenyougotoahome,thepersonwhoreceivesgueststakesyoutothelivingroomfirst.Atthistimeeveryonewelcomesyou.Thenyougotothediningroom.Thereyouwashyourhandsinabowlofwater.Allthefoodisonthetable.InGhanayouusuallyeatwithyourfingers.Youeatfromthesamedishaseveryoneelse.Butyoueatfromonesideofthedishonly.Itisnotpolitetogetfoodfromtheothersideofthedish.Afterdinner,youwashyourhandsagaininabowlofwater.MostmealsinGhanahaveadishcalledfufu.PeopleinGhanamakefufufromthepowder(粉末)ofsomeplants.Sometimestheycutthefufuwithasaw(锯子)becauseitisveryhard.Youmustchewfufuwell,oryoumaygetsick.Youeatfufuwiththefingersofyourrighthandonly.1.WhatmustaguestdobeforeeatinginaGhanaianhome?A.TakeoffshoesB.WashhandsinabowlofwaterC.SitinthelivingroomforanhourD.Drinkacupoftea2.IfyouareadinnerguestinGhana,thehostalwaystakesyouto______.A.thediningroomfirst B.thelivingroomfirstC.thekitchenfirst D.thegardenfirst3.HowdopeopleinGhanausuallyeattheirmeals?A.WithknivesandforksB.WithspoonsC.WiththeirfingersD.Withchopsticks4.Whatcanweinferfromthefactthatpeoplecutfufuwithasaw?

A.Fufuisveryhardtocut.

B.PeopleinGhanadon'thaveknives.

C.AsawisacommoneatingtoolinGhana.

D.Fufuismadefromwood.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTpoliteinGhanaiandinnercustoms?A.EatingfufuwiththerighthandB.GettingfoodfromonesideofthedishC.WashinghandsafterdinnerD.GettingfoodfromtheothersideofthedishBWhenIwasabouttwelveyearsold,agirlinmyclasslikedtopointoutmyshortcomings(缺点）.ShesaidIwasverythin;Iwasn'tgoodatmath;Italkedtoomuch;Iwastooproud,andsoon.Atlast,Ibecameveryangry.Irantomyfatherwithtearsinmyeyes.Helistenedtomequietly,andthenasked,“Arethosethingstrueornot?Jane,didn'tyoueverthinkaboutwhatyou'rereallylike?”Thenheadded,“Well,youhavethatgirl'sopinions.Makealistofeverythingshesaidandmarkthepointsthataretrue.”Ididashetoldme.Tomygreatsurprise,Ifoundoutthatabouthalfofthethingsweretrue.Forsomeofthem,Icouldn'tchange,likebeingverythin,butformanyIcould,andsuddenlyIwantedtochange.ForthefirsttimeIgotaclearpictureofmyself.IbroughtthelistbacktoDaddy,andhesaid,“Nowyouknowbetter