2026年高考英语终极冲刺：大题预测02 阅读理解说明文+语法填空（全国适用）（原卷版）

PAGE4/20大题预测02阅读理解说明文+语法填空（时间：40分钟满分：60分）一、阅读理解（30分）A（2026·浙江宁波市·二模）Theoceanmayappearboundless.It’seasytoimaginethatfishandotheroceancreaturesswimfreelywithoutrestriction.Thatassumption,however,ismistaken.AccordingtoecologistKarissaLear,manyoceanspeciessticktospecifichabitatsandseldomgobeyondthem.Thishabitcancauseunexpectedlybigproblems,especiallywhenhuman-builtstructuresgetintheway.Take,forexample,thegreensawfishlivingnearthemouthoftheAshburtonRiverinWesternAustralia.In2017,alargestructurewasbuiltbytheshore,stretchingabout550yardsintothesea.AsLearhadfeared,theconstructiondidharmthecriticallyendangeredgreensawfish—theywereunabletopassaroundthebarrier.ToLear,thisdiscoverysupportedasurprisingnewideathatoceananimals,muchlikelandspecies,needahelpinghandgettingaroundhuman-builtstructures.Onland,wildlifecrossingsarebecomingmorecommon.Greenbridges,forinstance,helpbearsandelkavoidaroadinCanada’sBanffNationalPark.In2022,awildlifecrossinginWashingtonStatewasusedmorethan5,000timesbyanimalssuchasdeerandcoyotes.Althoughthebridgesarealreadypopularonland,Learsayslittleattentionhasbeenpaidtotheideaofwildlifecrossingsdesignedtohelpoceananimalsgetaroundsafely.Foroceananimals,toomanybarrierscancutthemofffromimportantfeedingsites.Overlylimitedmovementcanleadtothedevelopmentofisolatedgroupsthataremorelikelytogoextinct.WithmorelargestructuresplannedfortheAshburtonRiverarea,Learsaysthecumulative(累积的)effectofmultiplebarriersisarealconcernforthegreensawfish’sfuture.Astheclimatecontinuestochange,payingattentiontotheneedsofoceananimalsisimportant.Manyaremovingfarthernorth,andtheyneedsuitablehabitatstomovethrough.Toaddressthis,wecancreatecrossingsthroughhuman-builtstructuresorprotecthabitatsalongtheirmigrationroutes.Aswecontinuetoengineertheocean,sucheffortscouldgoalongwaytowardprotectingoceanlife.1．Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A．Bydetailingresearchfindings. B．Bydescribinganaturalscene.C．Byaddressingpublicconcerns. D．Bychallengingacommonbelief.2．WhateffectdidthestructureneartheAshburtonRiverhave?A．Itprovidedanewhabitatforoceanlife.B．Itblockedthepathofthegreensawfish.C．Itattractedmorenewspeciestothearea.D．Itdrovethegreensawfishintodeepwaters.3．WhatdoesLearimplyaboutwildlifecrossings?A．Theyhavereducedroadaccidentsonland.B．Theywillreplaceoceanbarrierseventually.C．Theyhavedestroyedlandanimals’habitats.D．Theyareurgentlyneededforoceananimals.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WildlifeCrossings:FromLandtoSea B．WhenOceanLifeIsinDangerC．TheSawfishThatLostTheirWayHome D．OceanStructures:NoHarmDoneB（2026·浙江绍兴·二模）Whenspringarrives,keepingwarmbecomeslessofanissue.However,scientistsremindusitisnotjustaseasonalnecessity—heatisalsoavaluableenergyresourcethatcanbestored.ResearchersatKaunasUniversityofTechnology(KTU)havediscoveredaninnovativesolutionbeneathourfeet:usingsoilasanefficientthermalenergy(热能)storagesystem.KTUprofessorDrTadasŽdankusandhisteamhavebeeninvestigatinghowthegroundcanserveasamediumforheatstorage.Atthecoreoftheirresearchisaground-basedheataccumulatorthatwouldstoreleftenergyundergroundandmakeitavailablewhendemandpeaks.Initially,theteamexploredhowtousewindenergytoproduceheatviaahydraulicsystem(液压系统).Theyfoundthatso-calledhydrauliclosses,typicallyseenasinefficiencies,wereactuallygeneratingusableheat.However,partofheatwaslostbeforereachingbuildings.Thequestionbecamehowtonotonlydecreaseheatlossbutalsostoreit.Totestthisidea,theresearchersconductedexperimentsusinganartificialheatsourceplacedinsurfacesoillayers.Theymeasuredhowheatspreadsandpersistsintheground.Inonetest,whenthesoilwasheatedtotheboilingpoint,itcausedaphasechange(相变),inwhichliquidwaterbecomesvapor.“Phasechangecanbeanefficientway.Wenoticedasharptemperaturerisewhereverthevapourflowreached.Thismeanstheenergyismovingandcanbecontrolled.”saysProf.Ždankus.Oncethepossibilityofundergroundheatstoragewasconfirmed,researchersbeganexploringitspracticalapplications.Theydevelopedapilotmodelgroundenergycelltostudyhowheatspreadthroughsoil.Theyear-longmeasurementsrevealedthesoilbeneathbuildingscouldpassivelystoreheat,makinguseofthenaturaldownwardflowofheatfrombuildingsintotheground.Toputtheseground-basedstoragesystemsintowidespreaduse,researchersarenowdevelopingscaled-downpilotmodelsandrefiningheatdistributioncontrolmethods.“Ourimmediategoalistointegrateexistingsolutionsintoasystemthatcanbenefitbothindustryandresidentialsectors.”Ždankusconcludes.5．WhatisthemaingoaloftheKTUresearchproject?A．Toreducewinterheatingcosts. B．Tocapturethermalenergyfromsoil.C．Tostoreundergroundheatforlateruse. D．Topromotehydraulicsystemefficiency.6．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3-4?A．Phasechangemakesheatcontrolpossible. B．Hydrauliclossescanbeavoidedbyheattransfer.C．Vapourflowcontributestobigtemperaturedrops. D．Heatproductionposesagreatchallengetoexperts.7．Whatareresearchersdoingforthepracticaluseofthesystems?A．Buildinglarge-scaleindustrialheatingsystems. B．Developingtestmodelswithimprovedcontrol.C．Applyingthetechnologytoresidentialsectors. D．Reducingtheenergyconsumptionofbuildings.8．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A．FromWindtoWarmth:anUnexpectedPathB．FutureSystem:UnitingIndustryandHomeHeatingC．ANewDiscovery:TurningHydraulicLossintoGainD．TheGroundBeneath:ANewFrontierinHeatStorageC（2026·江苏省苏北七市（徐、连、淮、宿、通、扬、泰）·二模）AuroraNikula,5,ishavinganormaldayathernursery.Sheismakingacakeoutofsandandmud,addinginmake-believecarrots,potatoesandmeat.AkiSinkkonen,ascientist,iswatching.He’salsoveryinterestedinAurora’scake,butfordifferentreasons.“Perfect,”hesays,admiringthewaysheismixingsoil,sandandleavesandthenputtingitonherface.“She’sreallygettingherhandsinit.”Toahygiene-conscious(注重卫生的)kindergarten,thiscouldbeaproblem,butatHumpuladaycarecentreinHelsinki,childrenareencouragedtoincreasetheircontactwiththemicroscopic(显微的)biodiversity.Thiskindergartenwasincludedinatwo-yearstudylookingathowbiodiversityenhancementsaffectthemicrobialcompositionofchildren’sskinandsaliva.Thestaffdugupandinstalledagiantlivecarpetofforestfloor.Theplants,deadwoodandsoilinthedaycarecentrewerespeciallyselectedfortheirrichmicro-biodiversity.Childrengrowcarrots,potatoesandcucumbers,harvestingandcookingwhattheyplant.Whenwinterapproaches,thecropsfade—buttheoutdooradventuresdonot.Ayearlater,itfoundthatchildrenwhowereincontactwithnaturehadalowerprobabilityofcatchinganillnessresultingfromdisordersintheimmunesystem.Theresultssupportthe“oldfriends”hypothesis(假设)thathumansevolvedalongsidemicrobesinair,plantsandsoil.Thebodycanexchangeusefulmicrobeswiththenaturalworldtostayhealthy.Withoutcontactwiththeseorganisms—throughsoil,plants,andair—immunefunctioncanbecomeoveractive,leadingtodisease.Thekindergartensprovideevidenceofjusthowcrucialhealthyecosystemsaretohumanhealth.Asbiodiversity,habitatsandwildspeciesarelostaroundtheplanet,thereishugepotentialharmforhumanwellbeing.Increasingonsitebiodiversitycanbeawin-winforchildren’shealthandtheenvironment.Basedonthat,theUniversityofSheffieldhasdoneresearchoninstallinggreenbarriersaroundschoolplaygroundstopreventairpollutionfromharmingchildren’shealth.Hunter’sBarinfantschoolinSheffieldcreateda70-metre-longfenceofplantsthatwrapsaroundtheplayground.Nitrogendioxide(NO2)concentrationsintheplaygroundwerereducedby13%sixmonthsafterplanting,andfurtherdecreasesareexpectedasthefencematures.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A．Guidedhands-onpractice. B．Kids’exposuretodirtandmud.C．Delicioushomemadefoodforkids. D．Thediversityofspeciesinnurseries.10．WhatdidthestaffatHumpuladaycarecentredo?A．Rewildtheirkindergarten. B．Growaforestinthebackyard.C．Expandforesteducationamongkids. D．Introducekidstosustainablefarming.11．Whydoesnaturecontactreducepeople’schanceofgettingsick?A．Itupliftstheirmood. B．Itenhancesco-evolution.C．Itremovesharmfulmicrobes. D．Itbalancestheirimmunesystem.12．WhydoestheauthormentiontheSheffieldstudy?A．Toadvocateforgreenschools.B．Togivedirectionforfurtherresearch.C．Topromotehealthygrowthinschoolchildren.D．Toshowanapplicationoftheresearchfinding.二、语法填空（30分）A（2026·陕西西安中学·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AtthenortherntipoftheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion,13ChinameetsRussia,MongoliaandKazakhstan,liesAltayprefecture(阿勒泰地区),aregion14(bless)withdramaticlandscapesandrichculture.15(rough)thesizeofCuba,itstretchesfromsnowymountaintopsover4,000metershightolowlandsjust246metersabovesealevel.Ashortcoachtripcantakeyoufromglacierstodesert,evenpastherdsofwildanimals.Duringmyrecenttrip,Icouldn’ttakemyeyesofftheview.Asthecoach16(wind)throughvalleys,silverpeaksshoneinthedistancewhilethegreenofbirchforestsfilledtheforeground.ItlookedliketheAlps,17thiswasn’tEurope.Ablueriverrushedbesideus,matchingourspeed,itspowerremindingmehowrarelyIfeelnature’sstrengthinthecity.Acrossthehillsstandyurts(圆顶帐篷)ofKazakhherders,theiranimals18

(wander)freely.Thenightbefore,Iexperiencedthroatsingingforthefirsttime—asoundthatseemedvery19(fascinate).Aswedescended,thegreengrasslandsslowlygavewaytobrightyellowdesert.The20(vast)feltlikesteppingintoafantasygame,exceptthatthiswasreal.Whentheotherpassengersawoke,unawareofwhattheyhadmissed,Isatamazed,lost21wordstodescribethesceneIhadjustwitnessed.IfonlyI22(bring)mycamerawithme!B（2026·四川成都市·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Aheadofthismonth’sspringtimefestivalofBasant,peoplecrammedshouldertoshoulderintothestreetsinLahore’sOldCity,lookingforkitesandthestring23(need)toflythem.ThisisnotthescenethatshoppershererememberfromBasantinthepast.ThekitefestivalwaslegallyheldthismonthinLahoreforthefirsttimesince2007,24aprovincialbanonBasanttookeffect.Basant’sreturnforthreedaysine