河南省八市高三上学期第二次测评（11月）英语试题

第Ⅰ卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A Manyoftheworld’smostpeoplewereoncesuccessfulfailures.Herearethestoriesofafewofthem. AbrahamLincoln() AbrahamLincolnwasoneofAmerica’sgreatestleaders,takingthecountrythroughtheCivilWar(from1860to1865).However,hislifewasnevereasy.Hestartednumerousbusinessesthatfailed,hewentbankrupttwice,andwasdefeatedin26campaignsforpublicoffice.Helatersaid,“Mygreatconcernisnotwhetheryouhavefailed,butwhetheryouarecontentwithyourfailure.” VincentVanGogh() VanGoghisoneofthemostfamousandinfluentialpaintersinthehistoryofWesternArt.He’srenownedforpaintingssuchasTheStarryNight.ThepotatoEatersandSunflowers.However,duringhislifetime,VanGoghsoldonlyonepaintingforaverysmallamountofmoney.Despitethis,hecarriedonpainting,somethingevengoingwithoutfoodsohecouldpletehiscollectionofover800knownworks. AlbertEinstein() AlbertEinsteinwontheNoblePrizeinPhysicsin1921.However,hewasn’talwaysconsidereda“genius”.Hedidn’tspeakuntilhewasfour,andcouldn’treaduntilhewasseven.Histeachersandparentsthoughtheasslow,sohewasexpelledfromschoolandcouldn’tgetintotheZurichPolytechnicSchool.Helaterfamouslysaid,“Successisfailureinprogress.” StephenKing(born1947) StephenKingisoneofthebestsellingauthorsofalltime,buthisfirstbook,Carrie,wasrejectedbyabout30publishers.Eventually,Stephenthrewitinthebin,buthiswifefisheditoutandencouragedhimtoresubmitit,whichhedid…successfullythistime!21.WhichstatementistrueaboutAbrahamLincoln? A.HeledtheAmericanWarofIndependence B.Heneversucceededinhisbusiness C.Hewasfullofcourageandperseverance D.HeisthegreatestpresidentoftheUnitedStates22.Whobecamefamousallovertheworldafterhisdeath? A.AlbertEinstein B.VincentVanGogh C.AlbertEinstein D.StephenKing23.WhatwasthemostlikelyreasonforAlbertEinstein’sdroppingoutofschool? A.Hewastooslowtolearn B.Hecouldn’tspeakorread C.Histeacherthoughthewasstupid D.Hedidn’tobeytheschoolrules24.Whatdothesepeoplehaveinmon? A.TheyareallAmericans B.Theyareknownfortheirwritings C.Theywereborninthesamecentury D.TheyallsufferedfailurebeforetheysucceededB Theworld’spopulationisprojectedtoreach11billionbytheendofthecentury. Feedingthatmanypeoplewillbeachallenge,anditisfurtherplicatedbytheimpactofclimatechangeonagriculture.Thatiswhysomepeopleadvocateanunusualwaytoboostthefoodsupplyandfeedpeoplesustainablybyeatinglessmeatandmoreinsects. About2billionpeoplealreadyeatbugs.Mexicansenjoychillytoastedgrasshoppers.ThaistuckintocricketstirfriesandGhanaianssnackontermites.InsectsareslowlycreepingontoWesternmenusasnoveltyitems,butmostpeopleremainsqucamish(拘谨). Yettherearethreereasonswhyeatinginsectsmakessense. First,theyarehealthierthanmeat.Therearenearly2000kindsofedibleinsects,manyofthempackedwithprotein,calcium,fiber,ironandzinc.Asmallservingofgrasshopperscancontainaboutthesameamountofproteinasasimilarsizedservingofbeef,buthasfarlessfatandfarfewercalories. Second,raisinginsectsischeap,orfree.Littletechnologyorinvestmentisneededtoproducethem.Harvestinginsectscouldprovidelivelihoodstosomeoftheworld’spoorestpeople. Finally,insectsareafarmoresustainablesourceoffoodthanlivestock.Livestockproductionaccountsfornearlyafifthofallgreenhousegasemissions,that’smorethantransport.Bycontrast,insectsproducerelativelyfewgreenhousegasesandraisingthemrequiresmuchlesslandandwater.Andtheyeatalmostanything. Despiteallthis,mostWesternersfindinsectshardtoswallow. Onesolutionistouseproteinextractedfrombugsinotherproductssuchasreadymealsandpastasauces.Nothavingtolookatthebugsandemphasizingtheenvironmentalbenefitsmightmaketheideaofeatinginsectsabitmorepalatable.25.Whatisthedirectreasonwhysomepeopleadvocateeatinginsects? A.Insufficientfoodsupply B.Climatechange C.Therapidincreaseofpopulation D.Insects’highnutrition26.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat. A.eatinginsectsishealthierthaneatingbeef B.eatinginsectsispopularamongwesterners C.eatinginsectscanhelppeopleloseweight D.eatinginsectscauseslessdamagetotheenvironment27.Howcanwemakeitmoreacceptabletoeatinsects? A.Byclosingyoureyeswheneatinginsects B.Byeatinginsectstogetherwithotherfood C.Byputtinginsects’nutrientsintootherfoodproducts D.ByconsideringtheenvironmentalbenefitsofeatinginsectsC DaniellaWridewasbrushingherdaughter’slongbrownhairwhenshenoticedthatwitheachstroke,clumpsofitwereingout.ThatwasJanuary1,2017,Within20days,sevenyearoldGianessaWride’shairandeyebrowswerepletelygone,andherdermatologistsaidtheywouldnevergrowback.Gianessahadbeeoneofthe6.8millionAmericanswithalopecia,anautoimmunediseasethatcauseshairloss. Alopeciaisn’tpainful,butforkidswhosufferfromit,theagonyesfromstandingoutfromthecrowd.Forthemostpart,thestudentsinGianessa’sfirstgradeclassinSalem,Utah,wereunderstanding.Buttheoccasionaltaunt(嘲弄)of“Baldy”madeherfeellikeanoutcast.“Ididnotwanthertonotfeelbeautiful,”hermothertoldToday. Thentheschoolannouncedits“CrazyHairDay”petitioninApril,andDaniellaandGianessadecidedthatratherthanhidingGianessa’sbaldnessunderscarvesorawig(假发),theywouldcelebrateit.Daniellaboughtscrapbookstickerjewelsanddecoratedherdaughter’sheadwithfloraldesignsandevenanowl.“Theyjustfitherpersonality,”DaniellatoldCNN.“She’ssolively.” Onthemorningofthepetition,Gianessawasnervous.Wouldherfriendsthinkitwasfunnyorfreaky?Shehadnothingtofear.BedazzledGianessawasahitandthewinnerofthecrazyhairpetition.Gianessaisnowgladshedaredtogobare.“IwassadatfirstwhenIlostallmyhair,”shetoldpeople,“butnowIlovebeingbald.Icandothingstomyheadthatotherkidscan’t.I’mthinkingnowitmightbefuntodecoratemyheadwithsomesparklybutterfliesandflowers.”28.WhydidGianessabeebald? A.Becauseshewantedtobedifferent B.Becauseshehadallherhaircut C.Becausehermotherbedherhairtoooften D.Becauseshesufferedfromakindofdisease29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“agony”inParagraphTwo? A.Worry B.Delight C.Pain D.Pride30.HowdoesGianessafeelaboutherbaldnessafterthe“GrazyHairDay”? A.Optimistic B.Upset C.Indifferent D.Worried31.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage? A.Gianessa’shairwasgone B.Beingbaldisbeautiful C.Crazyhairday D.AnincurablediseaseD I’dhavetosaythattheschemestoreducestaffabsenceandincreasepunctuality(准时)havebeenabigsuccess.We’veseenthatstaffattendancelevelshaveincreasedfrom88%to93%,andlevelsofpunctualityhaveincreasedfrom79%to91%,whichisfantastic.Andthenumberofdaysthatstaffhavetakenoffforsicknesshasdroppedfromanaverageofninedaysperyeartojustfive.Therehasalsobeenageneralincreaseinmotivationatwork,andwe’veseenoutputincreasebyatleast16%sincethistimelastyear. So,whathavewebeendoingtoimprovethings?Well,forastart,we’vebeenintroducingaschemesothatemployeesgetbonusesifpanyproductiontargetsandsalesfiguresaremet.Andifthingscarryonastheyare,allemployeeswillhavereceivedabonusbytheendofnextmonth.We’vealsointroducedasystemwherebyemployeesandmanagementsetpersonaltargets.Then,theindividualemployeereceivesabonusifthesetargetsaremet.Andtohelpwithpunctuality,we’veinstalledanewsystemthatrecordsexactlywhattimepeoplearegettinginandleavingtheoffice.Thishashelpedimprovepunctualityratessubstantially. Anotherinitiativehasbeentheinstallationofagamesroomforemployeestouseduringmidmorningandlunchbreaks.We’vefoundthatit’sagreatwaytomotivatestaff,givingthemtimetorelax.Aspartofthis,we’veboughtapingpongtable,abasketballhoopandadartsboard.Andbynextweek,thetwotablefootballtablesthatweorderedlastmonthwillhavearrived.Sinceopeningthegamesroom,staffhavebeenusingitconstantly,especiallythebedsthatweboughttoallowstafftohaveashortnapduringtheday.Alongsimilarlines,we’vealsoorganizedanumberofteambuildingexcursions.32.WhydoestheauthorlistsomefiguresinParagraphOne? A.Toprovetheplansworkwell B.Toshowemployeestobemorepunctual C.Topresenttheproductiongrowsobviously D.Toprovetheincreaseofworkers’attendance33.Whathavetheydonetohelpwithpunctuality? A.They’vesetpersonaltargets B.They’veweakeneddemandsonemployees C.They’veintroducedaschemetogiveemployeesbonuses D.They’verecordedworkers’ingandleavingbyanewsystem34.Whathasbeenmostpopularinthegamesroom? A.Apingpongtable B.Adartsboard C.Abasketballhoop D.Anapbed35.Asreaders,whomaybenefitmostfromthisarticle? A.Students B.Managers C.Teachers D.Farmers第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Meettheplantmessiah(救世主) Carlosisonamissiontosavetheplants.36HereistheconversationbetweenCarlosandajournalist. Whatstartedyourloveofplants? IgrewupinnorthwestSpain,inaregioncalledAsturias.Thisisanincrediblybiodiverseplace,withthelargestpatchofprimitiveforestinEurope,pluspopulationsofwolvesandbears!37Within30km,Icouldgofromalush,greenworldtoaplaceoftotaldestruction.Iwasfascinatedbythiscontrastfromanearlyage. 38 Ididn’thaveanyformalqualificationsingardening,butImanagedtosecureaninternshipintheTropicalNursery.IenrolledonthethreeyearKewDiplomain2003,andoverfewyearsIbegantoearnareputationforsavingendangeredtropicalplants. Howdoyouactuallygoaboutsavingaplantfromextinction? 39Thehardpartisoftenthegovernment.Onceyou’vefoundaplantthat’sendangered,youneedtoconvincethecountry’sgovernmenttoletyoueandtakeacutting,andthenyouhavetogettheplantsafelybacktotheUKsothatthesciencecanbegin. What’snextonyourlistofplantspeciestosave? There’sthispalmonMauritiusthat’sknownas‘theloneliesttreeontheplanet’.Thespecieswasoncewidespread,butthere’snowonlyoneleftintheentireworld.40A.HowdidyouendupworkingatKew?B.What’sbeentheproudestmomentofyourcareersofar?C.Buteconomically,plantsaremoreimportanttousthanmostanimals.D.ButitwasalsobeingoneofthemostindustrializedareasinSpain.E.Wehaven’tbeenabletogrowitatKewsofar,butI’mconfidentwecandoit.F.Sometimessavingaplantisaseasyastakingacuttingfromit,orcollectingsomefruits.G.FromhisbaseatKewGardens,hetravelstheworldtorescuetropicalspeciesfromextinction.第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选取可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Ioftenthoughtthatpolitenesswasoutoffashion.VeryrarelyhaveImetso41apersoninsuchabusyandnoisy42.Lately,Iwouldhavetochangemy43. Notlongago,whenIwenttoacoffeeplacewithtwoofmygrownup44,I45suchahumanbeingfacetoface.Theplacewasfullof46asusualandwehadtoclimbsteep(陡峭)stairsinordertofindanemptytable.47enjoyingcoffeeandsnacks,wewentdownthe48stairs,wheretherewashardlyanyspaceforanotherpersontoeitherclimbuporedown. JustasIwasinthe49ofthestairs,agentleman50themainentranceofthecaféwhichwasrightinfrontofthestaircase.IwassureIwouldbe51roughlybythismangoingup.IkeptingdownasfastasIcould.Mydaughterswerealreadydown.Theylookedupatme52,hopingIwouldreachthembeforethestrangerstartedwalkingupthestairs. Nearlyreachingthem,Inoticedthemanstillstandingnearthedoor.I53mydaughtersandpassedthestrangerattheentrancedoorwhichhekeptholdingopen.Ilookedbackthinkinghewasstillatthedoor,54whethertogoinorfindanotherless55place.Isawhimgoingupthestairs,twostepsatatime.Itoldmydaughtersaboutitandallthreeofusfelt56thatwedidnoteven57thepolitegentlemanwhowasactuallyholdingthedooropenforus58topassthroughbeforegoingup. Suchwellmanneredpeopleare59tofindthesedays,whenpushingisvery60inouradvancedbutaggressivesociety.Weapplaudedforhisgentlemanspirit.41.A.impolite B.polite C.helpful D.selfless42.A.society B.street C.market D.restaurant43.A.position B.impression C.feeling D.opinion44.A.neighbors B.friends C.daughters D.nieces45.A.cameacross B.wentthrough C.gotacross D.passedby46.A.customers B.guests C.strangers D.children47.A.When B.As C.Before D.After48.A.smooth B.narrow C.wide D.solid49.A.beginning B.middle C.end D.front50.A.left B.passed C.entered D.arrived51.A.interrupted B.stopped C.pushed D.pulled52.A.excitedly B.worriedly C.delightedly D.disappointedly53.A.approached B.deserted C.walked D.signaled54.A.doubting B.whispering C.expecting D.deciding55.A.awkward B.quiet C.crowded D.interesting56.A.glad B.angry C.nervous D.bad57.A.greet B.appreciate C.praise D.thank58.A.ladies B.strangers C.friends D.daughters59.A.easy B.hard C.likely D.impossible60.A.normal B.usual C.mon D.ordinary第II卷第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 ASouthKoreanbiomedicalstartupcalledYbrainhasdevelopedaheadbandthattheyclaimwillofferrelieffromthesymptomsof61(depress).Thedevice,calledMindd,works62(use)atechniquecalledtranscranialdirectcurrentstimulation(tDCS).Here,alowvoltageelectricalcurrent63(apply)tospecificareasinthebrainviaelectrodes(电极)placedontheskull. tDCSisnotnewthebasic64(principle)havebeenunderstoodsincetheearly19thcentury.Butthepastdecadeorsohasseenincreasedinterestinitsuseintreatingneurologicalandpsychiatricconditions,anda2016metaanalysisofhundredsofstudiesconcludedthatit’s“possiblyorprobablyeffective”65atreatmentfordepression. tDCSequipmentcanstimulateparticularbrainregionseither‘anodally’(increasingneuronalactivity)66‘cathodally’(decreasingneuronalactivity).TheMinddheadsetappliesanodalstimulationviaelectrodesintheheadbandtothefrontallobe,anarea67decreasedactivityisassociatedwithdepressivedisorders.MinddisnotintendedasaDIYsolution:patientswoulduseitin66ownhomes,andalldataregardingtreatmentwouldbesentautomaticallytotheirdoctor. Theheadbandis69(current)undergoingclinicaltrialsatHarvardMedicalSchool,andat12hospitalsinSouthKorea.Earlyresultsaresaidtobe70(promise),andifallgoeswell,Ybrainhopestomarketthedevicetohealthprovidersby2019.第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。DearPeter, It’safairlylongtimesinceyouleaveourschool.Imissyouverymuch.Iseverythinggoingwell? ThebookyouremendedmeisverybenefittomyEnglishstudies.IthasabundantreadingmaterialswhatIneedmost,greatlybroadenmyhorizon.NowIhavebeemoreinterestinginEnglish.Beside,sinceIcanexpressmyselfmuchbetterthanever,I’vebeenmadesomenewforeignfriends. Thankstomykindnessandconsideration,I’vemaderapidprogressesinEnglish.I’mlookingforwardtomoreadvicefromyou!Yours,LiHua第二节书面表达（共1小题，满分25分） 假定你是学生会主席李华。最近，一批来自澳大利亚的高中生将来你校访问。请你写一篇英语发言稿，介绍为他们安排的活动。内容包括： 1.参观校园； 2.观看介绍学校的短片； 3.体验中国的传统节日—重阳节（theDoubleNinthFestival）注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearFriends, Weletoourschool.