人教版八年级下册英语各单元重点短语、句型及语法

人教版八年级下册英语各单元重点短语、句型及语法同学们，八年级下册的英语学习是承上启下的关键阶段。为了帮助大家更好地掌握各单元核心知识，提升语言运用能力，下面我将对各单元的重点短语、核心句型及语法要点进行系统梳理。希望这份梳理能成为你们学习路上的得力助手，记得结合课本例句和练习进行巩固哦！Unit1What'sthematter?重点短语haveacold/fever/headache/stomachache/toothache感冒/发烧/头痛/胃痛/牙痛haveasorethroat/back/neck喉咙痛/背痛/脖子痛liedownandrest躺下休息drinksomehotteawithhoney喝些加蜂蜜的热茶seeadentist看牙医takeone'stemperature量体温putsomemedicineon...在……上敷药feelveryhot感到很热soundlike听起来像allweekend整个周末inthesameway以同样的方式falldown摔倒gotoadoctor去看医生getoff下车toone'ssurprise令某人惊讶的是thanksto多亏；由于intime及时thinkabout考虑haveaheartproblem有心脏病rightaway立刻；马上getintotrouble陷入麻烦beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事takerisks(takearisk)冒险runout(of)用尽；耗尽cutoff切除getoutof离开；从……出来makeadecision做决定giveup放弃核心句型1.What'sthematter(withyou)?/What'swrong(withyou)?你怎么了？Ihaveaheadache./Mystomachfeelsterrible.2.ShouldItakemytemperature?我应该量体温吗？Yes,youshould./No,youshouldn't.4.Hehurthimselfplayingsoccer.他踢足球时伤到了自己。5.It'simportanttoknowhowtoaskforhelp.知道如何寻求帮助很重要。语法聚焦1.情态动词should/shouldn't：表示建议或义务。Youshoulddrinkmorewater.Youshouldn'teattoomuchjunkfood.2.反身代词：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves。HetaughthimselfEnglish.Weenjoyedourselvesattheparty.3.动词不定式作主语：Itis+adj.+(forsb.)+todosth.ItiseasytolearnEnglishwell.Unit2I'llhelptocleanupthecityparks.重点短语cleanup打扫（或清除）干净cheerup（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来giveout分发；散发putoff推迟signup(forsth.)报名参加（某事）handout分发callup打电话给（某人）；征召usedto曾经……；过去……carefor照顾；非常喜欢tryout参加……选拔；试用fixup修理；装饰giveaway赠送；捐赠takeafter（外貌或行为）像setup建立；设立makeadifference影响；有作用forexample比如；例如partofspeech词性disabledpeople残疾人makeitpossibleforsb.todosth.使得某人做某事成为可能after-schoolreadingprogram课外阅读项目attheageof在……岁时cleansth.up把某物打扫干净helpsb.out帮助某人解决困难stopdoingsth.停止做某事becauseof因为bebusywithsth.忙于某事astrongfeelingofsatisfaction一种强烈的满足感thelookofjoy快乐的表情atthesametime同时plantodosth.计划做某事核心句型1.I'dliketohelphomelesspeople.我想帮助无家可归的人。2.Youcouldhelpcleanupthecityparks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。3.We'regoingtosetupafoodbanktohelphungrypeople.我们打算建立一个食物银行来帮助饥饿的人。4.Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.他们给我讲过去的故事以及事情过去是怎样的。5.Luckymakesabigdifferencetomylife.“幸运”对我的生活产生了很大影响。6.Iwasexcitedtoseehowmuchshelovedit.看到她那么喜欢它，我很兴奋。语法聚焦1.情态动词could/can/may/might：表示请求许可或提出建议。Couldyoupleasehelpme?Youcancallmeatanytime.2.动词不定式作宾语补足语：动词+sb.+todosth.(有些动词不定式符号to可省略，如let,make,see,hear等)3.短语动词：由动词和介词或副词构成，具有特定含义。lookafter(照顾),geton(上车),turnoff(关掉)Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?重点短语dochores做家务takeouttherubbish倒垃圾foldtheclothes叠衣服sweepthefloor扫地makethebed铺床cleanthelivingroom打扫客厅noproblem没问题throwdown扔下sitdown坐下allthetime频繁；反复assoonas一……就……insurprise惊讶地hangout闲逛passsb.sth.把某物递给某人borrowsth.fromsb.向某人借某物（借入）lendsth.tosb.把某物借给某人（借出）getsth.wet使某物弄湿hatetodosth.讨厌做某事dothedishes洗餐具takecareof照顾；处理makesb.dosth.使某人做某事thinkof想起；认为helpoutwithsth.帮忙做某事dependon依靠；信赖developchildren'sindependence培养孩子的独立性lookafteroneself照顾自己doone'spartin(doing)sth.尽自己的职责做某事theearlier...thebetter...越早……越好……核心句型1.Couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?你能倒一下垃圾吗？Yes,sure./Sorry,Ican't.Ihavetodomyhomeworkfirst.Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.Ineedtoworkonitnow.4.TheminuteIsatdowninfrontoftheTV,mymomcameover.我一坐到电视机前，我妈妈就过来了。5.Shewon'tbehappyifsheseesthismess.如果她看到这么乱会不高兴的。语法聚焦1.情态动词could的用法：表示请求（比can更委婉）：Couldyouhelpme?表示许可（口语中常用can代替）：CouldIgonow?Yes,youcan.2.make/let/have等使役动词：+sb.+dosth.(不带to的不定式作宾补)Mymommakesmecleanmyroomeveryday.Let'sgoshopping.3.连词引导的状语从句：assoonas引导的时间状语从句（主将从现）：IwillcallyouassoonasIarrive.Unit4Whydon'tyoutalktoyourparents?重点短语havefreetime有空闲时间allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事hangoutwithsb.和某人闲逛after-schoolclasses课外活动课getintoafightwithsb.与某人吵架/打架callsb.up打电话给某人surprisesb.令某人惊讶lookthrough快速查看；浏览beangrywithsb.生某人的气abigdeal重要的事workout成功地发展；解决getonwith和睦相处；关系良好fightalot经常吵架/打架cloudn.云v.使难以理解；使蒙上阴影refusetodosth.拒绝做某事offertodosth.主动提出做某事sothat以便；为了mindsb.doingsth.介意某人做某事allthetime一直；总是infuture今后makesb.angry使某人生气worryabout担心copyone'shomework抄某人的作业beoneself做自己familymembers家庭成员spendtimealone独自消磨时光givesb.pressure给某人施加压力haveafightwithsb.与某人吵架freetimeactivities业余活动getbettergrades取得更好的成绩giveone'sopinion提出某人的观点learnexamskills学习应试技巧practicesports体育训练causestress造成压力cutout删除；删去核心句型1.Whydon'tyoutalktoyourparents?你为什么不和你父母谈谈呢？Maybeyoushouldtalktohimaboutyourfeelings.2.What'swrong?/What'sthematter?怎么了？Myparentsdon'tallowmetohangoutwithmyfriends.3.Ifoundmysisterlookingthroughmythingsyesterday.昨天我发现我妹妹在翻我的东西。4.Althoughshe'swrong,it'snotabigdeal.虽然她错了，但没什么大不了的。5.Heshouldtalktohisfriendsothathecansayhe'ssorry.他应该和他朋友谈谈，以便他能道歉。6.However,thetiredchildrendon'tgethomeuntilafter7:00p.m.然而，疲惫的孩子们直到晚上七点后才到家。7.It'stimeforhomework.到做家庭作业的时间了。语法聚焦1.情态动词should/could/can/may/might表示建议：Youshouldsaysorrytohim.Whynotgoshopping?Howaboutgoingforawalk?2.连词although/though/eventhough,but：引导让步状语从句，though/although不能与but同时使用。3.until/sothat/because引导的状语从句：IstudyhardsothatIcangetgoodgrades.(sothat以便，为了)Ididn'tgotoschoolbecauseIwasill.(because因为)重点短语makesure确信；确认fallasleep进入梦乡；睡着diedown逐渐变弱；逐渐消失wakeup醒来inamess凌乱不堪；乱七八糟breakapart使分离；使分裂intimesofdifficulty在困难时期takephotos拍照playthepiano弹钢琴turnon打开listentotheradio听收音机havefun玩得开心blackoutn.停电pickup（=pickupthephone）接电话falldown倒塌havealook看一看aswell也getto=arrivein/at到达becauseof因为lookfor寻找theplaceoftheaccident事故发生地theWorldTradeCenter世贸中心（美国）takedown删除；记下atfirst首先；最初walkhome步行回家核心句型Iwasreadingabookinmyroom.2.WhileLindawassleeping,JennywashelpingMarywithherhomework.琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。4.Icalledatsevenandyoudidn'tpickup.我七点打电话给你，你没接。5.Withnolightoutside,itfeltlikemidnight.外面没有灯光，感觉就像午夜一样。6.Morerecently,mostAmericansrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwastakendownbyterrorists.更近一些，大多数美国人还记得当纽约世贸中心被恐怖分子摧毁时他们正在做什么。语法聚焦1.过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。构成：主语+was/were+V-ingIwaswatchingTVat8o'clocklastnight.TheywereplayingsoccerwhenIsawthem.2.when与while的用法：when引导的时间状语从句可表示一个时间点或一段时间，从句中可用一般过去时或过去进行时。WhenIarrived,hewascooking.(我到的时候，他正在做饭。)WhenIwasyoung,Ioftenswamintheriver.(我小的时候，经常在河里游泳。)while引导的时间状语从句通常表示一段时间，从句中常用过去进行时。Whilehewascooking,Iwasreading.(他做饭的时候，我在看书。)WhileIwasinLondon,Ivisitedmanymuseums.(我在伦敦期间，参观了很多博物馆。)主从句动作同时发生，强调对比时，while连接两个进行时态的句子。WhileTomwaslisteningtomusic,Jimwasdoinghishomework.重点短语workon从事；忙于assoonas一……就……onceuponatime从前continuetodosth.继续做某事make72changes做出72种变化o...变成beableto能；会takeaway拿走alittlebit有点儿；稍微insteadof代替；反而giveup放弃keepdoingsth.坚持做某事assoonas一……就……puton穿上atothertimes在另外一些时候benewtosb.对某人来说陌生allovertheworld全世界forthefirsttime第一次Jo