词汇清单21 人际关系和社会交往原卷版-2026年高考英语二轮复习

词汇清单21人际关系和社会交往

必备知识梳理

Q必识核心句型

名词apologyn.道歉;谢罪argumentn.争论，辩论

communicationn.交际，交流greeting〃.问候：致意

harmonyn.融洽，和睦relationshipn.关系

congratulation11.祝贺，庆贺conversationn.对话

exchange〃.交换；交流expressn.快车，特快专递

expressionn.表达；词句；表示；表情relativen.亲戚

conflictn.冲突envyn.妒忌；羡慕

brotherhoodn.兄弟关系叩proval〃.赞许：同意

acquaintancen.交情；熟人dilemman.困境

dignity//.尊严；庄严feedbackn.反馈意见

engagementn.约会；婚约empathy〃.同感，共鸣，同情

complimentn.恭维；称赞

动词apologize近.道歉；谢罪argue"争辩，争论

communicatev.交流；传达（感情、信息等）complainv.抱怨；投诉

greetW.问候；向...致敬misunderstandv.误会，误解

persuadevL说服,劝说quarrelv.争吵

trusiw.相信，信任，信赖congratulateW.祝贺

consultv.请教；商量cooperatev.合作

exchange交换；交流expressW.表达；表示

forgive原谅，宽恕compromisev.妥协

embarrassv.使尴尬envyvt.妒忌；羡慕

maintainv.保持，维持negotiateW.&泣谈判；商定，达成（协议）

approveW.赞成；批准，通过（计划、要求等）adorev.崇拜；敬仰

condemnM谴责；宣判correspond而.符合，相一致；相当；（与人）

通信

hangout闲逛，厮混beinharmonywith…与和谐相处/协调

breakup分手；解散；结束showrespectfor尊重

makeup和解beconcernedfor/about对...田心/关心

seesboff给某人送行lookdownupon/on轻视，看不起

carefor关心，照顾；喜欢getalong/onwith与...相处；进展

associatewith与某人交往keepcompanywith和……结交

putyourselfinsb'sshoes处于某人的境地，设身处地losetrackof不了解……的情况，不了

解……的动态

形容词副sociala3.社会的，社交的grateful〃力•.感激的，感谢的

词harmonious和谐的modestM•.谦虚的

straightforward〃力•.坦诚的：简单的optimistic就.乐观的

pessimislicM'.悲观的sociableM’.好交际的；友善的

interpersonal〃祝人际的；人与人之间的friendlyadj.友好的)

shyadj.害羞的outgoingadj.外向的)

kind-heartedadj.心地善良的selfishadj.自私的

closeadj.亲密的distantadj.疏远的

formaladj.正式的politeadj.有礼貌的

rudeadj.粗鲁的helpfuladj.乐于助人的

dishonestadj.不诚实的considerateadj.体贴的

comfortableadj.舒适的awkwardadj.尴尬的

nervousadj.紧张的relaxedadj.放松的

anxiousadj.焦虑的cooperative(合作的)

competitive竞争的supportive(支持的)

f02对点训练.

12巩固提升

一.单句语法填空

1.Whetheryou'reafitnesscoachcrabeginner,makingexercisepartofyourdailylifeis(definite)

beneficialtoyourhealth.

2.Lilywasshockedwhensheheardofthe(horror)newsaboutherfriend.

3.Thebest(judge)ofhowacityshouldbeandhowitshoulddeveloparcthelocalresidents

themselves.

4.Therestaurantmanager(apology)tousforthelongwaitandofferedafreedesserttoeachtable.

5.Nowadays,somepeoplearcseeminglyaddictedto(chat)toAI.

6.Acommitteewasestablished(olimitdamagetotheEgyptianbuildingsandpreventthe(lose)of

culturalrelics.

7.Heknewhewasinthewrongandwantedto(apology)forwhathehaddone.

8.She(suffer)defeatbefoie,soshewasconfidentandpositivewlienshewasfacedwiththebig

challengeoflosingtwoimportantplayers.

9.Lioncecreatedapaper-cuttingartworkbasedonanoilpaintingcreatedbyaveryfamousartist.Theoilpainter

wasdeeplyimpressedbythecompletedpaper-cuttingartwork,sayingthatLi'sartworkwasbetterthanhis

（origin）painting.

10.Theyarclikelyto（response）positivelytoyourrequestforhelp.

11.Theythoughthis（behave）wasabnormal.

12.Noonecouldbe（generous）thanhim;hehasaheartofgold.

13.Ifailedlliclesl,bulIfelleven（awkwiird）wlicnni>IcauhcrHiedlocomforlme.

14.Insports,a（fail）isnottheend,butachancetolearnandimprove.

15.Now,（hisremarkableparkhasearnedinternational（recognize）.

16.Daysago,theresearchteam（seek）tocollectDNAfromancientplantfossilstostudyclimate.

17.Theirdaughter's（die）hadtaughthimhumility.

18.Simplyput,yourbody'shealthisa（reflect）ofyourmenialhealth.

19.Eatingfreshfruitsandvegetableseverydayishighly（benefit）toourphysicalandmentalhealth.

20.Hewasdeeplyaffectedbythenewsofher（dead）,buryinghisheadinhisarmsandsobbing（哭

泣）.

二.完成句子

1.Thisnaughtyboycan'tbesoluckyasto（逃脱...的惩罚）byhisfatherevery

time.

2.When（评判这个研究项目时）,theyencounteredmanydifficultieswithdata.

3.Therealizationhitmelikeaphysicalblow;（他提交的是自己的原创作

品）.

4.,Iyelledthatmycarwasonfire.（我吓坏了，确信车子马上就要爆炸）.

5.Somewerefoundalive,thoughtheywere（受到...的折磨）terribleinjuries,butothers

hadalreadystoppedbreathingwhentheywerediscovered.

6.GiventhatYuan'shybridsmadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldhaveretiredtoalifeofleisure.

However,thisis（远非如此）.

7.Shewascompletely（不知所措，困惑）whenshewaslostin（hestreet.

8.Whenarelationshipisthe_______（陷于困境，濒临崩溃）,peoplec（相关的）mayfeelata

whattodo.

9.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthe（ourpackage,please（与我们联系）ihis

emailaddress.

10.Shakespeare'sMacbeth（《麦克门》）（揭示了可怕的现实）ofambitiousdesireforpower.

11.Itmayraintomorrow,butwearegoingtohaveapicnicinthepark（不管怎样）.

12.（社交媒体是一把双刃剑）一itcanconnectuswithfriendsandfamily,butitcanalsobea

sourceofnegativity.

13.Ifthisfriendshipisnotworthyofbeingsaved,howabout（放弃，摒弃）itand

movingon?

14.Weneedto（消除）ourdifferencesbeforeweworktogethereffectively.

15.Thefamilyonholiday____________________________________________（正享受的陪伴jtheseabirds

andthesoundofthewaves.

16.Ifyoubecomesostressedthatyoucan'tfunctionproperly,youshould（寻求专业帮助）.

17.（LL我感到安慰的是）,asIexpressedmyuoncenibyhisbed,inyicaiiiiiktlcluldmeihallieUuslcd

me.

18.Afinalpointtoconsideristhatwhilestudyingabroad（确实有潜在的好处）,youngpeoplewho

studyinChinaalsohaveagreatfutureto_lookforwardto!

19.Somepeoplealwaystalkloudlyinpublic,（这真的很烦人）.（用定语从句）

20.Afterscoringthewinninggoalinthesoccergame,Jamesrantohisteammates（眼睛闪着光，脸上）羊

溢着喜悦）.（用于读后续写神态描写）

21.Thisalonehelpsmakeourthoughtsclearerandbringsus___________________________________ofour

problems.（更全面的了解）

22.Mr.Smithson,aleaderwithyearsofexperienceinthefield,（将负责管理这家公司）next

month.

B2鬲刺突破

Passage1

阅读理解

【冲突与和解】

（2025-2026学年海南中学高三上学期第四次月考英语试题）

Autumnleavesmaybebeautifulontrees,buttheybecomeannoyingoncetheycovertheground.Although

regularraking（耙）keepsyouryardclean,itoftenupsetsyouwhenirostleavescomefromaneighbor'stree.

Thispresentsacommonproblem:whatshouldyoudowhenyourneighbor'streelittersyouryard?Somepeople

havegatheredtheseleavesandputthepilebackontotheneighbor'syard,callingitareturntothe"rightfulowner.”

AvideoofsuchanactcausedheateddebateonTikTok.

Supportersbelieveitisthetree'sownerwhoshouldtakeresponsibilityfbrtheleaves.4tHehasNOtrees.He's

justreturningwhatbelongstohisncighbor.^^

However,manypeopleviewtheactionasdownrightrude."WelcometoEarth,wheretreesareallaroundthe

neighborhood,nonecommentread.Anotherpersonadded,44Ifhewentthroughthetroubleofgatheringthem,then

dumping（1顷f到）overthefenceiscompletelyinconsiderateandunacceptable.''

MannersexpertJodiRRSmithpointsoutthathavingneighborsmeanssharingboththegoodandbadsidesof

nearbytrees."Leavesthatfallonyourlandareyourdutytohandle,justasyoucanenjoythetree'sshadein

summer/'shenoted,"thesameideaappliestofhiitfrombranchesoveryouryard.”

Instead,shesuggestshavingafriendlytalkwiththeneighbor.Theymaynotevenbeawareoftheissueandonce

theyfindtheproblem,theymightoffertohelpwithcleanupcosts.Or,ifyou'reOKwithsometemporaryyard

mess,youdon'tevenneedtorakeyourleavesinthefirstplace.TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculturesays

thatleavesonthegroundcancreateanidealhabitatforanimalslikelizards,insects,andfrogs.

Eitherway,itisusuallybesttokeepyouryardtidyandcleanuptheleaves—nomatterwherefrom.

1.Whatmightbethereasonforsomepeopletoputtheleavesback:otheirneighbors?

A.Tokeeptheirownyardclean.

B.Tohelptheneighborrakethelitters.

C.Tomakesomecyc-catchingTikTokvideos.

D.Toremindthetree'sownertoberesponsible.

2.Whatdoestheunderlineword“downright”inparagraph4mean?

A.Hardly.B.Slightly.C.Properly.D.Totally.

3.Wha（doesJodiRRSmithrecommend?

A.Buildafencewall.

B.Takefruitfromthetree.

C.Speaktotheneighbor.

D.Dumptheleavesback.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ArcYouResponsiblefbrYourNeighbor'sLeaves?

B.HandlingNeighborIssueswithKindness

C.ShouldYouMakeaVideoofYourLeafProblem?

D.LettingLeavesLie:AnEco-FricndlyChoice

Passage2

【合作与交流】

（2025・2026学年对北付秦R岛市山海关第一i—上学期12JJ月考英语试卷）

Imagineyou'reamanagerwhoneedstogiveunder-perfbrmingemployeesproductiveandrespectful

feedbackandknowstheyarcdealingwithsonicpersonalissuesthathavebeenimpactingtheirwork.Howwould

youtalkiotheminanempatheticbuthonestway?AnewstudybyresearchersattheStanfordAcceleratorfor

Learningexploreshowvirtualrealitycanhelpmanagersdevelopempatheticcommunicationskills.

Inthestudy,theparticipantsactedasamanagerinVRandengagedinaperformancereviewwithavirtual

pre-recordedemployee.Theywereaskedtogivecriticalfeedbacktothevirtualemployeeastheirvoiceandbody

movementswererecorded.

Eachparticipantcompletedthreestudyconditions.Inthefirstcondition,theyhadtheconversationtwiceina

row,toseeifhavingachancetopracticewouldinfluencetheirapproach.Inthesecondcondition,theparticipant

switchedplacesafterthefirstconversation,viewingthescenefromtheperspectiveoftheemployee.Theyreceived

thecommunication(bothverbalandbodylanguage)exactlyastheyhadrecordeditasthemanager,before

repeatingitfromtheperspectiveofthemanageragain.Inthethirdcondition,theparticipantreceivedfeedbackon

theirapproachtotheconversationwhilereviewingtheirinteraction.

Theresearcherscollecteddataonmeasuresrelatedtoempatheticcommunicationskills,andfoundthatusing

VRtopracticeandrepeattheconversationincreasedtheparticipants'expressionofunderstandingfbrthe

employee'ssituationandtheexpressionofemotions.Theyusedmorefirst-personpronouns"I"and“we"and

wordsthatexpressemotions.TheresearcherssaidthissuggestsVRisapromisingwaytogivelargenumbersof

managersareal-lifelearningexperiencethathelpsthemdeveloptheseessentialskills.

Thestudyhascrucialimplicationsfbrhowtotrainmanagersmoreeffectively."Havingtheopportunityto

reviewone'sownperformanceandreceivefeedbackactuallychangedhowpeoplespeakwithinaten-minute

intervention,“saidAnnaQueiroz,leadauthorofthestudy.4tImagineifwedidthatinamorestructuredwayand

measuredthelong-termresults?''

5.HowdoesparagraphIintroducethetopicofthetext?

A.Byraisingaquestiononvirtue.

B.Byquotingacollegeprofessor.

C.Bysharingapersonallifestory.

D.Bydescribinganimaginaryscene.

6.Whatdidtheparticipantsdointhefirsttwoconditions?

A.Theyskippedtheconversationsession.

B.Theyintentionallyactedastheemployee.

C.Theyengagedintheinteractionasamanager.

D.Theyreceivedfeedbackfromactingcelebrities.

7.Inwhataspectdid(heparticipantsactingasmanagerschange?

A.Theirlanguagestyle.

B.Theirmemoryability.

C.Theirreadingskills.

D.Theircareergoals.

8.WhatdoesAnnaQueirozwanttohighlightbyraisingthequestion?

A.Theimplicationofempathy.

B.ThesignificanceofVR(raining.

C.Advantagesoffeedbackonperformance.

D.Hugedemandsforwell-trainedmanagers.

Passage3

阅读理解七选五

【社会关系】

（（2U25-2026学年山东德州巾岛.下学期英语•模试题）

Inatimewhencelebrities,socialmediainfluencers,andfamouspersonalitiesseemliketheyarejustaclick

away,it'seasytounderstandhowemotionalbondswithpublicfigureshavebecomemorepersonalandcomplex

thanever.9

Thetermwascoinedin1956whentelevisionsbecamewidelyavailable,andTVviewersbegantodevelop

thesenseoffalseclosenesswiththecharactersonthescreen.Theparasocialrelationshipsareone-sided

relationshipsinwhichapersondevelopsastrongsenseofconnectionorfamiliaritywithsomeonetheydon'tknow,

mostoftencelebritiesormediapersonalities.10Theyexperienceabondthatlacksreciprocity（互惠）.

Thereisnofirmconclusionregardingwhypeopledevelopparasocialrelationships.11Whenso

muchofourtimeisspentonlineorwatchingTVormovies,we'renaturallylikelytorecognizethefaceswe

repeatedlyseeanddevelopwarmfeelingsfor（hem.

Anotherpossiblecauseisloneliness.Someresearchsuggeststhatthelonelieranindividualfeels,themore

likelytheyaretoengageinparasocialrelationships,seekingaconnectioninsomeform,ifnotinreallife.12

Someresearchershavefoundthathighlysocialindividualswhoaremorelikelytoformfriendshipsand

relationshipsinreallifearealsomorelikelytoformparasocialrelationships.

Thereisalsothebeliefthatparasocialrelationshipscansimplybelessdemandingandmorefunthanreal-life

relalionships.13Plusthesubjectsofparasocialrelationshipsaretypicallytalented,beautiful,orfunny.

Originallybelievedtobeunhealthyduetotheirone-sidednature,theseparasocialrelationshipsarctypically

harmlessand,infact,quitecommon.

A.Otherresearchcontradictstheidea.

B.Theycontributetoreal-liferelationships.

C.Theseareknownasparasocialrelationships.

D.Parasocialrelationshipscancertainlyhavebenefits.

E.Butoneisthatthehumanbraindevelopedtobesocial.

F.Theserelationshipsexistonlyinthemindoftheindividual.

G.Therearcnoconflictsormaintenancethatneedtobeattendedto.

完形填空

（2026届湖北省武汉市高三元月调考英语试卷）

Elliehadsignedupfbranembroidery（刺绣）classandresolvedtomakea]forhergrandmother,

butherexcitement2whenshesawtheremainingscatnexttoPerfectPaula.Paulawassuchaknow-it-all

whileEllieoftenorganisedfunactivitiestomakehercolleagueslaugh.Ellieconstantlyfelt3besidePaula.

However,sooneverything4.Answeringacall,Pauladashedoffintears.Worried,Elliefollowed

Paulaonlytofindher5inhecoiner.Elliecomfortedandhuggedher.

“Whyareyoubeingsonicetome?Youcan'tstandme,“Paulaasked."That'snottrue,^^Ellieprotested,4tyou

just6mebecauseyou'resoperfect."Paulalaughedthroughtears,,,Oh,Ellie.IwishIweremorelikeyou,

a(n)7girl."Paulathenconfessed(坦白)her8andinsecurities.Shehadgrownupindifferent

fosterhomes(寄养家庭)，alwaystryingto9bybeingperfect.

Tdidn'thaveahappytimeuntilIwasplacedwithMary,mylastadoptivemom.11()hereverything.

Nowshehasbrokenherleg,butIcan'tleavemyworkbehindtotendtoher,“Paulaadded.Elliesuddenlyrealized

everyonecarrieshidden11.ElliepromisedtohelpPaulawithherworkduringherabsencewhilePaula

encouragedEllietopreparefortheinterviewpresentation,whichoncescaredEllie,togetpromoted.

UltimatelyEllie12herembroideredmemorybookforGran'sseventiethbirthday.Thebackpages

weren'tneat,withloosehangingthreads—muchlikeherown13.Butshehadlearnedsomethingprecious:

eachofusis14.anditisthroughloveand15thatwehelponeanothershine.

1.A.scarfB.giftC.handbagD.case

2.A.fadedB.streamedC.aroseD.hid

3.A.competentB.dependentC.optimisticD.inadequate

4.A.arrivedB.happenedC.transformedD.emerged

5.A.slippingB.sobbingC.murmuringD.calling

6.A.shameB.testC.stimulateD.alert

7.A.politeB.pleasantC.smartD.ambitious

8.A.mistakesB.sensesC.circumstancesD.fears

9.A.takeoffB.fitinC.keepupD.goon

10.A.returnB.offerC.oweD.show

11.A.messagesB.potentialsC.arrangementsD.struggles

12.A.purchasedB.completedC.submittedD.decorated

13.A.imperfectionsB.characteristicsC.preferencesD.prejudices

14.A.equalB.uniqueC.rareD.identical

15.A.passionB.perseveranceC.drcamD.kindness

Passage5

(2025-2026学年山东省青岛市部分学校高三上学期1月期末调研英语试题)

Youmightbeleavingsomehappinessonthetablebydoingyourevei-ydayactivitiesallbyycurself.Anew

studyhasfoundthatalmostanyactivitybecomesmore16whendonewithothers.The17of

anotherpersonmakeslife'sroutinesalittlebrighter.

Drawingondatafromover40,(X)0Americans,thestudyshowedthatparticipantsconsistentlyviewed

experiences18socialactivitiesasmorepleasant.Generally,theeffectwas19.holdingtrue

acrossdatacollectedoverseveralyears(2010,2012,2013,and2()21).Theonlyexceptioncamein2021,when

doingfood-relatedchoreswithothersappearedto20moods.

Unsurprisingly,inthisrespect,thebiggestboostswerelinkedtoactivities21bynature.Yeteven

individualhobbiessuchasreadingsawanincreaseinhappinesswhen22.Epley,abehavioralscientistin

Chicago,observed,"Thiscontinuestoshowhowsurprisinglypositivesocial23is.^^

Thelesson,researcherssuggest,istobe24.Scheduletimewithothers.Evendailyroutinescan

become25.Catchupwithafriendonthephone—socialcontactdoesn'talwaysneedtobeface-to-face;

phonecallsalso26.Orsharearidehome.AsEpleyputsit:"Havingagoodlifeisabout27

positiveexperiencestogetheruntilitbecomesahabit.”

Inshort,happinessmaynot28whatwedo,butwhowedoitwith—a29thatour

instinct(本能)forconnectionremainsourmostreliablesourceof_30.

16.A.easyB.enjoyableC.efficientD.educational

17.A.adviceB.praiseC.companyD.help

18.A.shapingB.involvingC.improvingD.impacting

19.A.universalB.immediateC.directD.predictable

20.A.reflectB.liftC.hideD.dampen

21.A.creativeB.colorfulC.socialD.fun

22.A.discussedR.chosenC.startedD.shared

23.A.relationshipB.interactionC.awarenessD.progress

24.A.intentionalB.patientC.braveD.careful

25.A.challengesB.experiencesC.tasksD.opportunities

26.A.existB.appearC.countD.change

27.A.describingB.stringingC.mixingD.celebrating

28.A.resultinB.consistofC.lieinD.beginwith

29.A.reminderB.signC.ruleD.secret

30.A.courageB.prideC.hopeD.joy

Passa&e6

语法填空

2026届山东前泽市高三下学期一模英语试题

Forty-nineyoungprofessionalsfromdifferentcountriesrecentlycompleteda10-daytrainingprogramin

China,1(explore)ruralrevitalizationpracticesinYunnan.Theprogram,colaunchedbyChina

AgriculturalUniversityandTencent,aimedtoshareChina'sexperienceinruraldevelopmentwithglobal2

(young).

During(heirvisittoMenglaCounty,Yunnan,the3(participant)wereimpressedbythe

44agri-tourismintegration''modelinHebianVillage.TheylearnedhowYaoethnicgroup'swoodenhouses4

(transform)intocozyguesthouses,andhowvillagersnowearnincomefromrubbertapping,beekeeping,and

home-staymanagement.'AVeusedtothinkruralareascouldonlyrelyonfarming,''saidMircmbcfromUganda.

“Buihere,cultureandnaturebecometreasures—thisgivesusnewideas5ourvillages.^^

TheyalsovisitedasmartcoffeeestateinJinghong,6AIanddronesarcusedforpestcontroland

yieldprediction.HakimfromIndonesia,whorunsacoffeeworkshop,noted:"China'swayofconnectingsmall

fannerstobigmarketsvialive-streamingiseye-opening.WecanadaptthistosellourIndonesiancoffee7

(global);,

AkeytakeawaywasChina'sfocusont4farmcr-ccntcrcddevelopment”.InManluanzhanVillage,thegroup

sawhow8(abandon)watertowerswereturnedintocafes,andhowlocalvillagersleaddecision-making

fortourismprojects.ltChinadoesn'tjustbuildprettyvillages—itempowerspeopletoownthedevelopment,said

MumbifromKenya.

Theprogramendedwitha9(commit)toapplytheselessonsathome.AsTanzanianparticipant

Aboliputit:"China'sruralrevitalizationisn'tacopy-pastemodel,10amindsetofusinglocal

strengths.That'swhatweneedtotakeback.”

Passage7

读后续写

(2025-2026年山东德州市富三下学期英语一模试题)

Helenwasoldandhadtroublewalking.Thefirst(imeIsawher,Ihadjustmovedtothenewneighbourhood.

Aneighborwarned,^Everybodyhereisniceexcepther.Keepyourdistance?,

Iwasoptimistic—Iwouldn'tjudgemyunknownneighbor.Onemorning,Iwavedatherenthusiastically,

butshejuststaredatmeandturnedaway,leavingmeannoyed.44Forgcthcr,vIthought.IavoidedHelensincethen

forthenext15years,eventhoughv/elivedwithin50feet.Once,Isawhershoutatateenwhosebikeblockedher

driveway—thefightgotsoheatedthepolicewerecalled.

Weneverspokeorevenlookedateachotheruntilmy40thbirthday.Iplannedabiggathering,invitingmy

momandmanyfriends.Onthepartyday,friends'carspackedtheroad,someoccupyingacomeroftheentranceto

Helen'sdriveway.Helenbegantoscreamangrily.WhenIapologizedandexplainedthecircumstances,shebecame

combative(好斗的).'‘mnotgoingtoallowthis.Iwillcallthepoliceeverytenminutes."Shewastomaketheday

hard.

Mymotherwasnearingseventy.Shetookcontrolofthesituation.Sheheadedacrossthestre