2026年高考英语终极冲刺：清单02 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（二）（抢分清单）（原卷版）

清单02动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(二)专题01动词的语态1.用法被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态。除be外,被动语态的构成形式还有“get/become+过去分词”。只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,但注意某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态：如：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；suit适合；belongto属于；sufferfrom遭受；datefrom/backto追溯到；consistof由……组成；takepartin参加;不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:happen/takeplace/occur发生；remain剩下；breakout爆发；last持续；comeout出版；comeup被提出；loseheart失去信心；runout用完。情态动词,begoingto,beto,besureto等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw等，常与well，easily，smoothly等副词连用，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。Attention！thesignreadsasfollows.注意，告示如下。Theclothdoesn’twashwell.这个布料不好洗。(2)系动词如smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove等后接形容词作表语。Junkfoodtastesdeliciousbutitdoesn’tcontainenoughnutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。(3)open，close，lock，move，keep等动词常与won’t，can’t，wouldn’t连用。Nomatterwhathedidtothedrawer，itwouldn’topen.不论他怎么对付这抽屉，它就是打不开。(4)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词或worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thebuildingneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这所房子需要修理。Thepoetisreallyworthreading.这部诗歌的确值得一读。(5)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。常见的形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。betoblame也属于主动形式表被动意义。Theproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout前省略了forme)这道题很难计算。Whoistoblameforthemistake?这个错误应该归咎于谁？3.主动变为被动时宾语的变化(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。Thereportersaskedthepresidentsomequestions.→Thepresidentwasaskedsomequestionsbythereporters.→Somequestionswereaskedthepresidentbythereporters.(2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。WIheardhimsaygood-byetohisfriends.→Hewasheardtosaygood-byetohisfriends.【注意】动词短语变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴”。Thisdictionarymustbetakengoodcareof.附录:被动语态的构成(以do为例)类别现在过去将来过去将来一般am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone进行am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone——完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone1.(2025天津高考第一次)Thereadingmaterials________beforethetrainingbegan,sothateveryonehadacopy.A.haveprinted B.hadprinted C.havebeenprinted D.hadbeenprinted2.(2025天津高考第二次)DengJiaxianwasoneofthe23scientistswho________awardedfortheirextraordinarycontributionstoChina’s“twobombs,onesatellite”project.A.was B.were C.has D.have3.(2024天津高考第一次)Thefencebetweenthetwotenniscourts________.Soonchildrenwillhaveenoughspaceforfootballgames.A.areremoved B.istoberemovedC.weretoberemoved D.wasbeingremoved4.(2024天津高考第一次)Thisonlinecourse________,butyoucanstillaccessandusetheoriginalversion.A.hasupdated B.hadupdatedC.hasbeenupdated D.hadbeenupdated分清主动被动,辨析语态1.看到动词为及物动词,后面缺少宾语,要想到用被动语态。2.主谓关系判断法如果主语是动作的执行者，与谓语动词为主动关系，用主动语态，如果主语是动作的承受者，与谓语动词为动宾关系，用被动语态。3.谓语动词性质分析法判断谓语动词是否具有主动表示被动的性质，如果有则用主动语态；判断谓语动词是否具有不能用于被动语态的性质若有则用主动语态。专题02主谓一致一.语法一致原则1.动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词someone，anyone，everyone等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Someonetellsmethatitisnotworthwhiletogiveupmyjob.(不定代词作主语)Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.(动名词作主语)Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.(从句作主语)特别注意：(1)“manya/morethanone＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(2)what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。Whatliesattherootofhistroublesisasenseofinsecurity.(主语表示单数)Whattheschoolneedsarequalifiedteachers.(主语表示复数)ManyapersonthinksitnotwisetoleavethecityIamlivingin.(manya/morethanone＋单数名词)2.主语后有with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,aswellas等加名词或代词构成短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。and,both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物,谓语动词用单数形式。用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：breadandbutter(黄油抹面包)，knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Amy,aswellasherbrothers,wasgivenawarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.(一个人)BothyouandIareteachers.(两个人以上)ThedancerandexpertissaidtoperforminourschoolonChildren’sDay.(一个人)3.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。Heisoneofthemenwhowerechosentorepresentthegroup.(指代themen)Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.(指代theboy)4.“形复意单”名词如：news；以-ics结尾的学科名称如：physics，mathematics，economics；国名如：theUnitedStates；报纸名如：theNewTimes；书名如：ArabianNights(《天方夜谭》)；以及theUnitedNations(联合国)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。5.一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods，stairs，arms等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。6.单复数同形的名词，如means，deer，sheep等作主语时，谓语动词单复数要视情况而定。二.意义一致原则1.集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。2.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。3.“anumberof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“thenumberof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“分数/百分数/themajorityof+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all,some,half,most,therest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。Two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.4.“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。三.就近一致原则1.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等连接的词语作主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。注意：就近原则也适用于疑问句。在疑问句中，同样是依据最近的主语的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数。IseitherTomoryoutobesenttoworkthere?是你还是汤姆要被派去那里工作？2.由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。Therearemanygirlshavingatasteforsweetfood,butneithermysisternorIaminterestedincandies.1.(2025新高考I卷)Theplayers’personalities________(reveal)duringthegame,andone’sweaknessesareexposedtotheopponent,2.(2025新高考II卷)The“sunshinescent(香味)”offreshlysunnedclothes________(be)oneofthem.3.(2025浙江高考1月)Theconcept________(be)certainlynotnew--menhavebeenrentinggoodsuitsfordecades--butforfemaleshoppers,itisjusttakingoff.Thisclothing-as-servicemodelfollowsthebroadersocietalmovementtowardssharedeconomies.附录：1.找准主语看主语是单数还是复数，确定谓语动词的形式。2.牢记三原则要记住判断主谓一致的三个原则，注意特殊情况。3.综合时态，语态要与动词的时态和语态综合起来，确定谓语动词的形式。时间：10分钟满分：16分得分：_______一.单项选择1.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考)Thereadingmaterials________beforethetrainingbegan,sothateveryonehadacopy.A.haveprinted B.hadprinted C.havebeenprinted D.hadbeenprinted2.(2026届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考)DengJiaxianwasoneofthe23scientistswho________awardedfortheirextraordinarycontributionstoChina’s“twobombsonesatellite”project.A.was B.were C.has D.have3.(2026届天津市三校联考)NotonlymanyancientChinesepoemsbutalsotheclassicnovelDreamoftheRedChamber________tobetranslatedintodozensofforeignlanguagessofar,andgreatculturalsignificance________tothembypeopleallovertheworld.A.havebeenproved;isattached B.hasbeenproved;areattachedC.havebeenproved;areattached D.hasbeenproved;isattached4.(2026届天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查(一)Thehistoricalwoodenbridgeacrosstheriver________foroverayearduetosevereerosion,butthelatestreportsaystherestoration________andwillreopennextmonth.A.hasbeenclosed;isprogressingB.hasbeenclosed;hadprogressedC.hadbeenclosed;hasbeenprogressingD.hadbeenclosed;wasprogressing5.(2026届天津市红桥区高三下学期一模)OnedayIcamehomeandfoundthatapresent________onthedesk:abookcalledTheArtofProcrastination.A.hasbeenleft B.wasleaving C.hadbeenleft D.hadleft6.(2026届天津市河北区高三年级一模)Overthepasttwohundredyears,eachofthePekingOperamasks________withuniquecoloursandpatternstohelptheaudienceidentifythecharacterimmediately.A.isdesigned B.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesigned D.hasbeendesigned7.(2026届天津市河北区高三年级一模)Thelistofrecommendedbooksfortheliteraturecourses________twiceaccordingtothenewcurriculumguidelinessincetheywereofficiallyreleasedlastmonth.A.wereupdated B.hasbeenupdated C.updated D.haveupdated8.(2026届天津市耀华中学高三上学期假前训练)Severalpageswerefound________whenthebook________me.A.missing,returned B.gone,wasreturnedtoC.lost,wasreturned D.disappeared,wasreturnedto9.(2026届江苏省江阴市江阴市第二中学第一学期高三1月期末)Moreshoppingcenters________inourcitytopromotethelocaleconomyintwoyears.A.arebeingbuiltB.willbebuilt C.havebeenbuilt D.hadbeenbuilt10.(2026届天津市河东区第一学期高三年级期末质量检测)Sofarmanyastudent________thathonestyanddiligence________thekeytosuccess.A.hasrealized;isB.haverealized;areC.hasrealized;are D.haverealized;is二.单句语法填空1.(2026届云南昆明市第一中学高三3月复习诊断)Nowmoreroutes________(develop),includingflower-viewingtours,summerretreatsandautumnjourneys,allofwhicharepopularamongseniortravelers.2.(2026届福建恒一教育集团高三下学期联合模拟检测二模)TheplatformhasenabledRibeirotorealiseherdreamwithagreatdealoffreedom,asopposedtoarestaurantwheretheserviceisimpersonal,themenuisknowninadvance,andthemeal________(expect)tobenosurprise.3.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中英语学科规范化英语练习)Asis________(advertise),therewillbeallsortsofpaper-cuttingattheexhibition.4.(2026届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03月测试)Knownasthe“kingofpaper”,XuanpaperhasbeenrecordingChineseculturesinceitwas________(invent).5.(2026届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学北湖校区高三上学期01月测试)Then,asmallamountofwater________(add),andthepaniscovered.6.(2026届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学北湖校区高三上学期01月测试(二)ItwasheratherthanIthat________(be)toblame.时间：10分钟满分：20分得分：_______一.单项选择1Everyboyandeverygirl,aswellasteacherswho________tovisitthemuseum,________askedtobeattheschoolgatebefore8:30inthemorning.A.is,are B.are,is C.is,is D.are,are2.Anewlibrary________inourcommunitynextyear.A.builds B.built C.willbebuilt D.isbuilt3.Theancienttemple________byworkersfornearlyamonthandit________tothepublicnextmonth.A.repairs;opens B.isrepaired;willopenC.hasbeenbeingrepaired;willbeopened D.repaired;wasopened4.Thebridge________for50years,butitisstillingoodcondition.A.builds B.isbuilt C.hasbuilt D.hasbeenbuilt5.Theresultsoftheexam________tothestudentsnextMonday.A.willannounceB.willbeannounced C.announce D.areannounced6.Rules________tokeeporderintheschool,soeveryonemustfollowthem.A.make B.aremade C.made D.willbemade7.Theclassroom________whenthefirealarmwentoffyesterdayafternoon.A.cleans B.iscleaned C.wasbeingcleaned D.hadbeencleaned8.Thenovel________byafamouswriterinthe1990sandithasbeentranslatedinto10languages.A.writes B.wrote C.waswritten D.hasbeenwritten9.Overthepastfiveyears,largequantitiesofmoney________inimprovingthepublictransportinourprovince.A.havebeenspent B.w