教材词汇（上）（清单+专项训练）（解析版）

教材词汇（上）（清单+专项训练）目录教材必记词汇清单教材词汇易错点专项突破教材词汇临考抢分技巧教材词汇必练题型教材词汇综合小测教材必记词汇清单一、核心动词survive考点：及物动词！survivetheaccident（在事故中幸存）。command考点：commandthat...(should)do（命令…）；haveagoodcommandof（精通）。deserve考点：deservetodo/deservedoing（=deservetobedone）。focus考点：focuson=concentrateon。concern考点：beconcernedabout（关心）；asfaras...beconcerned（就…而言）。pretend考点：pretendtodo/pretendtobedoing/pretendtohavedone。persuade考点：persuadesb.todo（说服成功）；区分trytopersuade（试图说服）。insist考点：insistondoing；insistthat...（坚持主张用shoulddo；坚持事实用陈述语气）。lie(v.)易错点：躺；位于：lie—lay—lain—lying说谎：lie—lied—lied—lying放置；下蛋：lay—laid—laid—laying二、核心名词access考点：have/getaccessto（有机会使用/进入）。attitude考点：attitudeto/towards（对…的态度）。balance考点：keep/losethebalance（保持/失去平衡）。patience(n.)考点：havepatiencewith（对…有耐心）；形容词：patient。phenomenon考点：复数phenomena（常考单复数一致性）。scene/view/sight/scenery辨析：scene：（戏剧）场景；事件现场；风景（包含人与活动）。view：（从某处看到的）景色。sight：视力；看见的事物（名胜）。scenery：（地区整体的）自然风景（不可数）。三、核心形容词/副词available考点：常作后置定语，Themanagerisnotavailablenow.（经理现在没空）。particular考点：beparticularabout（对…挑剔）；inparticular（尤其）。anxious考点：beanxiousabout（担忧）；beanxioustodo（渴望做）。entire/whole考点：强调“整个的，全部的”，常可互换。previous(adj.)考点：previousto（在…之前）=before。absolutely(adv.)考点：用于加强语气，absolutelynecessary（绝对必要）。四、熟词生义develop熟义：发展。生义：患（病）developadisease；冲洗（照片）developafilm。employ熟义：雇佣。生义：使用（方法、时间等）employanewmethod。attend熟义：出席（attendameeting）。生义：照料；处理attendtothepatient/customer。appreciate熟义：欣赏；感激。生义：理解；领会Iappreciatethedifficulty.（我理解其中的困难。）term熟义：学期；术语。生义：关系beongoodtermswith（与…关系好）。五、高频核心短语breakdown（机器）故障；（身体）垮掉；分解。comeacross偶然遇见。putupwith忍受。intermsof就…而言。makesense讲得通；有意义。dueto由于（多作表语或状语）。ratherthan而不是（连接平行结构）。教材词汇易错点专项突破一、易混淆词对比解析1.拼写相近易混词affect/effectaffect(v.)影响：Theweatheraffectsmymood.effect(n.)效果：Themedicinehassideeffects.principal/principleprincipal(n./adj.)校长；主要的：Ourprincipalwillgiveaspeech.principle(n.)原则：Hestickstohisprinciples.quite/quietquite(adv.)相当：It'squitedifficult.quiet(adj.)安静的：Keepquietinthelibrary.2.词性变化易错词advise/adviceadvise(v.)建议：Iadviseyoutostudyhard.advice(n.)建议（不可数）：Givemesomeadvice.practise/practicepractise(v.)练习：IpractiseEnglisheveryday.practice(n.)练习：Practicemakesperfect.二、重点单词辨析addict/addicted/addictionaddict(n.)上瘾者：adrugaddictaddicted(adj.)上瘾的：beaddictedtogamesaddiction(n.)瘾：internetaddictionbeneficial/benefitbeneficial(adj.)有益的：Exerciseisbeneficialtohealth.benefit(n./v.)好处；受益：benefitfromreadingvarious/varietyvarious(adj.)各种各样的：variousreasonsvariety(n.)多样：avarietyofflowers三、常用词组搭配break相关短语breakdown(机器)故障；(人)崩溃breakout(战争、火灾)爆发breakup分手；解散breakin闯入look相关短语lookforwardtodoing(易错：误用为todo)lookafter照顾lookinto调查lookupto尊敬四、同义词辨析damage/destroy/ruindamage部分损坏（可修复）destroy彻底毁坏ruin毁掉（多指抽象事物）happen/takeplace/occurhappen偶然发生takeplace按计划发生occur较正式用语形近词记忆口诀"dessert"比"desert"多一个"s"因为甜品(dessert)更甜(sweeter)所以多一个"s"五、常考固定搭配havedifficulty(in)doing(易漏掉in)beworthdoing(不用被动形式)beusedtodoing(习惯于)vsusedtodo(过去常常)教材词汇临考抢分技巧一、考前最后三天行动清单黄金法则：不贪多，只记高频易错点第1天：快速过一遍最常考的50组形近/义近词第2天：重点攻克动词短语和固定搭配第3天：专攻写作高频词汇和常见拼写错误二、选择题抢分必杀技1.词义辨析题：三步锁定答案例题：It's______tobelievethathefinishedthetaskinonlyonehour.A.hardlyB.hardC.barelyD.nearly解题步骤：看搭配：It's+adj.+todo（固定结构）筛词性：hardly/barely/nearly是副词，只有hard可作形容词定答案：选B(hard)口诀：先看结构，再看词性，最后词义2.高频陷阱词affect/effect：考到概率70%，记住“A影响，E效果”lie/lay：直接背“躺lie-lay-lain，放lay-laid-laid”advise/advice：v.s/n.，“s像蛇，动词要行动；c像月亮，名词静悄悄”三、完形填空词汇线索法语境三看原则看上文：前两句话定基调看搭配：介词是重要线索（look____→for/at/after?）看复现：同词重现或同义替换实战技巧：遇到不确定的，先在旁边标个问号，做完通读时再判断实在选不出，用“代入法”每个选项读一遍，选最顺口的四、写作词汇抢分策略安全提分三招1.基础词升级good→positive/beneficialbad→negative/harmfulmany→avarietyof/numerousIthink→Frommyperspective/Itseemstomethat2.连词必须正确表因果：therefore,asaresult表转折：however,nevertheless表递进：furthermore,inaddition3.考前背熟3个“万能高级句式”①Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat...（众所周知）②Thereisnodenyingthat...（不可否认）③Onlyinthiswaycanwe...（倒装句，提分利器）教材词汇必练题型一、词义辨析选择题题型1：单句语境辨析It'snot______forparentstopayforeverythingtheirchildrenwant.A.necessaryB.essentialC.vitalD.practical解析：考查“必要的”同义词辨析。practical“实际的，实用的”最合语境。Aftertheearthquake,thewholecommunity______tohelpthevictims.A.cameupB.cameoutC.cametogetherD.cameacross解析：考查come短语。cometogether“团结起来”符合语境。题型2：对话情境辨析—I'mthinkingofgoingtothemountainsfortheholiday.—______!Thescenerythereisamazing.A.CongratulationsB.GoodluckC.SoundsgreatD.Nevermind解析：考查情景反应。Soundsgreat“听起来很棒”最自然。二、完形填空词汇专项WhenIfirstenteredseniorhigh,Ifeltverylonely.Ihaddifficulty1friendsbecauseIwastooshy.Myteacheradvisedmeto2inmoreclassactivities.Atfirst,Iwas3thatIwouldmakeafoolofmyself.Buttomysurprise,whenI4tookpartinagroupdiscussion,Ifoundmanyclassmatessharedsimilarinterestswithme.1.A.making B.keeping C.meeting D.finding2.A.join B.attend C.participate D.enter3.A.afraid B.eager C.proud D.confident4.A.finally B.immediately C.suddenly D.recently解析：1.A(makefriends固定搭配)2.C(participatein最正式)3.A(根据shy推断“害怕”)4.A(finally体现过程)三、语法填空词汇变形题题型1：词性转换Regularexercisehasapositive______(affect)onbothphysicalandmentalhealth.答案：effect。考查affect/effect区分，此处需名词。The______(develop)ofartificialintelligenceischangingourlives.答案：development。动词develop→名词development。题型2：派生词填空Itis______(legal)todrivewithoutalicense.答案：illegal。根据语境需要否定含义，legal→illegal。Sheacceptedtheinvitationwithgreat______(enthusiastic).答案：enthusiasm。形容词→名词，withgreatenthusiasm。四、单词拼写题根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词：Hehasa______(积极的)attitudetowardslife.positiveThemedicinehassomesidee______.effectsWeshouldr______ourfriendsandteachers.respectThecompanyo______meagoodjob.offeredIt'simportanttokeepab______betweenworkandrest.balance五、短语搭配选择题Themeetinghasbeen______untilnextFriday.A.putoffB.putupC.putoutD.putaway答案：Aputoff“推迟”。Whenthefire______,everyonerushedtotheexits.A.brokeoutB.brokedownC.brokeupD.brokein答案：Abreakout“(火灾、战争)爆发”。六、词汇运用综合题阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或所给单词的正确形式：Addictiontosmartphoneshasbecomeaseriousproblemamongteenagers.Manystudentsareso1(addict)totheirphonesthattheycan'tfocusontheirstudies.Thisnotonly2(affect)theiracademicperformancebutalsoharmstheireyesight.Parentsandteachersshouldworktogethertohelpstudentsdevelophealthyhabits.Forexample,theycanencouragestudentsto3(participate)inoutdooractivitiesinsteadofstaringatscreensallday.Onlyinthiswaycanwepreventthesituationfromgetting4(bad).答案：1.addicted(beaddictedto固定搭配)2.affects(主语manystudents是复数，但this指代前面整件事，单数)3.participate(encouragesbtodo)4.worse(getworse“变得更糟”)七、写作词汇升级练习将下列基础表达升级为高级表达：原句：Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.升级：Itisessentialthatwetakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.原句：Manypeopleliketousesmartphones.升级：Agrowingnumberofpeopleareaddictedtousingsmartphones.原句：Thisisgoodforourhealth.升级：Thisisbeneficialtoourphysicalandmentalwell-being.教材词汇综合小测单句语法填空1.Hesuggestedthatwe______(go)forawalkafterdinner.答案：go解析：suggest表示"建议"时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即"(should)+动词原形"，should可省略。2.Itisimportantforus______(learn)aforeignlanguage.答案：tolearn解析：Itisimportantforsbtodosth是固定句型，it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。3.Theteachertoldusthatlight______(travel)fasterthansound.答案：travels解析：宾语从句中表述客观真理，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。4.Ilookforwardto______(hear)fromyousoon.答案：hearing解析：lookforwardto中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词。5.Sheisconsidering______(change)herjobbecausesheisnotsatisfiedwiththesalary.答案：changing解析：consider后接动名词作宾语，意为"考虑做某事"。6.Theboywasmade______(clean)hisroombeforegoingout.答案：toclean解析：make在主动语态中接省略to的不定式，但在被动语态中要加上to。7.IfI______(be)you,Iwouldtakethejob.答案：were解析：虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，if从句用过去式（be动词用were）。8.Thefilm______(direct)byZhangYimouisverypopular.答案：directed解析：此处需要非谓语动词作定语，film与direct之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。9.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______(have)passedtheexam.答案：has解析：当先行词被theonly修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词与先行词one保持一致，用单数。10.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher______(be)interestedintheactivity.答案：is解析：notonly...butalso连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循"就近原则"，与theteacher保持一致，用单数。11.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______(be)50,butanumberofthem______(be)absent.答案：was;were解析：thenumberof表示"……的数量"，作主语时谓语用单数；anumberof表示"许多"，作主语时谓语用复数。12.Itwasinthepark______Imetmyoldfriendyesterday.答案：that解析：强调句型Itis/was...that，此处强调地点状语inthepark。13.Sheisusedto______(get)upearlyinthemorning.答案：getting解析：beusedto表示"习惯于"，to是介词，后接名词或动名词。14.Thisisthehouse______welivedlastyear.答案：where解析：定语从句，先行词是house，从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。15.Theharderyouwork,the______(good)resultyouwillget.答案：better解析：themore...themore...结构，表示"越……越……"，good的比较级是better。16.HespokesoquicklythatIcouldhardlyunderstand______(he).答案：him解析：understand是动词，后接宾语，故用宾格him。17.MymotheraskedmeifI______(finish)myhomework.答案：hadfinished解析：主句谓语asked是过去时，宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，故用过去完成时。18.It'shightimethatwe______(take)actiontoprotecttheenvironment.答案：took/shouldtake解析：It'shightimethat...从句中用过去式或should+动词原形，表示"早该做某事了"。19.Ipreferstayingathometo______(go)outonweekends.答案：going解析：prefer...to...中to是介词，后接名词或动名词。20.Thebookisworth______(read)again.答案：reading解析：beworthdoing表示"值得做"，主动形式表被动含义。21.______(see)fromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.答案：Seen解析：非谓语动词作状语，thecity与see之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。22.Sheisvery______(experience)inteachingEnglish.答案：experienced解析：experienced是形容词，意为"有经验的"。23.Itisnouse______(cry)overspiltmilk.答案：crying解析：Itisnousedoingsth是固定句型，意为"做某事没有用"。24.Hecameintotheroom,______(follow)byhisdog.答案：followed解析：非谓语动词作状语，he与follow之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。25.Ihavetwobrothers,and______ofthemareengineers.答案：both解析：根据twobrothers和are，可知两者都，用both。26.Thenews______(be)veryexciting.答案：is解析：news是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。27.Heissucha______(rely)personthatwealltrusthim.答案：reliable解析：形容词修饰名词person，rely的形容词是reliable。28.Theteacher,aswellashisstudents,______(be)goingtothemuseum.答案：is解析：主语是theteacher，aswellashisstudents是附加成分，谓语动词与theteacher保持一致，用单数。29.Iwillneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.答案：that/which解析：定语从句，先行词是days，从句中spent是及物动词，缺少宾语，故用关系代词that或which。30.ItisthefirsttimethatI______(visit)theGreatWall.答案：havevisited解析：在Itisthefirsttimethat...句型中，从句用现在完成时。31.Heistallerthan______(any)otherstudentinhisclass.答案：any解析：比较级与anyother连用，表示"比任何其他……都"，用于同一范围。32.Theroomneeds______(clean)beforewemovein.答案：cleaning/tobecleaned解析：needdoing=needtobedone，表示"需要被做"。33.Ihavenoidea______hewillcomeback.答案：when解析：同位语从句，解释idea的内容，从句中缺少时间状语，故用when。34.Thebabyissleeping.Wouldyoumind______(turn)downtheradio?答案：turning解析：mind后接动名词作宾语。35.Hewassoangrythatheleftwithout______(say)aword.答案：saying解析：without是介词，后接名词或动名词。36.Sheisthegirl______voicesoundssweet.答案：whose解析：定语从句，先行词是girl，从句中voice前需要定语，表示"女孩的嗓音"，故用关系代词whose。37.Itissaidthattheconference______(hold)nextmonth.答案：willbeheld解析：that从句主语theconference与hold之间是被动关系，且nextmonth表示将来，故用一般将来时的被动语态。38.I'dratheryou______(nottell)himthenews.答