2025届河南省信阳市高三第一次教学质量检测（一模）英语试卷 含解析

★2024年10月18日2024-2025学年普通高中高三第一次教学质量检测英语注意事项：1.答题前，务必在答题卷规定的地方填写自己的姓名、考号和座位号。2.答第Ⅰ卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；答第Ⅱ卷时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卷上书写，要求字体工整，笔迹清晰。在指定的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。3.满分150分,考试时间120分钟。第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthewoman?A.Ateacher.B.Anofficial.C.Astudent.2.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Gotothepostoffice.B.Buynewclothes.C.Dosomewashing.3.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutJames’behavior?A.Upset.B.Unsurprised.C.Pleased.4.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Sendapackage.B.Pickupherson.C.Fetchherparcel.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afestival.B.Agift.C.Afriend.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。6.WhatdidMary'sfamilydolastSundayafternoon?A.Theywentonapicnic.B.Theystayedathome.C.Theysawamovie.7.Whodidthemanspendtheweekendwith?A.Hisparents.B.Hisuncle'sfamily.C.Hisfriends.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhydoesMarktalktothewoman?A.Tomakesomechanges.B.Tobookasingleroom.C.Toputoffhischeck-intime.9.HowmanynightswillMarkandhiswifespendatthehotel?A.2.B.3.C.5.10.WhatdoesMarkthinkoftheprice?A.Quitelow.B.Reasonable.C.Veryexpensive.听第8段材料，回答第11至14题。11.WhatkindofdogdoesCarolwant?A.Asmartone.B.Akindone.C.Alargeone.12.WhendidCarollastseeSpot?A.Adayago.B.Amonthago.C.Ayearago.13.WhodislikesSpot?A.Steve'sneighbors.B.Carol'ssister.C.Steve.14.WhydoesSteverefusetogetacarpetinhisapartment?A.Spotwillgetsick.B.Spotwillbiteit.C.Spotwillmakeitdirty.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15.Whichseasonisit?A.Winter.B.Spring.C.Summer.16.Wherewillthespeakersgotomorrow?A.Afoodmarket.B.Anamusementpark.C.Agardendowntown.17.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Touristandguide.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WheredidNightingalestartanursinghomeforwomen?A.InGermany.B.InEngland.C.InFrance.19.WhatdidNightingaledoin1854?A.Shebuiltawarhospital.B.Shelearnednursingabroad.C.Shewenttothefronthospitals.20.WhendidNightingalewriteabookonpublichealth?A.Beforethewar.B.Duringthewar.C.Afterthewar.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ANewSpaceMissionsin2024ESA’sHeramissionTheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)planstolaunchitsHeraspacecraftinOctoberonamissiontoreturntoanasteroid(小行星)systemvisitedbyNASA’sDARTspacecraftin2022.Heraisdesignedtocollectdataonthetargetedsystem,calledDidymos.ThespacecraftisexpectedtocloselyexaminethephysicalpropertiesofDidymosandmeasuredetailedeffectsofDART’scrash.EuropaClipperNASAhopestolaunchitsEuropaClippermissioninOctober.ThisorbiterisdesignedtocarryoutcloseexaminationsofJupiter’smoonEuropa.Specifically,themissionwilllookforsignsthattheicymoonmightholdtherightconditionstosupportlife.NASAsaystheorbiterwillflyinorbitaroundJupiterandperformrepeatedcloseflybys(飞跃)oftheicymoon.Boeing’sStarlinertestflightNASAandBoeinghavesaidtheyplantolaunchthefirstcrewedtestflightofthecompany’sStarlinerspacecraft.NASAsaysitistargetingMay2024tohaveStarlinerreadyforflight.Thelaunchdateistobesetlater.ThespacecraftcompleteditsfirstuncrewedflighttesttotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)lastMay.ButBoeinghasexperiencedseveraltechnicaldifficultieswithStarlinerduringthemissionandhasworkedwithNASAtofixtheproblemsasitpreparesfortheplannedcrewedflight.SpaceXStarshiptestSpaceX,anotherNASA’spartner,hasbeensuccessfullyusingitsrocketsandspacecrafttotransportastronautsandmaterialstotheISSsince2020.Butthecompanywillbeseekingasuccessfultestflightin2024foritssuper-heavyStarshipspacecraft.SpaceXexperiencedtwofailedStarshiptestsin2023—oneinAprilandtheotherinNovember—whichresultedinexplosions.TheAprilexplosioncausedmajordamagetothelaunchstructureinthestateofTexas.SpaceXhassaidithasbeenexaminingtheissuesrelatedtotheexplosionsandplanstocarryoutanothertestofStarshipassoonaspossible.ButitwillhavetowaituntiltheUSFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)completesitsinvestigationofthelaunchsitedamageandapprovesanewtest.1.WhatisthemainpurposeofESA’sHeramission?A.Toexploreanewasteroidsystem.B.TocollectdataontheDidymossystem.C.Toreturntothemoonforfurtherresearch.D.Tomeasuretheeffectsofapreviousspacecraftcrash.2.WhichstatementaboutBoeing’sStarlinertestflightistrue?A.ItwillbelaunchedinOctober2024.B.Ithasalreadycompleteditsfirstcrewedflighttest.C.NASAhassetaspecificlaunchdateforthecrewedflight.D.Boeinghasencounteredtechnicaldifficultiesduringitstestflights.3.WhathappenedtoSpaceX’sStarshipduringitstestsin2023?A.Itsuccessfullycompletedtwotestflights.B.Itexperiencedexplosionsduringbothtests.C.Thefirsttestwassuccessful,butthesecondfailed.D.TheApriltestcausedminordamagetothelaunchstructure.【答案】1.B2.D3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2024年的四个太空任务。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“ESA’sHeramission”下面的“Heraisdesignedtocollectdataonthetargetedsystem,calledDidymos.(“赫拉”旨在收集目标系统Didymos的数据)”可知，“赫拉”的任务是收集Didymos系统的数据。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“Boeing’sStarlinertestflight”下面的“NASAandBoeinghavesaidtheyplantolaunchthefirstcrewedtestflightofthecompany’sStarlinerspacecraft.NASAsaysitistargetingMay2024tohaveStarlinerreadyforflight.Thelaunchdateistobesetlater.(美国国家航空航天局和波音公司表示，他们计划发射该公司“星际客船”航天器的首次载人试飞。美国国家航空航天局表示，其目标是在2024年5月让“星际客船”做好飞行准备。发射日期将稍后确定)”可知，“星际客船”航天器的发射日期还没有确定，载人试飞还没有完成，所以A、B两项错误；根据“ButBoeinghasexperiencedseveraltechnicaldifficultieswithStarlinerduringthemissionandhasworkedwithNASAtofixtheproblemsasitpreparesfortheplannedcrewedflight.(但波音公司在执行任务期间遇到了“星际客船”的几个技术困难，并在为计划中的载人飞行做准备时，已经与美国国家航空航天局合作，以便解决这些问题)”可知，NASA还没有为载人飞行设定具体日期，波音公司在试飞时遇到了几个技术困难，所以C项错误，D项正确。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据“SpaceXStarshiptest”下面的“SpaceXexperiencedtwofailedStarshiptestsin2023—oneinAprilandtheotherinNovember—whichresultedinexplosions.(SpaceX在2023年经历了两次失败的“星舰”测试——一次是在4月，另一次是11月——导致了爆炸)”可知，2023年SpaceX的两次“星舰”测试都爆炸了。故选B。BAsawriterspecializinginpsychology,I'vecomeacrosshundredsofevidence-basedtipsforbetterthinking.Fewhaveprovenasusefultomeastheancientstrategyofilleism.Putsimply,illeismisthepracticeoftalkingaboutoneselfinthethirdperson,ratherthanthefirstperson.Therhetoricaldevice(修辞手法)isoftenusedbypoliticianstotrytogivetheirwordsanairofobjectivity.InhisaccountoftheGallicWar,forexample,theemperorJuliusCaesarwrote“Caesaravengedthepublic”ratherthan“Iavengedthepublic”.Tothemodernear,illeismcansoundalittlesillyorpompous.Yetrecentpsychologicalresearchsuggeststhatilleismcanbringsomerealcognitivebenefits.Ifwearetryingtomakeadifficultdecision,speakingaboutourselvesinthethirdpersoncanhelptoneutralisetheemotionsthatcouldleadourthinkingofftherightway,allowingustofindawisersolutiontoourproblem.Whenmakingpersonalchoices,webecometooimmersed(沉浸于)inouremotions,whichcloudourthinkingandpreventusfromdealingwithourissuesobjectively.IfIhavereceivednegativefeedbackfromacolleague,forexample,myfeelingofembarrassmentmightleadmetobecomeoverlyself-defensive.Imightthereforeabandontheiropinionswithoutconsideringwhethertheiradvicecouldbehelpfulinthelongterm.Byswitchingtothethirdperson,ourdescriptionsofthesituationwillstarttosoundasifwearetalkingaboutsomeoneelseratherthanourselves.Thissenseofdetachment(超脱)wouldallowustoseethebiggerpicture,ratherthangettingcaughtupinourownfeelings.Byencouragingustodealwithourproblemsobjectively,theuseofilleismmayalsohelpustohaveamorebalancedresponsetodailystresses.4.Whatisilleismaccordingtothepassage?A.Mentioningothersinthethirdperson. B.Referringtooneselfinthethirdperson.C.Talkingaboutoneselfinthefirstperson. D.Speakingaboutothersinthefirstperson.5.Whydopoliticiansoftenuseilleismintheirspeeches?A.Tomaketheirwordsmoreemotional. B.Tomaketheirlanguagemorecomplex.C.Toaddasenseofhumortotheirspeeches. D.Tomaketheirstatementssoundobjective.6.Whatbenefitofilleismdoesrecentpsychologicalresearchhighlight?A.Itincreasespeople'sself-confidence. B.Itimprovespeople'sphysicalhealth.C.Itaidsinseekingforbetterapproaches. D.Ithelpspeoplemakedecisionsmorequickly.7.Howcanilleismhelpwhenwedealwithpersonalchoicesandemotions?A.Bymakingusfeellessembarrassed. B.Byencouragingustobemoredefensive.C.Bymakingusignoreouremotions. D.Byallowingustotakeabroaderview.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于“（过多地）使用第三人称自称”的探讨，包括其定义、用法、心理效应及其在科学上的解释。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Putsimply,illeismisthepracticeoftalkingaboutoneselfinthethirdperson,ratherthanthefirstperson.(简单地说，illeism就是用第三人称而不是第一人称谈论自己的行为。)”可知，illeism是用第三人称指代自己。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Therhetoricaldevice(修辞手法)isoftenusedbypoliticianstotrytogivetheirwordsanairofobjectivity.

(政客们经常使用这种修辞手法，以使他们的话显得客观。)”可知，政客们使用“（过多地）使用第三人称自称”是为了让他们的陈述听起来更加客观。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Yetrecentpsychologicalresearchsuggeststhatilleismcanbringsomerealcognitivebenefits.Ifwearetryingtomakeadifficultdecision,speakingaboutourselvesinthethirdpersoncanhelptoneutralisetheemotionsthatcouldleadourthinkingofftherightway,allowingustofindawisersolutiontoourproblem.”(然而，最近的心理学研究表明，“（过多地）使用第三人称自称”行为可以带来一些真正的认知益处。如果我们正试图做出一个困难的决定，用第三人称谈论自己可以帮助中和可能导致我们偏离正确思路的情绪，让我们找到一个更明智的解决问题的方法。)”可知，“（过多地）使用第三人称自称”能够通过帮助找到更明智的解决方案来改善思维方式。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Byswitchingtothethirdperson,ourdescriptionsofthesituationwillstarttosoundasifwearetalkingaboutsomeoneelseratherthanourselves.Thissenseofdetachment(超脱)wouldallowustoseethebiggerpicture,ratherthangettingcaughtupinourownfeelings.(通过切换到第三人称，我们对情况的描述将开始听起来好像我们在谈论别人而不是我们自己。这种超然的感觉会让我们看到更广阔的视野，而不是陷入自己的感觉)”可知，“（过多地）使用第三人称自称”可以让我们更加客观地看待问题，看到更广阔的视野。故选D。CInrecentyears,someresearchershavebeenexploringthepossibilityofso-called“automatedvaletparking”,afunctionthatwouldallowacartodriveitselffromtheentranceofaparkingtoafreeparkingspot.Whilethisautonomousdrivingapplicationgatheredgreatresearchinterest,itsreliablerealizationhassofarprovedchallenging.ResearchersatMachDriveinShanghairecentlydevelopedOCEAN,anOpenspaceCollision-freEtrAjectoryplaNnerfortheautonomousparkingofvehicles.Thisplannerwasfoundtosignificantlyimprovetheabilityofcarstosafelyreachaparkingspot,withoutcolliding(碰撞)withobjectsontheway.Itwasdesignedtoovercomethetwoprimaryshortcomingsofapproachespresentedinpreviousstudiestacklingautonomousparking.Thefirstoftheseistheinabilitytoaccuratelypredictcollisions,whilethesecondinvolvespoorperformanceinreal-timetests.TheOCEANplannerbuildsonapreviouslyintroducedapproachcalledHybrdOptimization-basedCollisionAvoidance(H-OBCA),dealingwithitsprimarylimitations.Itsimproveddesignultimatelyimprovesitsabilitytoavoidcollisions,alongwithitsstabilityandspeedinrealtime.“Toavoidcollisions,wehaveredesignedasimplermathematicalmodelandfoundamethodtodealwiththeproblem,makingthesolutionprocessfasterandmoreefficient,”Wang,Luandtheircolleagueswroteintheirpaper.Theytestedtheirplanneronhundredsofsimulated(模拟的)scenesandconductedreal-worldexperimentsinpublicparkingareas.Theirresultswerehighlypromising,asOCEANwasfoundtooutperformavarietyofmethodsforautonomousparkingapplications.“Resultsshowthattheproposedmethodhasbettersystemperformancecomparedwithotherstandards,”Wang,Luandhiscolleaguesexplainedintheirpaper.“Ourmethodmakesitpossibletodeploy(部署)large-scaleparkingplanneronlowcomputingpowerplatformsthatrequirereal-timeperformance.”Theplannerdevelopedbythisteamofresearcherscouldbeimprovedandtestedinadditionalreal-worldtrials.Inthefuture,itcouldbedeployedbycar-makingfirms,contributingtotheintroductionofautomatedvehicleparkingtechnologies.8.WhatisthemainfunctionofOCEAN?A.Tohelpthecarfindafreeparkingspotfaster.B.Todrivethecarfromtheentrancetotheexitofaparkinglot.C.Toenhancethecar’sabilitytoarriveataparkingspotsafely.D.Topredictthenumberofthefreeparkingspotsinaparkinglot.9.Twoprimaryshortcomingsofpreviousapproachestoautonomousparkingare_________.A.highcostandcomplexoperation.B.limitedapplicationrangeandhighenergyconsumption.C.inabilitytoaccuratelypredictcollisionsandpoorreal-timeperformance.D.difficultyinadaptingtodifferentparkinglotlayoutsandlongcalculationtime.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheOCEANplanner?A.Positive. B.Doubtful. C.Critical. D.Indifferent.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheDevelopmentofAutonomousParkingTechnologiesB.MachDrive:ALeadingCompanyinAutonomousDrivingC.OCEAN:APromisingPlannerforAutonomousParkingD.ChallengesinReal-WorldAutonomousParkingExperiments【答案】8.C9.C10.A11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为OCEAN(OpenspaceCollision-freEtrAjectoryplaNner)的规划器，用于车辆的自主泊车。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thisplannerwasfoundtosignificantlyimprovetheabilityofcarstosafelyreachaparkingspot,withoutcolliding(碰撞)withobjectsontheway.(该规划器被发现可以显著提高汽车安全到达停车位的能力，而不会与途中的物体碰撞)”可知，OCEAN的主要功能是提高汽车安全到达停车位的能力。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题，根据第二段中的“Itwasdesignedtoovercomethetwoprimaryshortcomingsofapproachespresentedinpreviousstudiestacklingautonomousparking.Thefirstoftheseistheinabilitytoaccuratelypredictcollisions,whilethesecondinvolvespoorperformanceinreal-timetests.(它旨在克服先前研究中提出的解决自动停车问题的方法的两个主要缺点。第一个缺点是无法准确预测碰撞，第二个缺点是实时测试中的性能不佳)”可知，先前研究提出的方法中的两个主要缺点是：无法准确预测碰撞和实时测试中的性能不佳。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Theirresultswerehighlypromising,asOCEANwasfoundtooutperformavarietyofmethodsforautonomousparkingapplications.(他们的结果非常有希望，因为OCEAN被发现在自动停车应用中优于各种方法)”和最后一段“Theplannerdevelopedbythisteamofresearcherscouldbeimprovedandtestedinadditionalreal-worldtrials.Inthefuture,itcouldbedeployedbycar-makingfirms,contributingtotheintroductionofautomatedvehicleparkingtechnologies.(这个研究小组开发的规划器可以在更多的现实世界试验中得到改进和测试。未来，汽车制造公司可以部署它，为自动停车技术的引入做出贡献)”可知，作者在讲述OCEAN测试的结果时，用“highlypromising(非常有希望)”来形容，并认为这个规划器可以在现实世界试验中进行更多的改进和测试，未来汽车制造公司可以部署该规划器，促进自动停车技术的使用。由此推知，作者对OCEAN持有非常积极的态度。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“ResearchersatMachDriveinShanghairecentlydevelopedOCEAN,anOpenspaceCollision-freEtrAjectoryplaNnerfortheautonomousparkingofvehicles.(上海迈驰智行公司的研究人员最近开发了OCEAN，这是一种用于自动泊车的开放空间无碰撞轨迹规划器)”可知，本文主要介绍了OCEAN这款用于自动停车的规划器。由此推知，C项“OCEAN：一种用于自动停车的有前景的规划器”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。DAtCountrysideHighSchoolinClearwater,Fla.,16-year-oldSageWaiteisalreadytakingaclassincybersecurity,andshe’dwelcomeonethat’sintheworksoncyberdisinformation(虚假信息).“Forthelongesttime,Ididn’tactuallyknowwhatdisinformationwas,”saidWaite,who’sinthe11thgrade.“Therewasalwaystheideathatthingscouldbewronginwhatyou’rehearingandwhatyou’rebeingtold.Buttheideaofmisinformationanddisinformationwasn’tinmyday-to-day.”Thispastyear,shesays,hasbeenaneye-opener,whendisinformationhasbecomesopopular.“MyfriendsandIdefinitelystartedlookingintostuffmoreanddoingmoreresearchafterthat.”shesaid.Anewprogramon“digitalliteracy”,withafocusontopicslikedisinformation,isinpreparation,thanksinparttoMikeMcConnell,whoisnowworkingtofightfalseinformationaimedatyoungpeople.“Weneedtounderstandthissowecanappreciatewhat’shappeningtous,andbeabletonotonlyunderstandit,butalsotonavigatethroughit,”McConnellsaid.“That’swhatIcalldigitalliteracy.”McConnellisexecutivedirectorofCyberFlorida,whichisbasedattheUniversityofSouthFloridainTampa.Thegroupworkswithkidsthroughoutthestateatuniversities,highschools,andeventhoseinyoungergrades.CyberFloridahelpedsetupthecybersecurityprogramnowbeingtaughtatmanyFloridaschools.Thenewproject,CyberCitizenship,isevenmoreambitious.“WethinkifwecandothisforFlorida,wecanspreaditacrossthenation,”hesaid.TheexpandedprogramwhichisinthepipelineaimstomakedigitalliteracysomethingallFloridastudentsget,atseveralgradelevels,beforetheyfinishhighschool.There’snodateyetforthecyberdisinformationclassesinFlorida,butcomputerteacherJasonFeltsaysitcan’tcomesoonenoughandheisreadytoembraceit.“TheInternetisawonderfultool.It’sconnectedusinawaythat’sneverreallybeenseenbefore.Butit’sablessingandit’salsoacurse.”Teachingstudentsthedifference,hesays,isahugechallenge.12.WhatinspiredSageWaiteandherfriendstodomoreresearchondisinformation?A.Theirpassionfornewtechnologies. B.Theirinterestincybersecurityclasses.C.Theirparticipationinaschoolproject. D.Theirrealizationofthepopularityofdisinformation.13.WhatisthemaingoalofCyberCitizenship?A.ToconnectstudentsthroughtheInternet. B.Tospreaddigitalliteracyacrossthenation.C.Tosetupcybersecurityprogramsinschools. D.Tofightfalseinformationaimedatyoungpeople.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“inthepipeline”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Underprotection. B.Recentlycompleted.C.Alreadyapplied. D.Intheplanningstage.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theimportanceofcybersecurityeducationinschools.B.Thechallengesofteachingdigitalliteracytostudents.C.TheimpactoftheInternetonstudents’learningexperiences.D.TheeffortstointroducedigitalliteracyprogramsinFloridaschools.【答案】12.D13.B14.D15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了佛罗里达州为提高学生数字素养，特别是识别虚假信息能力而做出的努力。【12题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Thispastyear,shesays,hasbeenaneye-opener,whendisinformationhasbecomesopopular.“MyfriendsandIdefinitelystartedlookingintostuffmoreanddoingmoreresearchafterthat.”shesaid.(她说，过去的一年让她大开眼界，因为虚假信息变得如此流行。“从那以后，我和我的朋友们开始更多地研究这些东西，做更多的研究。她说)”可知，SageWaite和她的朋友们开始更多地研究虚假信息，是因为他们意识到虚假信息的流行。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段“Anewprogramon“digitalliteracy”,withafocusontopicslikedisinformation,isinpreparation,thanksinparttoMikeMcConnell,whoisnowworkingtofightfalseinformationaimedatyoungpeople.“Weneedtounderstandthissowecanappreciatewhat’shappeningtous,andbeabletonotonlyunderstandit,butalsotonavigatethroughit,”McConnellsaid.“That’swhatIcalldigitalliteracy.”(一个关于“数字素养”新项目正在筹备中，重点关注虚假信息等话题，这在一定程度上要归功于迈克·麦康奈尔（MikeMcConnell），他目前正在努力打击针对年轻人的虚假信息。麦康奈尔说：“我们需要了解这一点，这样我们才能理解发生在我们身上的事情，不仅能够理解它，而且能够驾驭它。”“这就是我所说的数字素养。”)”和第四段中“CyberFloridahelpedsetupthecybersecurityprogramnowbeingtaughtatmanyFloridaschools.Thenewproject,CyberCitizenship,isevenmoreambitious.“WethinkifwecandothisforFlorida,wecanspreaditacrossthenation,”hesaid.(CyberFlorida帮助建立了网络安全项目，现在许多佛罗里达学校都在教授这个项目。这个名为“网络公民”的新项目甚至更加雄心勃勃。他说：“我们认为，如果我们能在佛罗里达州做到这一点，我们就能在全国推广。”)”可知，CyberCitizenship的主要目标是在全国范围内推广数字素养。故选B。【14题详解】词句猜测题。由文章第五段中“Theexpandedprogramwhichis

inthepipelineaimstomakedigitalliteracysomethingallFloridastudentsget,atseveralgradelevels,beforetheyfinishhighschool.There’snodateyetforthecyberdisinformationclassesinFlorida,butcomputerteacherJasonFeltsaysitcan’tcomesoonenoughandheisreadytoembraceit.(这个扩大的项目inthepipeline，目的是让所有佛罗里达州的学生在高中毕业之前，在不同的年级掌握数字素养。佛罗里达州开设网络虚假信息课程的日期尚未确定，但计算机教师杰森·费尔特（JasonFelt）表示，这一课程不会很快到来，他已经准备好接受它。)”可知，佛罗里达州的网络虚假信息课程还没有确定日期，但计算机老师JasonFelt认为它来得越快越好，他已经做好了接受的准备，因此可推断出，inthepipeline在此处意为“在计划阶段”。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第一段中“AtCountrysideHighSchoolinClearwater,Fla.,16-year-oldSageWaiteisalreadytakingaclassincybersecurity,andshe’dwelcomeonethat’sintheworksoncyberdisinformation(虚假信息).(在佛罗里达州克利尔沃特的乡村高中。美国16岁的SageWaite已经在学习网络安全课程了，她很希望能有一门关于网络虚假信息的课程。)”以及后文对佛罗里达州数字素养课程的介绍可知，文章主要讲述了在佛罗里达州学校引入数字素养课程的努力。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Snakesarethelastthingyouwanttofindinyouryardorgarden,muchlessinyourhouse.Unfortunately,there'snosurefirewaytokeepsnakesawayfromyourbuilding.Butdon'tdespair.____16____.KeeptheareaaroundyourhouseclearofovergrownbushesandgrassHomeownersshouldstartbykeepingtheirgrassatashortorreasonablelength.Snakesarecautiousaboutmovingacrosstrimmedbushesandgrassastheseexposethemtopredators.____17____.GetridofhidingspotsReduceorgetridofplaceswheresnakesliketohide.Onesuchplaceisunderbushes.Also,ground-coverplantsofferhidingplacesforsnakes.____18____.Anotherlandscapefeaturetonoteislargerockspiledtogether.Avoidtheseastheyaregreathidingandcoolingplacesforsnakes.____19____Homeownersneedtocheckthefoundationforpossiblesnakeentrypoints.Snakeswillenterunderyourhouseiftheycan.Makesuretosealanycracksoropeningsasnakecouldfitthrough.Doorscanalsobeanaccesspointforsnakes.Blocktheseopenings.RemovesourcesoffoodSnakesarecarnivoresthateatmeat,sotheylookformice,ratsandevenbirds.Therearestepshomeownerscantaketoavoidattractingtheseanimalsand,inturn,snakes.____20____.Thiswillattracttheanimals,whichwillthenattractthesnakes.It'sfinetofeedyourpetsoutdoors,justremembertoremoveanyuneatenfood.A.SealoffentrancestothehouseB.HowtohandleasnakeencounterC.TherearemeasuresthatyoucantakeD.OneistoavoidleavingcatordogfoodoutdoorsE.TrytolimittheuseofsuchplantsinyourgardenF.Soit'sadvisabletoregularlytrimbushesandgrassaroundyourhouseG.Themethodshomeownerscanusetokeepsnakesatbayareoftwokinds【答案】16.C17.F18.E19.A20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了让蛇远离房子的一些方法。【16题详解】根据上文“Snakesarethelastthingyouwanttofindinyouryardorgarden,muchlessinyourhouse.Unfortunately,there'snosurefirewaytokeepsnakesawayfromyourbuilding.Butdon'tdespair.”（蛇是你最不希望在你的院子或花园里发现的东西，更不用说在你的房子里了。不幸的是，没有绝对的方法可以让蛇远离你的建筑。但不要绝望。）引出话题，提到蛇是你最不希望看到的东西，以及没有绝对的方法可以让蛇远离你。以及下文具体举例介绍的摆脱蛇的方法，由此可知，空格处内容应为有一些方法可以帮到你。结合选项C项Therearemeasuresthatyoucantake.（你可以采取一些措施。）符合此推断，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。【17题详解】根据上文“Snakesarecautiousaboutmovingacrosstrimmedbushesandgrassastheseexposethemtopredators.”（蛇在穿过修剪过的灌木丛和草地时非常谨慎，因为这会使它们暴露在捕食者面前。）可知，保持你房子周围的灌木和草地整洁是有好处的，结合选项F项Soit'sadvisabletoregularlytrimbushesandgrassaroundyourhouse.（所以建议定期修剪房子周围的灌木和草。）可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，符合语境。故选F项。【18题详解】根据上文“Onesuchplaceisunderbushes.Also,ground-coverplantsofferhidingplacesforsnakes.”（灌木丛下就是这样一个地方。此外，地被植物也为蛇提供了藏身之处。）由此可知，空格处内容应为不要让灌木丛和地被植物出现在花园里。结合选项E项Trytolimittheuseofsuchplantsinyourgarden.（尽量限制这类植物在花园里的使用。）符合此推断，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选E项。【19题详解】由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“Homeownersneedtocheckthefoundationforpossiblesnakeentrypoints.Snakeswillenterunderyourhouseiftheycan.Makesuretosealanycracksoropeningsasnakecouldfitthrough.Doorscanalsobeanaccesspointforsnakes.Blocktheseopenings.”（房主需要检查地基上可能的蛇入口。如果可能，蛇会从你的房子下面爬进来。确保所有能让蛇通过的裂缝或开口都封上。门也可能是蛇的入口。堵住这些开口。）可知，主要讲的是封堵蛇的入口。结合选项A项Sealoffentrancestothehouse.（封锁房子的入口。）和该段主旨意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选A项。【20题详解】根据上文“Therearestepshomeownerscantaketoavoidattractingtheseanimalsand,inturn,snakes.”（房主可以采取一些措施来避免吸引这些动物，进而吸引蛇。）提到采取一些措施来避免吸引这些动物。以及下文“Thiswillattracttheanimals,whichwillthenattractthesnakes.”（这将吸引动物，然后再吸引蛇。）结合选项D项Oneistoavoidleavingcatordogfoodoutdoors.（一是避免将猫粮或狗粮留在户外。）可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯，符合语境。故选D项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In1996,attheageof27,WilSmithbeganhisacademicjourneyasafreshmanatMaine’sBowdoinCollege,shortlyafterhehad____21____hisserviceintheNavy.Despitethechallenges,he____22____himselfandhisone-year-olddaughter,Olivia,forthisnewchapterintheirlives.Yearslater,nowateenager,Oliviasatwithherfatherto____23____ontheirsharedexperiencesduringthose“collegeyears”.“Youweren’tpartofmyoriginalplanasa____24____,”WiladmittedtoOlivia.“IhadafeelingthatifBowdoinCollegeknewaboutyou,theymightnotletmeenroll.____25____,Ikeptitasecret.”To____26____endsmeet,Wiltookonajobatalocalstore,workingthenightshiftasacleaner.“ThereweretimesIhadtobringyoutoworkand____27____youinthecloset,”Willaughed,recalling.“Thestressandlackoffoodprobablycausedmeto____28____around27pounds.Icouldn’taffordenoughforbothofus.”Hecontinued,“Mybasketballteammateswerethefirsttohelpbabysit.I’d____29____returningfromclasstofindfourbigguysandan18-month-oldcausingchaosintheroom.”Oliviainquired,“Didyoueverfeel_____30_____aboutbringingmetoclass?”“Itwasabitawkward,”Wilconfessed.“Sometimes,the_____31_____waytocopewastocomein,seeyou_____32_____,andthenreturntomystudies.”In2000,Wil_____33_____fromBowdoin,andonthatmemorableday,allhisclassmatesrosetogivehimastandingapplause.“Irecallwalkingwithyou,myheadrestingonyourshoulder,”Oliviasaidwitha_____34_____.“Itruly_____35_____yourstrength,andIloveyou.”“Ifindmystrengthinyou,”Wilreplied.“Ialwayshave,andIalwayswill.”21.A.completed B.initiated C.extended D.considered22.A.prepared B.withdrew C.p